A new study by York University researchers found that a machine learning-enabled tool, Safe Water Optimization Tool (SWOT), can deliver safe drinking water at nearly three times the rate as compared to standard practices. The SWOT has been shown to achieve safe water for 90% of households in humanitarian response settings.
A new study by USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology researchers finds that Americans with less education are aging faster, with the gap growing over 30 years. The study measured biological aging, which looks at how well organs and systems work, and found that people with more education have slower biological aging.
Scientists have created nanoparticles that convert near-infrared radiation into blue or UV light, enabling efficient powering of molecular motors. This breakthrough solves a significant problem in real-life applications, allowing bulk materials to respond or act as molecular switches in biological settings.
Researchers envision AI-powered systems that identify patients at risk of mental health struggles, provide continuous psychological monitoring and tailor interventions. AI can also overcome barriers to mental health care by delivering support exactly where and when it's needed, including rural areas.
The book explores lesser-known plant diseases that influenced human events, drawing from scientific insight and compelling narrative. Written for specialists and curious readers, it offers a new lens on plant pathology and environmental history.
Historian Malick Ghachem's new book explores how the 1710s financial crisis, known as the 'Mississippi Bubble,' had lasting effects on Haiti's economy and politics. The book sheds light on the pre-revolutionary changes that set Haiti's long-term economic structure in place.
A study published in the journal Joule estimates that space-based solar power could reduce Earth-based renewable energy costs by 7-15% and offset up to 80% of wind and solar power by 2050. The heliostat design, with higher potential for continuous solar energy capture, would outperform wind and solar power.
The article discusses the progress of nanoimprint lithography (NIL) over 30 years, highlighting its high throughput and 3D patterning capabilities. NIL is becoming a key technology for fabricating emerging devices, including metalenses in smartphone cameras and automotive lidar.
Researchers at Rice University have found that bending atomically thin layers of materials like molybdenum ditelluride creates a unique spin texture called persistent spin helix, which preserves spin state even in scattering collisions. This discovery could lead to the development of ultracompact, energy-efficient electronic devices.
A new study found that a gene passed down from extinct archaic humans, Denisovans, is present in modern Latin Americans with Indigenous American ancestry and provides an adaptive advantage. The researchers also discovered the gene's presence in ancient individuals excavated at archeological sites across North and South America.
The COVID-19 virus replicates using cellular machinery responsible for testosterone production, altering lipid metabolism and potentially leading to lower testosterone levels. This study reveals the mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 targets testicular cells, offering insights into male vulnerability to COVID-19.
A new study shows that mixing mice from different populations can create genetically healthier populations, increasing survival and reproductive success. The research challenges common perceptions about the risks of outbreeding depression, highlighting the benefits of genetic rescue in conservation programs.
A new study by Moffitt Cancer Center researchers has found that cancer-induced nerve injury weakens the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The study shows that cancer cells infiltrate and damage tumor-associated nerves, triggering an inflammatory response that ultimately suppresses the immune system's ability to fight cancer.
A team of researchers at the University of Cologne discovered a fundamental biological mechanism connecting STING to inflammatory cell death, which underlies SAVI. Inhibiting programmed cell death alleviated disease symptoms in a preclinical mouse model.
A new R package, phylolm.hp, extends the averaged shared variance concept to phylogenetic generalized linear models, accounting for correlated predictors. This allows for more accurate quantification of each variable's contribution, overcoming multicollinearity effects.
Scientists have detected a near and ultrabright fast radio burst (FRB) from a nearby galaxy, allowing for unprecedented study of the environment around these enigmatic flashes. The burst's proximity and brightness enabled precise localization to a specific region within its host galaxy.
Kristi Funk, MD, a renowned breast cancer surgeon and founder of the Pink Lotus Breast Center, has received the Benjamin Spock Award for Compassion in Medicine. Dr. Funk's tireless advocacy focuses on empowering women with life-saving information about using nutrition and lifestyle to reduce cancer risk and improve survival.
A new study examines 1.2 billion social media posts from 157 countries, finding that very hot days are associated with more negative moods, especially in lower-income countries. The research suggests that extreme heat affects people emotionally, not just physically.
A team of scientists at KIT has developed an integrated nanodroplet array platform that enables the simultaneous synthesis, testing, and analysis of thousands of therapeutic agents. This approach accelerates the drug discovery process by reducing time and resources, making it more accessible to academic labs and smaller biotech companies.
WSU researchers developed a mathematical model to optimize liquid hydrogen storage tank operations, identifying areas where boil-off losses occur and proposing changes to minimize them. By refining the process, they aim to make hydrogen a cleaner and more feasible fuel source for transportation and industry.
A team of researchers has developed a robot with self-morphing, wing-like feet that mimic the agile movements of water striders. The insect-scale robot enhances surface maneuverability and can execute sharp turns in just 50 milliseconds, rivaling the rapid aerial maneuvers of flying flies.
The BeginNGS program will screen newborns for over 1,000 treatable genetic disorders, allowing for early interventions and potentially saving lives. The partnership with Sidra Medicine aims to advance the detection of genetic diseases and establish a new standard for preventative medicine in genomics.
A new Concordia study reimagines parcel delivery by integrating electric vehicles, autonomous delivery robots, and self-service lockers to prioritize high-value customers like Amazon Prime members. The innovative model cuts route and vehicle use costs by up to 53% compared to traditional methods.
A new theory explains how ideas gain momentum and spread like wildfire. The researchers introduce a mathematical model that takes into account the evolution of ideas as they spread, leading to complex results with unexpected outcomes. This work has implications for understanding belief formation, misinformation, and social contagion.
Research by Christian Wood and colleagues reveals that brain area 46 regulates positive and negative emotions, impacting motivation and threat response. The study suggests personalized treatments for depression and anxiety may be effective by targeting this brain network.
A team of researchers has established the first comprehensive model of how calcium is transported out of the cell by the plasma membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase, explaining its high speed. The model reveals that PIP₂ stabilizes calcium binding and facilitates rapid release, making it the pump's primary acceleration factor.
A retrospective cohort study found that GLP-1 receptor agonists may reduce overall cancer risk, including lower risks of endometrial and ovarian cancers, among patients with obesity or overweight. However, these medications may also increase the risk of kidney cancer, highlighting the need for longer-term follow-up.
A study published in JACC Advances suggests that a regular sleep schedule can reduce the risk of clinical events in adults with heart failure. The research found that even moderately irregular sleep doubles the risk of another clinical event within six months.
Researchers discovered that humans with Indigenous American ancestry are more likely to carry a variant of the MUC19 gene inherited from Denisovans, which may have helped them adapt to new ecosystems. The Denisovan gene variant is surrounded by DNA from Neanderthals, suggesting interbreeding between the two species.
A recent study published in Advanced Science found that life-long oral nicotine administration attenuates age-associated motor decline in mice by reprogramming aging-related systemic metabolism via the sphingolipid-energy metabolic axis. Nicotine treatment also enhanced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide availability, limited ceramide a...
Researchers at The Mount Sinai Hospital successfully treated a rare and aggressive T-cell lymphoma that developed after CAR T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma. They identified a combination of compounds approved by the FDA that effectively targeted the lymphoma, with one compound, anti-CCR4, showing particular promise.
Researchers have identified a group of proteins known as the GATOR1 complex as essential tumour suppressors that play critical roles in preventing lymphoma development. Disruption of these genes promotes lymphoma development and existing drugs targeting the same cellular pathways were highly effective at slowing growth.
A new study found that using vaginal estrogen tablets was not associated with an increased risk of recurrent ischemic stroke among postmenopausal women. The study examined prescription data from over 34,000 women and discovered no increased risk of stroke in this high-risk population.
A new large-scale open dataset of Asia's terrestrial ecosystems is now available, providing a long-awaited foundation for understanding the region's role in the global carbon cycle. The JapanFlux2024 dataset combines 683 site-years of eddy covariance data from 83 locations across Japan and neighboring regions.
University of Arizona researchers develop a new formulation of paclitaxel, called Paclitaxome, which improves delivery to tumor sites and reduces side effects. The modified drug combination outperforms existing chemotherapy treatments in tests against triple-negative breast cancer and advanced pancreatic cancer in mice.
Heat-stressed Australian mountain ash forests are losing a quarter of their trees by 2080 due to global warming. The natural thinning response to temperature stress may decline large-scale tree-planting initiatives to reduce atmospheric carbon levels.
Researchers found that brain activity in regions responsible for managing specific body parts remains consistent before and after arm amputation. The study's results suggest that standard phantom pain treatments may need to be rethought and could improve the development of neuroprosthetics and brain-computer interface technologies.
Researchers found that brain maps of the hand and lips remained consistent even after amputation, contradicting previous views of reorganization. This study has implications for treating phantom limb pain and controlling robotic replacement limbs via neural interfaces.
A national study has found that LGBTQIA+ college students living in conservative US states experience poorer mental health, including anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts. Colleges are urged to implement inclusive policies and provide resources to support these students.
Researchers have developed edible microbeads that, when consumed, bind to fats in the gastrointestinal tract, potentially providing a safer and more accessible alternative to surgery or pharmaceuticals. The microbeads are made from green tea polyphenols, vitamin E, and seaweed, and show promise for weight loss in rats fed high-fat diets.
Researchers at Penn State and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory analyzed human deep space communications to determine the most likely places to detect signals from an extraterrestrial intelligence. They found that transmissions to deep space, including spacecraft near Mars, are more detectable than those intended for low-Earth orbit.
Researchers have demonstrated a type of quantum logic gate that drastically reduces the number of physical qubits needed for its operation. The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code has been translated into a physical reality, allowing for the first realisation of a universal logical gate set for GKP qubits.
Despite long-held assumptions, a new study reveals that the brain's somatosensory cortex holds a stable 'body map' even after limb loss. The findings have significant implications for treating phantom limb pain and restoring sensation in prosthetic limbs via brain-computer interfaces.
A recent study on Block Island's bird populations found that 18 species have stabilized or recovered since the 1970s and 1980s. Despite a decline in overall North American bird numbers, these findings suggest environmental conditions are adequately supporting smaller current populations.
A recent study published in Nature Communications has made a groundbreaking discovery about the contribution of phytoplankton to the global carbon cycle. Phytoplankton can directly pump stubborn carbon into the ocean, where it may persist for centuries, contradicting decades of conventional scientific wisdom.
A new study reveals that DNA damage in multiple myeloma initiates 2-4 decades before diagnosis, with key genomic events including IGH translocation and chr 1q gain. These findings may lead to new precision medicine treatment strategies for patients.
A study using China's 'Broadband China' strategy reveals that investing in digital infrastructure is crucial for building corporate resilience. The findings highlight the importance of national broadband initiatives and provide actionable guidance for firms and policymakers to future-proof their organizations.
Researchers develop AI-based model for structural analysis of antibodies, offering precision in less time. The S2ALM model integrates sequence and structure, predicting missing information with high accuracy.
Researchers develop bifunctional catalysts that can simultaneously facilitate oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, enabling the creation of durable and high-energy-density metal-air batteries. The new catalysts have been shown to outperform traditional materials in terms of stability and power density.
Researchers developed a scalable versatile integrated photonic chip to handle static and dynamic temporal tasks, achieving high efficiency in processing various neural network models like CNN, FCNN, and PGRNN. The chip leverages multi-wavelength channels and dual-input-port structures for flexible all-optical processing.
Researchers identified a distinctive CT imaging pattern called PRACE that predicts severe postpartum hemorrhage cases requiring emergency procedures. The finding was strongly associated with the need for uterine artery embolization and improved maternal outcomes.
A new study by Edith Cowan University reveals that psychologists in Australia are underutilized in end-of-life care, with significant barriers preventing them from engaging. The researchers found that emotional strain, fear of litigation, and a lack of education and professional exposure are key deterrents to their involvement.
Researchers have developed a novel label-free multiphoton photoacoustic microscope to detect endogenous NAD(P)H in brain cells, achieving remarkable imaging depths of up to 1100 μm. This technology enables real-time monitoring of metabolic dynamics in brain cells, offering new insights into neurodevelopment and disease mechanisms.
The research team developed an analytical model using lattice networks to understand the mechanism of twisted photonic crystals, allowing for efficient light beam control and concentration. The device has potential applications in tracking satellites, improving lasers, quantum computing, optical memories, and enhancing photocatalysis.
A new study by UC Riverside-led researchers finds that nostalgia serves as a bridge between employees' pre-acquisition identity and post-acquisition reality. The research suggests that understanding and leveraging nostalgia can help preserve organizational commitment and retain key talent during acquisitions.
Several companies in the UK are promoting tooth stem cell banking as a treatment for autism, type 1 diabetes, and other conditions, despite a lack of evidence. Experts say these claims are 'outrageous' and risk exploiting vulnerable parents.
The international community is building momentum to establish ecocide as a new international crime, allowing individuals to be held accountable for serious environmental destruction. The UK has an opportunity to take on a leadership role by adopting its own legislation to criminalize ecocide.
Researchers used gene expression data to identify genes related to stress responses in wild varieties, which could be beneficial for developing hardier crops. Domesticated species showed genes related to hormone regulation and chemical detoxification.
The inaugural editorial of Sustainable Carbon Materials introduces a new peer-reviewed, open-access journal focusing on carbon-based materials research. The journal covers various aspects of carbon materials, including synthesis, properties, energy applications, environmental solutions, and biomedical innovations.
Many commercial services for women seeking relief from menopausal symptoms are unnecessary and do not improve care, according to experts. Symptoms should be prioritized ahead of testing, with clinical history and treatment decisions guided by patient preferences.