Researchers discovered that pancreatic β cells produce a neuroprotective agent called Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23), which can stop amyloid-β-induced neuronal cell death. FGF23 may increase ribosomal proteins, helping to maintain homeostasis in neurons.
Genes & Development has appointed Professor Andrew Dillin as Editor-in-Chief and Dr. Eric Sawey as Executive Editor, expanding the journal's scope into new fields such as physiology, metabolism, and molecular neuroscience. The journal will continue to publish groundbreaking discoveries in molecular and cellular biology.
A new study found that ocean temperatures have more than quadrupled since the late 1980s, rising from 0.06°C/decade to 0.27°C/decade. This accelerating warming is driven by the Earth's growing energy imbalance and is expected to lead to even more rapid temperature increases in the future.
A team of scientists at Linköping University has developed a method to anchor conductive polymers to individual living cell membranes without affecting the cell's functions. This innovation opens up new possibilities for treating neurological diseases with high precision.
A study of 1,485 participants across 14 countries reveals significant national and gender differences in exclusionary behavior. Men and ideologically right-wing participants are more likely to propose unequal splits.
A new method of testing the metabolic effects of thousands of active substances at the same time has been developed by researchers at the University of Basel, providing valuable insights into the modes of action of known medications. The study reveals previously unknown mechanisms and potential side effects.
The use of flame retardants in plastic battery enclosures has no demonstrated benefit and poses significant health risks. These chemicals can migrate into the air, house dust, and eventually end up in recycled products, exposing new generations to harm.
A study found a link between oral microbiome and dementia risk, with certain bacteria associated with better executive function. A nitrate-rich diet may favor beneficial oral bacteria, potentially delaying cognitive decline.
Scientists from University of California San Diego use thermal release to extract water molecules from lunar rocks, revealing origin as either moon itself or comet impacts. The study provides valuable clues for NASA's Artemis program and future human settlements on the moon and Mars.
Dr. Laurence S. Sperling will lead programs focused on genetic causes of stroke in Americans, aiming to dramatically improve screening and diagnosis rates. The Family Heart Foundation appoints Dr. Sperling as Chief Medical Officer to drive this initiative.
A newly discovered papyrus from Israel provides direct insight into Roman jurisdiction and legal practice. The document details a spectacular criminal case involving forgery, tax evasion, and the fraudulent sale and manumission of slaves in the Roman provinces of Iudaea and Arabia.
A new trial will test whether taking HMB can improve patients' physical function and quality of life. The BOOST study aims to recruit 124 patients with cirrhosis and measure its effects on liver disease, mental wellbeing, and physical function over 24 weeks.
A review of cell death and aging in cancer research reveals the significance of cellular senescence in promoting cancer growth. The study highlights the potential of various types of programmed cell death, such as necroptosis and pyroptosis, as therapeutic targets against senescent cells.
Researchers develop BEND lipids to improve LNP mRNA delivery and gene editing by breaking through the endosomal membrane. The new lipids outperform existing LNPs used in COVID-19 vaccines, with improved efficacy rates up to tenfold.
Experiments found DNA accumulates differently depending on involvement in the process, aiding identification. The study also discovered DNA from capsules can be transferred to ziplock bags, providing a complete profile with minimal contact.
A Washington State University-led research team has developed a plant-based substitute for fossil fuels in polyurethane foams, which are used in various products. The bio-based foam is as strong and flexible as typical polyurethane foam, making it a promising sustainable alternative.
Researchers developed a novel coating material that captures the brilliance of structural colors using melanin particles, producing non-iridescent color even when viewed from different angles. The coatings displayed a contact angle of over 160 degrees, monochromatic hues, and a self-cleaning surface.
Adopting paywalls leads to a strategic shift in newspaper coverage, with a 5.1% decrease in local news and modest declines in soft news, according to a study of US newspapers between 2006-2022. Smaller cities and urban areas experiencing demographic changes exhibit notable declines in local news and increases in popular content.
A hybrid modeling approach predicts optimal nanofiltration membranes for chemical separations, reducing energy consumption by up to 40% and CO2 emissions by 90%. The AI-powered tool evaluates millions of potential separation options, enabling industries to make informed decisions.
A new study from the University of Exeter reveals that Kenyan smallholder farmers face barriers when trying to increase the diversity of trees and shrubs on their land. Factors such as past experiences, influence of other farmers, and perceived ability to grow different tree species play a crucial role in decision-making.
A recent University of Washington study found that a slower increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels has less impact on the Atlantic Ocean's circulation. The research, published in PNAS, suggests that this slowdown allows the ocean system more time to adapt to rising CO2 levels and mitigates its effects.
Astronomers detect a super-Earth in an eccentric orbit, oscillating between habitable and non-habitable zones. The discovery provides a laboratory for testing new hypotheses on the search for life beyond Earth.
A new optimization model improves microgrid operation by reducing computational burden and introducing replanning, ensuring stable power supply under uncertain conditions. This approach boosts energy efficiency, minimizes waste, and supports the transition to sustainable energy.
A University of Virginia study uses satellite data to show long-term air pollution inequalities tied to industrialized swine facilities in Eastern North Carolina. The research finds that these disparities extend multiple kilometers beyond the immediate vicinity of facilities, affecting communities of color disproportionately.
Researchers at Kyungpook National University have developed a new approach to map and engineer enzymes for enhanced plastic recycling. They employ landscape profiling to identify efficient biocatalysts for recycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET), producing high-purity monomers under mild conditions.
A new phase 2 clinical trial demonstrates the safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in preventing acute graft-versus-host disease in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplants. The study found that FMT helped restore microbial diversity and promote beneficial bacterial species, supporting a healthy immune system.
A team of scientists introduced a novel technique to refine prey size estimation from animal-borne camera footage, enhancing understanding of predator-prey interactions. The correction factors developed allow accurate measurements directly from video footage, providing unprecedented insight into wildlife feeding behavior.
Researchers have developed an injectable hydrogel that targets rapid localized increase in bone density. The results show a four- to five-fold increase in bone density in the legs of rats with bone loss. The study combines systemic osteoporosis drugs with local hydrogel injections, offering hope for future fracture prevention therapies.
Recent study finds that optimal reference heights provide better estimates of surface turbulent fluxes and thus better Earth system model predictions. The results show that computing momentum flux and heat flux are particularly improved with these new reference heights.
Research by scientists at the University of Cambridge found that young adults' physical activity increases when they start work, with a notable decrease seen among those working from home. Meanwhile, sleep levels drop immediately after starting work and remain stable over time, except for those without a university degree.
Researchers believe they have located Harold Godwinson's private power centre, a high-status house with latrine, at Bosham, West Sussex. The site is significant as it represents an Anglo-Saxon show-home and provides insight into the origins of aristocratic centres in England.
New research suggests that patients who see the same GP regularly need fewer follow-up appointments in practices and hospitals. This results in reduced workload for general practices and emergency departments, potentially freeing up NHS appointments.
The American Heart Association and Reese's Senior Bowl teamed up to teach Hands-Only CPR and AED use to NFL Draft prospects. Early recognition and action in cardiac emergencies can double a person's chance of survival, emphasizing the importance of having confident and capable individuals nearby.
A collaborative study investigates how advanced AI tools can make it easier to evaluate interventions for ageing, providing personalised recommendations. The researchers identified eight critical requirements for effective AI-based evaluations and found that following specific guidelines improved the quality of the recommendations.
Researchers develop a human-robot musical band featuring humanoid robots that perform alongside human musicians, achieving natural synchronization through advanced robotic systems. The project showcases the potential of humanoid robots in creative fields like music, highlighting real-time interaction, adaptability, and artistry.
A new Australian-developed technology has detected mysterious fast radio bursts and neutron stars, improving location data of pulsars. The system, CRACO, sifts through signals from space like sand on a beach to find anomalies.
The team's novel technique enables high-throughput screening of nanoparticle shapes, sizes, and modifications, reducing associated screening costs. The research demonstrates the distinct preferences of tumour cells for certain nanoparticle configurations, enabling personalized cancer treatments that are safer and more effective.
The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends guiding principles for AI use in research and publishing, emphasizing full disclosure, accountability, and understanding of AI limitations. AI can improve efficiency and accessibility but risks perpetuating bias and generating inaccurate information.
A peer health navigator pilot program in Saskatchewan improved access to affirming health care for transgender and gender-diverse individuals. The program reduced stress and positively impacted clients' mental health by providing tailored guidance and connecting them with affirming providers.
A support program increased rural primary care clinics' buprenorphine prescribing by fivefold, with clinic completion rates for treatment milestones also showing significant improvements.
The article proposes innovative strategies for preserving diversity in higher education and professional fields, including medicine. Institutions must expand STEM enrichment programs, strengthen K-16 recruitment efforts, and maintain holistic admissions processes to address declining enrollment of underrepresented minority students.
A tailored, toolkit-based intervention improved integrated behavioral health (IBH) integration in primary care practices. Practices that completed more intervention stages showed significant improvements in IBH, particularly in workflows and patient identification.
Despite financial incentives and small faculty sizes, family medicine departments struggle to produce scholarly work due to institutional budget constraints. Larger faculty sizes are linked to higher presentation rates, highlighting the importance of investing in research staff.
The AHRQ EvidenceNOW initiative reduces stigma by training primary care practices in universal screening, brief interventions, and medication-assisted therapy. Motivational interviewing techniques help clinicians address unhealthy alcohol use, promoting person-centered communication and empathetic interactions.
This study analyzed GP-patient consultations to identify treatment burdens and strategies for managing type 2 diabetes. The findings show that medication and personal resources are major components of treatment burden, emphasizing the need for tailored GP responses.
Primary care clinicians spend over half their workdays on EHR tasks, and AI can target areas like documentation, chart reviews, and medication management. Implementing thoughtful AI solutions prioritizes clinician well-being and patient care.
Researchers identified regional differences in how ICD codes were applied, with some codes being used interchangeably for different conditions. The study highlights the need to address variation in physician coding practices to ensure accurate comparisons and avoid false conclusions.
Researchers found that taking blood pressure in public or noisy settings does not affect reading. The study supports the implementation of mass hypertension-screening programs in public settings. Bariatric surgery with sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass both substantially lower healthcare expenses for patients with diabetes, with to...
The study establishes a consensus nomenclature and characterization framework to advance mitochondria transfer and transplantation biology. It defines types of mitochondrial transfers and reviews methods to define and enforce these processes.
Primary care physicians report significant knowledge gaps and training deficiencies in addressing adoption-related issues. They often rely on guidance for preventative screening and genetic testing, highlighting the need to improve their understanding of mental health and trauma.
A study analyzed over 14,000 voice samples from adults to evaluate an AI-based machine learning biomarker tool detecting depression through speech cadence and acoustic features. The tool demonstrated a sensitivity of 71%, correctly identifying depression in 71% of people who had it.
Laboratory experiments corroborate the theory that Titan maintains its nitrogen-rich atmosphere through internal heating of organic materials. The study found significant amounts of carbon gases like methane and nitrogen, supporting the existence of a geologically short-lived atmosphere.
A study found that people with delayed REM sleep have higher levels of toxic proteins amyloid and tau, and lower levels of healthy protein BDNF, which can increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's. Practicing healthy sleep habits may help mitigate this risk.
A recent study found that infant mortality from sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) has increased significantly in the US, affecting Black infants disproportionately. The analysis suggests possible explanations for this trend, including COVID-19 and maternal opioid use.
The project aims to establish a new EAGLE SFS program at George Mason University to support students in gaining interdisciplinary education, hands-on research experience, and leadership skills. Graduates will serve in key government roles, advancing national defense, public safety, and technological innovation.
Children with severe malaria are at risk of serious health complications, higher mortality rates, and long-term cognitive impairment due to elevated uric acid levels. The study suggests that lowering uric acid may reduce hospital deaths and improve treatment strategies.
A cohort study found COVID-19 to be associated with more severe disease outcomes compared to influenza and RSV during the 2022-2023 season. Vaccination attenuated these differences in severity and long-term mortality rates.
Proteins form complexes to fulfill their functions, with assembly often beginning during synthesis. Misfolded proteins can lead to cellular dysfunction and diseases; understanding co-translational assembly may help develop new therapeutic approaches.
A new international study has identified the P2X7 receptor as a promising target for preventing post-traumatic epilepsy. The study suggests that blocking this receptor shortly after traumatic brain injury can significantly reduce brain hyperexcitability and improve behavior.
Researchers developed AshPhos, a ligand that facilitates the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds using inexpensive materials. The tool has potential applications in pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials, and degrading PFAS pollutants.