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Science News Archive June 2023 - Page 39


Page 39 of 40

Ultrasound breaks new ground for forearm fractures in children

A randomized trial found that ultrasound diagnosis of forearm fractures in children resulted in similar recoveries and reduced the need for follow-up x-rays. The study suggests using bedside ultrasounds could alleviate hospital waiting times and costs, benefiting rural areas with limited access to healthcare.

SourceGriffith University·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJun 1, 2023

Adolescents are aware of and invested in the potential impacts of abortion restrictions, study says

A recent study found that adolescents across various ages, genders, and geographies are aware of and concerned about the potential impacts of abortion restrictions. The study, led by Dr. Bianca A. Allison, used a nationwide text message poll to gather responses from over 800 adolescents between 14-24 years old.

SourceUniversity of North Carolina Health Care·JournalJournal of Adolescent Health·DateJun 1, 2023

Petit-spot volcanoes involve the deepest known submarine hydrothermal activity, possibly release CO2 and methane

Scientists discover hydrothermal deposits at a 5.7 km depth in the Japan Trench, indicating low-temperature hydrothermal activity and elevated CO2 and methane levels. The findings highlight the need for further studies on petit-spot volcanoes and their potential impact on global biogeochemical cycles.

SourceWaseda University·JournalCommunications Earth & Environment·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 1, 2023

Smallest agri-SMEs in Africa owner-managed by women bore the brunt of COVID-19, new CABI study reveals

The study found that smaller agri-SMEs owner-managed by women were more likely to experience disruptions in marketing and maintaining their labour supply. Larger agri-SMEs made changes to comply with government guidelines and sustained their business operations. Multi-faceted support packages are recommended to cushion these enterprises.

SourceCABI·JournalCABI Agriculture and Bioscience·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 1, 2023

Ancient viruses discovered in coral symbionts’ DNA

Researchers discovered fragments of RNA viruses embedded in coral partners' genomes, dating back 160 million years. The discovery provides insights into how corals fight off viral infections and may hold the key to understanding the ecological impact of viruses on reef health.

SourceRice University·JournalCommunications Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 1, 2023

Tweets showed increasing loneliness among emergency medicine doctors during COVID-19

A study analyzed tweets from nearly 500 emergency medicine physicians, finding a significant increase in expressions of loneliness, anger, and anxiety during the pandemic. Positive themes took a dive, while negative emotions dominated, with loneliness increasing by up to 17% compared to pre-pandemic years.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalJAMA Network Open·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJun 1, 2023

Study shows that activity in the subthalamic nucleus reflects action outcomes and consequent adaptation in humans; this can be modified through bursts of electrical stimulation, with potential to restore healthy brain function in people with neurological

Research shows that bursts of electrical stimulation can modify activity in the subthalamic nucleus, influencing human behavior and potentially treating neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease. The study suggests a new approach to restore healthy brain function in people with these conditions.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Biology·DateJun 1, 2023

Alcohol dependency in adolescence, but not consumption, linked with later depression risk

A study published in The Lancet Psychiatry found that adolescents with signs of alcohol dependence are more likely to develop depression by their mid-20s. This association remained after adjusting for potential confounding factors, suggesting a causal relationship between alcohol dependence and subsequent depression.

SourceUniversity College London·JournalThe Lancet Psychiatry·TypeObservational study·DateJun 1, 2023

New research may explain why, despite “the munchies”, frequent cannabis users are leaner than non-users

Researchers have uncovered a possible explanation for why frequent cannabis users are leaner and less prone to diabetes than non-users. The study found that adolescent exposure to low-dose THC disrupts energy balance and adipose organ homeostasis in adulthood, leading to reduced fat mass and increased lean mass.

SourceUniversity of California - Irvine·JournalCell Metabolism·DateJun 1, 2023

Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology researchers improve the solubility of redox molecules for enhanced energy storage systems

Researchers from GIST have developed a hydrotropic-supporting electrolyte to enhance the solubility of organic redox molecules in aqueous systems. This improvement enables the creation of high-energy-density electrochemical capacitors with potential applications in redox flow batteries.

SourceGIST (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)·JournalACS Energy Letters·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 1, 2023

Eye drops slow nearsightedness progression in kids, study finds

A new clinical trial found that low-dose atropine eye drops are effective in slowing the progression of nearsightedness in children. The treatment showed significant improvements in limiting eyeglass prescription changes and inhibiting elongation of the eye, with a daily drop in each eye being enough to make a difference.

SourceOhio State University·JournalJAMA Ophthalmology·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJun 1, 2023

UCLA Health Tip Sheet: Test results impact lung cancer screening adherence; Axillary ultrasound may be unnecessary in diagnostic screening for breast cancer; Using AI to checking endotracheal tube placement

Researchers at UCLA Health highlight the impact of test results on lung cancer screening adherence and the potential unnecessary use of axillary ultrasound in breast cancer diagnostics. Meanwhile, a new AI system helps check endotracheal tube placement with high accuracy and user satisfaction.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalJAMA Network Open·TypeObservational study·DateJun 1, 2023

Lundquist Institute investigators co-author paper in JAMA on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction

A new study published in JAMA finds that adding a coronary artery calcium score to traditional risk factor models improves CHD risk discrimination for middle-aged adults. The researchers suggest this non-invasive imaging technique could be a reliable predictor of heart disease, particularly in older adults.

SourceThe Lundquist Institute·JournalJAMA·TypeObservational study·DateJun 1, 2023

Family resemblance: How T cells could fight many coronaviruses at once

Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have found that T cells can recognize shared viral targets between multiple coronaviruses, including common cold coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. This cross-reactivity could be harnessed to develop vaccines that protect against multiple types of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.

SourceLa Jolla Institute for Immunology·JournalCell Reports Medicine·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 1, 2023

BU researchers identify several new genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease unique to Ashkenazi Jews

Researchers from Boston University identified several new genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease in a study of approximately 3,500 individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. The study found strong associations with previously known variants and novel genes, including RAB3, SMAP2, and ZNF890P.

SourceBoston University School of Medicine·JournalAlzheimer s & Dementia·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJun 1, 2023

ComboMATCH investigators are translating robust pre-clinical evidence for new anti-cancer drug combinations into a series of early-phase clinical trials

ComboMATCH initiates patient enrollment to test new cancer drug combinations guided by tumor biology, exploring precision medicine and targeting proteins that control cancer growth. The project aims to identify beneficial therapies for patients with rare malignancies and/or rare molecular abnormalities.

Thorium-229: A new approach to investigation opens up a wide range of possibilities

An international team of researchers has developed a new method to study the thorium-229 isotope using lasers in the visible wavelength range. This approach could lead to precise measurements of the isomeric state's energy level, enabling tests of fundamental physics questions and potentially paving the way for a nuclear clock.

SourceJohannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz·JournalPhysical Review Research·TypeCase study·DateJun 1, 2023

Honey bee colony aggression linked to gene regulatory networks

A new study explores the genetic mechanisms underlying honey bee colony defense and aggression, revealing that gene regulation influences collective behavior and division of labor. Researchers found that brain gene regulatory networks differ between soldiers and foragers, particularly in more aggressive colonies.

SourceCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign·JournalNature Ecology & Evolution·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 1, 2023

Discovery of neurons that recognize others

Researchers at the Institute for Basic Science have identified specific neurons in the hippocampus that allow us to recognize individual social counterparts and update their value through interactions. The dorsal CA1 region plays a crucial role in this process, enabling long-term memories of individuals to be formed.

SourceInstitute for Basic Science·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 1, 2023

New UNC study quantifies disparity among minority communities exposed to traffic-related air pollution across the U.S.

A new UNC study estimates that minority communities within 100 meters of major roadways face up to 15% higher PM2.5 and 35% higher NO2 exposure than white communities. The study reveals significant exposure inequities across the US, with vulnerable populations facing a greater burden of pollutants.

Technology advance lays groundwork for OCT eye imaging at home

Researchers have developed a custom OCT setup that incorporates a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) diode, which could increase access to OCT imaging and help catch eye problems early. The system performed well in imaging the eye of a healthy volunteer and showed potential for use in biometric eye scanner systems.

SourceOptica·JournalOptics Letters·DateJun 1, 2023

First aid: drones make a difference

A Eurac Research-led team tested drones' effectiveness in locating and providing first aid to injured people in difficult-to-access terrain. The study found that drone-assisted rescue operations reduced treatment time by 30% and saved critical minutes in cases of traumatic injuries and cardiac arrest.

SourceEurac Research·JournalThe American Journal of Emergency Medicine·TypeExperimental study·DateJun 1, 2023

Medical College of Wisconsin cancer researcher & key investigator on study of Pirtobrutinib, now FDA approved for patients previously treated for Mantle Cell Lymphoma

In a multicenter trial, pirtobrutinib demonstrated reversible and effective inhibition of defective B-cells in patients with poor survival prognosis. Over half of patients responded to the drug, with a median duration of response of 21.6 months.

SourceMedical College of Wisconsin·JournalJournal of Clinical Oncology·DateJun 1, 2023