A team of scientists has proposed a high-precision measurement method for large-aperture optical elements, overcoming limitations of existing techniques. The new method uses laser differential confocal and interferometric techniques to measure multiple parameters with nanometer precision.
Researchers found that agricultural practices like planting cover crops and agroforestry could reduce greenhouse gas emissions as much as planting new forests by 2050. These methods also enhance agricultural productivity and resilience to climate change, with potential income of up to $235 billion for farmers.
Research from the University of Notre Dame found that companies that withdrew from Russian operations saw a notable increase in net brand buzz and enhanced brand consideration and purchase intent, especially those with robust ESG profiles. This suggests that socially responsible actions during geopolitical crises can magnify benefits f...
Babesia parasite spread by ticks causes rare but severe symptoms in humans, including influenza-like illness and organ failure. Kashanchi isolates extracellular vesicles to investigate inflammatory cytokine responses and potential vaccine development.
Research reveals underrepresented physicians from these groups are more likely to participate in Medicaid, treating a substantial number of patients. Their patient panels show higher proportions of racial/ethnic minorities.
Researchers at the University of São Paulo have discovered a way to detect peroxymonocarbonate, a potent oxidant derived from CO2, in human cells. The novel method uses fluorescent molecular probes and has implications for understanding the impact of high CO2 levels on human health.
Entomology 2024 will convene over 3,500 entomologists and experts to share latest research on insect science. The conference explores intersection of entomology with global trends, including innovation and climate change.
Researchers at Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg have observed proteins restructuring themselves to produce inositol, a key substance for metabolism. The study reveals that this process occurs in multiple similar proteins, shedding light on their functions.
Researchers developed a compact 'gene scissor' tool, TnpB, which shows a 4.4-fold increase in efficiency of modifying DNA, making it more effective as a gene editing tool. The tool can be used to treat patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, reducing cholesterol levels by nearly 80%.
The unique polar light environment creates conditions for circumpolar hybrid zones, increasing reproductive synchrony among species. Microbes play a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity by adapting to light-sensitive environmental cues.
Researchers at MIT and MGH developed statistical models based on rigorous physiological data from over 100 surgeries, providing accurate measures of nociception. The new models aim to help anesthesiologists optimize drug doses and minimize post-operative pain and side effects.
Researchers have identified coupling design methods, composite manufacturing techniques, and future prospects for micro/nanorobots. The review explores three core functions: mobility, controllability, and load capacity, offering insights into designing high-performance MNRs.
Researchers have discovered that spider fangs can cut strong materials like carbon and Kevlar with minimal force due to their unique morphology. The serrated edge of the fang allows for a secure grip, maximizing cutting efficiency and making it an effective tool for spiders.
A new study reveals that Florida policies are driving a 'limitation effect' in public schools, restricting access to instruction, books, and supports. Educators and parents report witnessing efforts to censor materials, reduce learning opportunities, and even quit teaching due to state restrictions.
Researchers developed a controlled 'point-contact catenation strategy' to guide catenation in supramolecular crystals, achieving record-high gravimetric and balanced volumetric surface areas. This design strategy unlocks the potential of organic supramolecular crystals for onboard hydrogen storage.
A new study finds that 'litigant shopping' – choosing plaintiffs with specific demographic attributes – can influence public perception of the US Supreme Court. The research suggests that attorneys or political interests should carefully consider identity politics when selecting counter-stereotypical litigants to ensure desired outcomes.
Researchers at Nagoya University found that Eiffinger's tree frog tadpoles store ammonia in their bodies, excreting less waste into the environment. This adaptation allows them to thrive in small water bodies with limited space and few predators.
A cohort study found a significant association between maternal influenza infection during pregnancy and an increased risk of childhood seizures. The study suggests that maternal influenza may affect childhood neurological development, particularly for febrile seizures, but not epilepsy.
Researchers found that low gravity conditions in space weaken and disrupt the normal rhythmic beats of human bioengineered heart tissue samples. The tissues on the International Space Station beat about half as strong as those on Earth, and developed irregular beating patterns that can cause a human heart to fail.
Research found that patients leaving hospital prematurely, known as 'before medically advised' (BMA) discharge, have a significantly higher risk of drug overdose in the following month. This increase is due to factors such as persistent pain and untreated addiction after hospital discharge.
A McGill University study suggests that digitizing herbaria and uploading records can increase understanding of plant biodiversity and inform conservation policy. The researchers predict that this approach can yield crucial insights into preserving biodiversity amid climate change.
A new, low-cost cathode material developed by Georgia Tech's Hailong Chen could transform the electric vehicle (EV) market and large-scale energy storage systems. The iron chloride (FeCl3) cathode costs a mere 1-2% of typical cathode materials and can store the same amount of electricity.
Pay transparency does not hurt collaboration, according to new Cornell University research. The study found that people tend to favor higher-paid collaborators when they believe the person has superior skills and can teach them something. When hiring, bosses prefer candidates with a lower pay history than themselves, even if they have ...
Scientists have created an artificial compound eye that achieves real-time panoramic direct imaging and dynamic motion detection, surpassing natural compound eyes. The camera features a 180° field of view, ultrafast angular motion detection, and can be integrated into applications such as obstacle avoidance systems for drones and endos...
A systematic review of risk stratification tools found high-sensitivity troponin tests to have the highest diagnostic accuracy for ruling out acute coronary syndrome. However, these findings require further validation before recommending their use in primary care settings.
A new set of 11 golden rules aims to minimize ocean destruction and preserve fish populations. The rules prioritize minimizing impacts on marine species, habitats, and human communities, while supporting sustainable fishing practices.
Researchers developed a new mouse model to study prostate cancer spread, using CRISPR technology. The model revealed the routes of metastasis and patterns in cell seeding, providing valuable insights for better treatments.
A recent study found that Latino and Black family medicine doctors are more likely to participate in the Medicaid program and care for higher numbers of Medicaid patients compared to their White and Asian peers. This increase is crucial in addressing health inequities in marginalized communities.
A recent study has uncovered a previously unknown farming society in Morocco, dating back to the Final Neolithic period. The site of Oued Beht reveals extensive evidence of large-scale agriculture and deep storage pits, providing significant insights into the role of North Africa in shaping Mediterranean prehistory. This discovery chal...
A new study found that up to 10 million people in the US could qualify for Medicare-covered semaglutide injections, depending on their level of cardiovascular risk. Those with higher risk scores would be eligible for full or partial coverage, potentially expanding access to this life-saving medication.
Older cancer survivors are at a higher risk of stroke, heart attack, and hospital admission for heart failure. Chemotherapy is also linked to elevated rates of these conditions.
Researchers found significant differences in how male and female mice process threats, even with similar behavioral responses. Understanding these sex-based differences is crucial for developing accurate treatment approaches and improving health outcomes.
The study reveals that farmers' decisions to adopt smart livestock technologies are driven by their understanding of the technology's benefits, ease of use, and financial resources. A generational divide is also identified, with younger farmers being more open to adopting new technologies.
Gestational carriers, also known as pregnancy surrogates, are at a higher risk for severe maternal morbidity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and postpartum hemorrhage compared to women carrying their own pregnancies. The study found that these risks were nearly twice as high as in unassisted conception pregnancies.
A new study has identified the genetic factors driving cholera's severity and spread. The research, led by Professor Tania Dottorini, found that unique genes and mutations in Vibrio cholerae are linked to prolonged diarrhoea, intense abdominal pain, and dehydration.
A collaborative program between a university and clinic has increased GP numbers from one to eight in resource-deprived areas of Yokohama. The initiative enhances clinical care, education, and research opportunities while fostering community engagement and diverse perspectives.
A new study from Binghamton University found that telemedicine enhances the quality of patient care and increases physician satisfaction. The study analyzed data from 10,302 physicians nationwide and identified key features such as videoconferencing and electronic health records integration that contributed to improved outcomes.
A third of living former professional football players reported perceived chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) associated with an increased prevalence of suicidality. Men with CTE had cognitive impairment and more health problems compared to those without CTE, highlighting a novel risk factor for suicidality.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General found that people are strongly biased by first impressions, but 'sleeping on it' can lead to more rational choices. Participants who didn't make a decision immediately were less likely to fall into these traps and made more rational decisions.
Patients using transparent capsules delivered more medication due to visual feedback on their inhalation technique, leading to better management of chronic airway diseases. The study found a significant 30.1% reduction in capsule weight after inhalation.
Researchers at the University of Dundee and Boehringer Ingelheim have developed a breakthrough small-molecule drug, ACBI3, which targets and degrades the KRAS gene. The compound has shown high potency and selectivity in eliminating 13 out of 17 most common KRAS mutants.
A new study published in Communications Psychology found that older adults (60+ years) are more susceptible to social influence when making impulsive financial decisions. In contrast, younger adults tend to stick to their original preference even after seeing others opt for the impulsive option.
Researchers have developed femtosecond laser-induced perovskite precipitation technology, enabling high-precision patterning of perovskite materials. This technology has shown great potential in anti-counterfeiting and information storage, as well as optical displays and micro-LEDs.
New research identifies critical gaps in mental health care for adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders experience high rates of comorbid conditions, such as major depressive episode and post-traumatic stress disorder. The study found that only 26% received minimally adequate treatment.
A team of researchers from Aalto University has developed a bio-based binder material that can significantly reduce carbon emissions from infrastructure construction. The technology binds CO2 gas in a stable, solid carbonate form within the cementitious clay layer, making ground improvement itself carbon-negative.
Patients surveyed in Texas expected antibiotics for over 93% of five common symptoms, with public clinic patients more likely to expect them. Lower education levels and inadequate health literacy linked increased expectations for diarrhea and cold/flu symptoms.
Researchers used fMRI to observe brain activity in participants exposed to varying levels of pain stimuli, manipulating their expectations about the level of pain. The study found that higher-level networks integrated pain-related signals into the experience of pain by adding preserved expectation and stimulus information together.
A new study found that gestational carriers have a higher risk of severe complications during pregnancy, early postpartum, and related health issues compared to unassisted or IVF conception. The research analyzed linked health datasets for over 863,000 births in Ontario, Canada, between 2012-2021.
Researchers at Mizzou have developed Cryo2Struct, a computer program that uses AI to build the three-dimensional atomic structure of large protein complexes from cryo-electron microscopy images. This breakthrough enables scientists to better understand protein interactions, critical for developing effective treatments for diseases like...
The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus has identified key opportunities to strengthen climate education for healthcare professionals. The authors propose a developmental learning model with six interconnected domains that build on foundational skills in communication and collaboration.
A study found family physicians in rural hospitals had a 34.3% lower risk of cesarean deliveries compared to hospitals with both family physicians and obstetricians. Nurses reported a stronger culture of support for vaginal births, promoting safer maternal care.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open has found that pandemic-era children do not have a higher risk of developing autism. Researchers analyzed data from nearly 2,000 children born during and before the pandemic, and found no difference in positive autism screenings between groups.
Researchers at Rice University have uncovered new information about the structure of cholesterol molecules in cell membranes using Raman spectroscopy. The study sheds light on previously unknown structural variations and provides a simplified framework for analyzing membrane cholesterol chain structures.
Researchers found that octopus-hunting groups have unique properties, including hierarchical structure and specialized roles. Fish play a crucial role in environmental exploration and prey detection efficiency, while the octopus determines timing and initiation of movement.
Researchers found that SSRI antidepressants improve cognitive functions like verbal memory by reducing a specific serotonin receptor. The study suggests that stimulating this receptor may be a promising target for optimizing antidepressant treatment outcomes.
A new study confirms that hormonal and biochemical factors affect alcohol dependence in men and women differently, implying the need for sex-specific treatments. Researchers found associations between hormone levels and treatment outcomes, highlighting the importance of considering gender differences in treating alcoholism.
Scientists developed exosomes with increased cholesterol content to enhance siRNA delivery efficiency and safety. Cholesterol-rich exosomes improved targeting ability and delivery via membrane fusion, leading to better gene expression regulation.
A new study published in the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology found that genicular artery embolization (GAE) provides durable benefit to patients with osteoarthritis in the knees for at least 2 years. The procedure targets abnormal blood flow to reduce inflammation, quickly improving patients' pain.
A study highlights significant air and water pollution near industrial zones in Delta, Nigeria, posing risks to human health and the environment. The analysis found elevated levels of pollutants, including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and heavy metals, affecting respiratory health and other health issues.
A study highlights the importance of dedicated exits for vulnerable populations during building evacuations, with findings suggesting that centrally located dedicated exits can improve evacuation efficiency. Dedicated exits are most beneficial in low to moderate crowd densities and should be carefully considered in high-density scenarios.