The APOE4 gene variant increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease by disrupting the insulation of brain wiring. Research found that oligodendrocytes mismanage cholesterol, failing to transport fat molecules to myelinate axons. This deficiency may contribute to the pathology and symptoms of Alzheimer's.
A study published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health found that hospitalised young people with a gender dysphoria diagnosis were four to five times more likely to experience self-harm or suicide attempts compared to those without the condition. This highlights the need for improved support and care for this vulnerable group.
A study of 18,364 children hospitalized with COVID-19 found that pediatricians prescribed medications in accordance with guidelines in only 55-82% of cases. The use of recommended medications quickly increased after national guidelines were released in 2020, but compliance remained lower than expected.
Research found persistent diversity gaps in the dermatology workforce pipeline, with females and UIM students underrepresented. Medical students from diverse backgrounds had increased odds of caring for underserved populations and practicing public health.
Researchers identified genes associated with aggressive clear cell renal carcinoma, a subtype of kidney cancer. Anticoagulant therapies may enhance cancer treatment efficacy. Specific genes involved in blood clotting and insulin transport were found to be linked to disease progression.
Researchers have discovered how a new class of drugs can inhibit the complement system, which causes damage to the body in some cases. These findings pave the way for further optimization of such inhibitors, potentially leading to novel therapeutic strategies for treating autoimmune diseases.
A study found that people with COVID-19 infections are more likely to develop seizures or epilepsy within six months compared to those with influenza infections. The increased risk was particularly noticeable in children and those who did not require hospitalization for COVID-19.
A new study from Michigan State University found that history plays a crucial role in determining the success of ecological restoration efforts. Researchers tracked biodiversity in restored plots, finding mixed results, including positive, neutral, and negative relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Research on interventions to mitigate housing insecurity found low-certainty evidence of positive health outcomes, primarily for emergency rent assistance and homeownership assistance. However, existing interventions may need to be paired with other efforts to address structural determinants of health.
Researchers at Clinica Universidad de Navarra found that ultrasound-guided surgery (IOUS) is more effective and quicker than traditional wire-localisation methods for treating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This technique reduces the risk of positive margins, a common cause of second operations.
A special issue of Frontiers in Toxicology highlights diverse approaches to assess chemical toxicity without animal use. Non-animal tests have been used to replace animal tests for respiratory and skin effects, but remaining challenges remain.
A new study suggests that ships may be spreading a deadly coral disease across Florida and the Caribbean. Researchers found that transport through ship ballast water could contribute to disease spread.
Researchers found that habitat loss and climate-induced food shortages drive pathogen spillover, but preserving and restoring natural habitats can prevent these events. By analyzing data from Australia, the study predicts when viruses like Hendra and Nipah will spill over from bats to humans.
A Rutgers study found that unsecured handguns account for the majority of firearm suicide deaths in the US, with most victims using their own loaded and unlocked guns. Men and younger individuals were more likely to use long guns or store firearms unlocked.
A new study reveals that adopting high-yielding dairy cattle breeds and improving feed can help Tanzania increase milk production while reducing planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions and alleviating poverty. The research found that better feed can increase milk yield by up to 179% and improve the country's climate commitments.
A new study by the University of Illinois found that temperature in the place of origin has a significant negative impact on export of agricultural goods, while temperature in the destination has little effect. The researchers also identified precipitation as a more nuanced factor in trade.
Researchers at CU Anschutz Medical Campus found that irradiating only select lymph nodes near a tumor can significantly decrease cancer recurrence and improve patient outcomes. This approach eliminates the source of immune cells for immunotherapy to work on, but preserving long-term systemic immune response.
A new report from Tufts University School of Medicine proposes a policy platform that reduces gun violence by 28%, backed by research on common ground between gun owners and non-gun owners. The platform includes policies such as violent misdemeanor laws, universal background checks, and state gun permitting systems.
A new prodrug called DRP-104 targets cancer cells' high demand for glutamine, eliminating them while sparing healthy tissues. The drug is in early-stage clinical trials for advanced solid tumors and shows promise as a safer alternative to existing treatments.
The Andrew Sabin Family Foundation has donated $10 million to the James P. Allison Institute, a research and innovation hub aiming to unlock cancer cures. The gift will support elite scientists and post-doctoral programs to accelerate breakthroughs in immunobiology.
A study found that mothers of younger children (under four years) engage in the least moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, averaging around 18 minutes per day. In contrast, mothers of school-aged children manage about 26 minutes of such activity daily, with multiple children under five increasing light intensity activities.
A new study explores how older adults plan for future changes, such as stopping driving or using firearms. The research found that reducing access to potentially dangerous situations should be prompted by declining ability, not age alone. Trusted messengers like family and clinicians can lead conversations around limiting access, and s...
The iPS Cell Stock Project has expanded its Japanese population coverage to 60% by using 27 cell stocks. These stocks were prepared from donors who are homozygous for human leukocyte antigens (HLA) A, B, and DR, increasing the likelihood of donor-patient matching.
A new study explores how corporal punishment impacts neural systems, linking it to increased anxiety, depression, and altered brain activity. The research found that adolescents who experienced physical punishments showed a larger neural response to error and a blunted response to reward.
Children's brains exhibit rapid GABA boosts during learning sessions, allowing for efficient consolidation of new information. Adults' brains, on the other hand, struggle to stabilize learned knowledge due to reduced GABA levels, leading to slower learning rates.
A new analysis by researchers at Duke University proposes a four-step science-based framework to overcome barriers and enhance the success of early warning systems. The framework involves understanding potential barriers, engaging key stakeholders, identifying promising strategies to overcome barriers, and measuring outcomes.
A new study published in PLOS Global Public Health found that 70% of ayahuasca users experienced physical health adverse effects, while 55% reported mental health concerns. Most adverse events were reported as mild and temporary, with only 2.3% requiring medical attention.
Researchers created a Facebook-like prototype platform, called Trustnet, where users rate posts as accurate or inaccurate before sharing. This approach showed that people effectively assess misinforming posts and share their assessments with others.
A study aims to use e-visits to bridge the gap in smoking cessation services for rural smokers. Primary care providers are overwhelmed, but e-visits could provide an efficient solution.
A national quality improvement project led by the American College of Surgeons restored cancer screenings to pre-pandemic levels and increased additional screening tests. The initiative helped accredited programs increase screening rates by implementing evidence-based interventions and achieved a minimum of 10% growth in screening.
Carrying out scientific experiments in space enables faster drug discovery due to lower gravity, speeding up the development of complex medicines. Protein crystallization experiments have been instrumental in designing cancer drugs, while studying aging treatments could lead to breakthroughs in stem cell therapy.
Scientists identified a key gene variant, THP9-T, that increases nitrogen-use efficiency and seed protein content in maize. This discovery has implications for future breeding programs aimed at maximizing nutritional value and reducing environmental impact.
A study by Leiden University Medical Center found six proteins in blood samples that were altered one to two years before a breast cancer diagnosis. The researchers believe these proteins could be used to develop a blood test for early detection of breast cancer in high-risk women.
Researchers found that Swedes with higher incomes have more children, particularly men who accumulate higher incomes over time. For women, the pattern changes significantly over time, with those born in the 1940s and 1950s having lower incomes and more children.
Experts in RNA biology and drug design will gather for a two-day symposium on the state of the science that is changing preventive medicine. The event features confirmed speakers known for their advances in RNA biology and drug discovery, including mRNA vaccine success against COVID-19.
Researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center discovered that oral bacteria like Fusobacterium nucleatum can infiltrate tumors, influencing their growth and response to treatment. The findings suggest a link between oral health and cancer, highlighting the potential for microbiome-based therapies to combat cancer.
An international study found that housing cost to income ratio is strongly associated with preventable deaths and suicide in developed countries. However, social spending on pension and unemployment benefits can lower these risks. Housing policy measures such as public housing stock and rent controls also show protective effects.
A systematic review of 29 studies found that combining probiotics with antibiotics can prevent or lessen some changes to the gut microbiome composition. Probiotics can also help protect species diversity and restore friendly bacteria populations, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.
The MAX-R project, coordinated by UPF, aims to develop top-quality extended reality technologies on a large scale. The project will drive the progress of virtual production technology and boost the extended reality ecosystem.
Researchers developed disease-resistant maize genotypes for smallholder farmers, increasing safe yields and reducing aflatoxin contamination. The findings offer a promising strategy to protect food security in Sub-Saharan Africa.
A large registry-based study found lisdexamfetamine to be associated with the lowest risk of hospitalisation and death in people with amphetamine addiction. The medication showed a significant reduction in hospitalisation due to substance use disorder and any cause or death, while benzodiazepine and antidepressant use were linked to po...
A scoping review found that climate change and air pollution are linked to worsening symptoms of neurologic diseases. Exposure to pollutants like nitrates and fine particulate matter is associated with increased risk of stroke, headaches, dementia, and multiple sclerosis.
New research from York University finds that wearing a mask makes it harder to recognize masked and unmasked faces of others. The study suggests this may be due to altered perception abilities caused by the constant tactile stimulation from the mask, leading to reduced face processing skills.
The MIT Press and American Academy of Arts & Sciences have made Dædalus, the journal of the American Academy, openly available. This move has led to an increase in online readership and downloads, with over 450,000 essay downloads between 2020 and 2021.
Researchers used machine learning to analyze high-frequency oscillations in patients' brains during deep sleep, distinguishing between epileptogenic and non-epileptogenic regions. The study achieved an 85% accuracy rate, suggesting a promising method for predicting seizure outcomes.
The FDA's investigation into its own oversight of clinical trials reveals a concerning lack of surveillance, leaving room for scientific misconduct. Experts argue that the agency should inspect sites more frequently to ensure data quality and integrity.
Researchers found that raw honey from single floral sources lowers fasting blood glucose, total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and inflammation. Honey's health benefits depend on processing, floral source, and quantity.
Researchers developed an algorithm using amino acid sequences of proteins called T cell receptors to predict patient response to treatment, providing insights into the biology behind an effective response. The algorithm, DeepTCR, identified patterns that are predictive of patient response as accurately as known biomarkers.
Researchers at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology have discovered that CO2 in the deep Earth's dissolution in water may be more active than previously thought, influencing global climate over geologic time. Confining CO2 and water in suitable nanoporous minerals enhances underground carbon storage efficiency.
Researchers evaluated modified CEUS using perfluorobutane for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk patients. The study found no significant difference in sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy between modified CEUS and CT/MRI LI-RADS v2018.
Researchers have developed wearable electronics paired with artificial intelligence to detect emerging health problems, such as heart disease and cancer, before symptoms appear. The device can perform personalized analysis of tracked health data while minimizing wireless transmission.
A high-salt diet was found to increase the levels of a stress hormone by 75 per cent in mice, indicating that excessive salt consumption may contribute to higher blood pressure and related health risks. Experts hope the findings will encourage policy changes to reduce salt intake in processed foods.
A new study by the University of Gothenburg reveals that the salinity of surface water is crucial for sea ice formation at low temperatures. The study finds that warm water is prevented from rising to the surface due to its lower salinity, creating a 'lid' that allows cold polar temperatures to freeze continuously moving warmer water.
Studies found that sotrovimab reduced the risk of severe covid-19 outcomes by 46% compared to molnupiravir. However, no benefit was found for common heart drugs like ARBs in a randomised controlled trial.
The FDA approved Aduhelm for Alzheimer's treatment based on reduced amyloid levels in the brain, despite no significant clinical effect. The use of amyloid-PET scans is being questioned for its accuracy and reliability in measuring amyloid removal.
Researchers create dendrite-free Li metal anodes using porous MXene lattices and ultra-thick LFP cathodes, achieving unprecedented areal capacity and energy density. The 3D printed batteries outperform current state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries.
Researchers at the University of Amsterdam's Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Synthesis have developed a biocatalytic method to synthesize primary, secondary, and tertiary amines containing two stereogenic centers. The method uses a one-pot enzyme cascade, achieving excellent stereoselectivity and high chemical purity.
Francis T. Cullen proposes building 10 prisons, each funded at $1 billion, to foster a new era of progress in corrections. The proposal aims to improve offenders' lives and reduce crime-related risks through evidence-based strategies.
Research from Binghamton University found that government agencies struggle with innovation due to risk-aversion and compliance constraints. Digital platforms can help strike a balance between standard and flexible approaches, enabling efficient innovation.
A telemedicine program for opioid use disorder patients showed that 55% of patients continued with their medication 30 days after being prescribed buprenorphine. The program received 371 calls and provided 249 buprenorphine prescriptions, filling a significant gap in treatment for this population.