Research using magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals that SGLT2 inhibitors trigger a balance between glucose loss and new production in the liver, affecting metabolism in several organs. The study provides insight into the acute impact of these drugs on lipid and energy metabolism.
A team of scientists has developed a protective coating made from ultrathin gallium oxide to shield 2D materials from damage. This innovation enables the use of extremely thin materials in electronics, promising lower energy consumption and increased efficiency.
A new nanoparticle-based drug can boost the body's innate immune system and make it more effective at fighting off tumors. Researchers found that the polymer-based nanoparticles activate STING even without a small molecule activator, causing a more sustained effect on the protein.
Annette S. Lee receives the AAAS Early Career Award for Public Engagement in Science for her culturally relevant and community-focused projects grounded in indigenous knowledge of the stars. Her initiatives, such as Native Skywatchers, improve education inequalities faced by native youth and promote cultural pride.
A study found that plant species richness reduces viral infections in both wild and cultivated meadow environments. In contrast, the number of virus species increases near agricultural fields due to confusing disease regulation mechanisms.
A study of 157 healthcare workers in Ekaterinburg, Russia found that aspirating systems with HEPA filters reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence. Dental clinics using dry suction systems had higher infection rates compared to those utilizing semi-dry and fully filtered systems.
Researchers showed that deepfake detectors can be defeated by inserting inputs called adversarial examples into every video frame, which cause AI systems to make mistakes. The attack still works after videos are compressed. Key findings include high success rates of over 99% for uncompressed and 84.96% for compressed videos.
The study found that medical specialties with higher percentages of female clinicians tend to have lower average salaries. The median salary for female physicians across all specialties was $300,000, compared to $350,000 for male physicians.
A global study found that carbon dioxide levels have increased tree photosynthesis efficiency by 40% between 1901 and 2015. The increase is primarily driven by the rise in atmospheric CO2, with additional analysis suggesting enhanced photosynthesis as a key factor.
Researchers found that a widely used cell type for brain research was misidentified as an endothelial cell, but could be reprogrammed to resemble one using gene expression manipulation. This study highlights the importance of rigorously evaluating stem cell models before embracing them.
Esther Ngumbi, an entomologist, has made significant contributions to public engagement with science through her research, writing, mentoring, and community outreach. Her work has benefited farmers in Kenya and across sub-Saharan Africa, as well as students from underrepresented minority groups.
New research by Copenhagen Business School finds that poor planning and execution of decarbonisation strategies in emerging markets challenges the aims of Goal 7. The study highlights the need for governance in energy democracy, allowing marginalized communities to participate in renewable energy investments. This can be achieved throu...
A study by WVU biologists found that trees globally are consuming more carbon dioxide than previously reported, making forests crucial in regulating the Earth's atmosphere. The research shows that increased photosynthesis is the main driver of this increase, contradicting previous studies.
A new synthetic gene circuit process allows for more effective disease treatment by preventing cancer cells from metastasizing and making them receptive to treatment. The technology, developed at Arizona State University, has broad implications for improving the effectiveness of various disease therapies.
A 97-year-old patient learns to titrate condensed chicken soup like a medicine, improving their condition. The study shows that outpatient dietary management can effectively manage electrolyte disorders during COVID-19.
Researchers use innovative 3D imaging technology to analyze joint mobility in living animals and apply patterns to reconstruct extinct dinosaurs' walking and running cycles. The study provides new perspectives on understanding animal biomechanics and its applications in evolutionary transitions.
A microbiome-targeted therapy, known as microbial transfer therapy (MTT), has shown encouraging results in treating autism symptoms by expanding gut microbia diversity and reducing GI issues. The approach involved transferring healthy gut microbes into ASD patients' guts over 7-8 weeks, leading to improved behavior and reduced symptoms.
Researchers discovered that cells use active perception to coordinate action when creating new tissue. They found that filopodia movement helps inform a decision by detecting signals in the environment.
Scientists discovered that brain activity changes in response to disagreement with group opinion, allowing for future adjustments. The brain retains a 'trace' of past conflicts, influencing future decisions.
Researchers have created an angle-insensitive 3D-printed miniature spectrometer that can be fabricated directly on a miniature image sensor. This innovation enables complex measurement systems in medical engineering and precision farming, with potential applications in hyperspectral imaging.
A study published in American Journal of Primatology found that common marmosets exhibit distinct personality traits, such as explorativeness, boldness, and extraversion. These findings are consistent across captive and wild settings, suggesting that personality is a stable trait in these animals.
A 10-year study by Brigham Young University reveals that teenage girls who spent more than two to three hours a day on social media were at a higher risk of suicide as emerging adults. The study suggests that parental guidance and moderation are key to mitigating the negative effects of social media on mental health.
A dynamic and delicate connection between two pairs of protein filaments, called tip links, plays a central role in hearing. The tension held by these filaments is essential for the activation of sensory cells in the inner ear.
Children who received prenatal repair of their spina bifida had better gross and fine motor skills, stronger leg muscles, and were more likely to walk independently up to 10 years after surgery. They also showed improved self-care skills and a higher quality of life compared to those who underwent postnatal repair.
A multidisciplinary team from Memorial Sloan Kettering reports the presence of inflammatory molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid as the underlying cause of 'COVID brain' or brain fog, a condition characterized by confusion and loss of short-term memory. Anti-inflammatory drugs like steroids may be useful for treating the condition.
Researchers at Michigan State University and the University of Hawaii have discovered chemical signatures in corals that indicate resistance to bleaching. The study found that resistant corals host algae with saturated lipids, which differ from those found in susceptible corals with more unsaturated lipids.
A study in Nature Communications outlines the physical rules regulating the architecture of membraneless organelles (MLOs), also known as biomolecular condensates. The research found that RNA amount and protein amino acid sequence impact MLO surface stickiness, enabling predictive control over their arrangement.
The study found that the spread of Spanish flu differed depending on the region, with a decrease in infection numbers associated with public health measures. Delayed action at the start of the second wave was fatal, contributing to its severity and duration. The researchers compared historical data from 1918 and 2020 and found parallel...
Scientists at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg have fully determined the internal structure of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) for the first time. The study reveals a 'nano-pocket' that protects dye or other molecules, enabling new imaging techniques and biomedical applications.
The new risk score, developed by HKBU and CUHK researchers, uses urine spermine levels to estimate a patient's risk of developing prostate cancer. The test has been shown to accurately identify high-risk patients and help reduce unnecessary biopsies.
A new data tool called SafeNET can rapidly predict mortality for patients facing transfer between hospitals, helping physicians, patients, and families make informed decisions. The tool analyzes patient demographics, vital signs, lab tests, and other factors to provide a predicted mortality risk in under five minutes.
A new study finds that severe spruce beetle outbreaks followed by wildfires can lead to permanent damage in high-elevation forests. Aspen trees, however, have a higher chance of regrowing from their root systems and may dominate these forests.
A group of caterpillars that eat cycad plants have evolved a toxic defense mechanism, resulting in bold colors and behaviors to deter predators. The study reveals the genetic consequences of this adaptation, including rapid evolutionary change and the development of proteins that destroy cells and remove dead cell debris.
Researchers at Geisinger Health System developed an AI algorithm using echocardiogram videos to predict mortality within a year. The model outperformed other clinically used predictors and improved cardiologists' prediction accuracy by 13 percent.
During the early COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, patients received potentially effective yet unapproved treatments due to lack of available therapies. The study reveals significant changes in drug demand compared to pre-pandemic periods.
Research at Kobe University Graduate School of Science found that captive-bred juvenile red-spotted masu salmon rarely become migratory when released into natural streams. This discovery has implications for conservation and management of salmon species, highlighting the need for reevaluation of stocking practices and river environments.
A new program at the University of Pittsburgh, funded by the NIH, aims to educate investigators and innovators on designing for older adults. The Human Factors of Aging program will help translate research into action, considering physical, cognitive, and sensory issues that often get overlooked.
Manu Platt, a biomedical engineer at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, has received the AAAS Mentor Award for his commitment to mentoring underrepresented students. He provides opportunities for growth, encourages students to step out of their comfort zones, and advocates for diversity in STEM fields.
Researchers found a significant interdecadal decrease in extreme heat days over Northeast China from the 1980s to 2000s, driven by reduced variability of daily maximum temperature. The Silk Road and East Asian-Pacific teleconnections played a crucial role in modulating this change.
A new study analyzing survey data collected during the first wave of the pandemic found that lockdowns had significant positive impacts on many people and their families. The research identified four key areas of 'post-traumatic growth', including increased appreciation for life, spiritual growth, and discovering new opportunities.
Researchers found similar properties between deep neural networks and primate visual cortices, providing insights into attention mechanisms. The study may accelerate AI development by understanding the neural basis of attention.
A new machine-learning framework estimates actual COVID-19 infections in the US and 50 countries, revealing severe undercounting. The model suggests that cumulative numbers of actual cases are at least five times higher than confirmed cases in some countries.
Scientists have developed a biological lung-on-chip that replicates the human lung's structure and function, enabling researchers to model lung diseases such as IPF and COPD. The device has broad clinical applications, including drug screening and precision medicine.
The developed framework captures detailed information on agricultural groundwater use at the regional scale down to individual fields. It combines data from satellite images, weather prediction models, and land-surface hydrology models to estimate water delivery to each field.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the decline of coal power generation by reducing electricity demand and increasing costs. Global CO2 emissions from the power sector decreased significantly in 2020 and are likely to remain low due to ongoing investments in renewable energy.
Researchers found that climate change contributes to longer and more severe pollen seasons in the US, affecting respiratory health and viral infections. Pollen counts increased by 21% between 1990 and 2018, with a significant impact on allergy sufferers.
A digital personality change intervention targeting behavioral changes, psychoeducation, self-reflection, and progress feedback significantly improved trait changes for participants wanting to increase traits. These findings suggest that personality traits can be altered through interventions in nonclinical samples.
Researchers found paracetamol alone is superior to high-dose NSAID alone for posttraumatic extremity pain. A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine shows taking paracetamol as a first-line therapy can effectively manage mild to moderate post-traumatic extremity pain after discharge from the emergency department.
Dr. Anthony Fauci is being recognized for his significant contributions to science and medicine, particularly in the fields of immunology and infectious diseases. He has made numerous groundbreaking research discoveries and has been a key figure in shaping public policy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Researchers sent take-at-home tests to patients overdue for screenings, increasing completion rates by nearly 20% compared to traditional reminders. The intervention cost just $150 per patient, a critical factor for sustainability in community health centers.
Research reveals microglia's essential role in refining auditory pathways, even when pruning is delayed. Without microglia, connections between neurons don't fully mature, leading to impaired hearing.
Researchers create a new platform for valleytronics by combining ferromagnets and twisted graphene layers, enabling the manipulation of electrons' 'valley' property. This opens up a new realm of correlated twisted valleytronics with potential applications in topological quantum computing.
Researchers have discovered a temporary bright spot in the decline of nitrogen oxides, byproducts of combustion, across the north equatorial part of Africa. The decline is linked to a decrease in dry-season fires managed land practices, as well as increasing population densities and urban emissions.
A new MIT study found that the brain rapidly transfers a memory of an object from one hemisphere to the other when it shifts across our field of view. This process allows us to maintain control over our environment and react to changing situations with volitional control.
Researchers found a significant shift towards virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 71.1% of all visits being virtual, compared to 1.2% before the pandemic. The study also revealed that older and sicker Ontarians maintained higher levels of care, despite overall decreases in primary care visits.
Gary S. May has received the 2021 AAAS Lifetime Mentor Award for his three-decade career as a professor of computer engineering and university administrator. He founded numerous programs to support underrepresented minority STEM students, mentoring over 100 Ph.D. candidates who are now leading positions in academia and industry.
Researchers found higher expression of genes critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry and immune response, increasing risk of severe illness and late-onset complications. People with Down syndrome may benefit from early vaccination to mitigate these risks.
Researchers found that caffeine exposure in utero is linked to changes in brain structure and function, particularly in white matter tracks. This study suggests that high caffeine intake during pregnancy may contribute to behavioral issues in children, highlighting the need for further research and guidance on safe caffeine limits.
Researchers found that some coronaviruses can incorporate host genes, such as CD200, to prevent excessive inflammation and prolong infection duration. This evolutionary strategy allows viruses to multiply and spread more effectively.
Researchers identified lithium hydride (LiH) as a dominant compound in anode breakdown during lithium metal batteries (LMBs), which can be reversed by increasing temperature. The discovery offers hope to enhance battery life without size increase or cost.