A new study analyzing fossilized shark scales found that Pacific reefs naturally supported far more sharks than Caribbean reefs thousands of years ago. The research suggests that differences in ocean productivity have shaped shark populations over time, with Pacific reefs appearing more resilient to human impacts.
Researchers identified a brain circuit that enables comparison between current and previous sensory information to aid judgment. The pulvinar region in the thalamus provides advice on how much sensory information has changed, helping the brain make predictions about what's happening.
Researchers used a mouse model of artificial hibernation to examine the structural mechanisms underlying memory retention. They found that even after hippocampal activity dropped by 70% and more than half of synapses were eliminated, animals retained memories and recovered their original neural organization upon waking.
Prolonged greenhouse warming during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum caused rapid forest thinning, reshaped plant communities, and reduced vegetation carbon storage. Modern forests may lose capacity to store carbon, accelerating climate change.
High-energy particle collision experiments using Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider confirm the baryon junction model over traditional three-quark picture. The study finds that baryon number is transported by gluon field rather than quarks alone, shedding light on proton's identity and matter organization in the Universe.
Researchers developed a new vaccination strategy that pairs mosquito-delivered parasites with antimalarial compounds, generating strong and durable immunity against malaria. The approach protected mice for up to two years, offering a potential 'vaccinate and boost naturally' method for prevention.
A study reveals weaknesses in farm sustainability monitoring, finding that one in four cocoa farm entries showed manipulated data. Auditors were more likely to make changes when aware of the target value required for certification, highlighting the need for independent verification.
Fossilized shark scales from Panama's Pacific and Caribbean coasts provide a window into ancient shark populations. The study reveals that the two regions once supported vastly different densities of sharks, with the Pacific coast having roughly 20 times more sharks than its Caribbean counterpart.
A Cornell University-led research group has devised a strategy for capturing cancer-specific protein-to-protein interactions using a photochemically driven labeling technique. They identified SLK as a driver of cancer in certain contexts, which can be co-opted by cancerous cells to drive growth.
The McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin has announced the renaming of its Master of Science in Business Analytics and Artificial Intelligence program to emphasize the central role of emerging technologies in the curriculum. The new name highlights the technical rigor and AI integration that distinguish these...
North Americans breathed unhealthy air for nearly 106 million person-days as Ontario wildfires exposed people on both sides of the border. Canada's slow fire season intensified within weeks, with Toronto recording the poorest air quality in the world.
Research at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center has identified biomarkers to identify patients with resectable NSCLC who benefit most from perioperative immunotherapy. The center also found that the composition of donor cord blood may influence CAR NK cell therapy outcomes.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that hybrid digital mental health interventions can positively impact young people's emotional and behavioral well-being. The study highlighted the importance of embedding digital tools in supportive settings like schools to achieve sustainable benefits.
A recent study covering 46 countries found that smokers are largely unaware of the cardiovascular risks associated with smoking and second-hand smoke. This knowledge gap is particularly concerning given the high number of cardiovascular deaths worldwide linked to tobacco use.
The CEMDI-PAIMS Symposium brought together experts from materials science, AI, data science and engineering to accelerate the discovery of next-generation materials. Key findings include advances in computational modeling, artificial intelligence, and data-driven approaches for energy and environmental applications.
A new study found that European carnivorous mammals grew larger and more diverse in body mass after a global warming event, while their rivals remained diverse for millions of years. This suggests regional climate played a key role in determining who ruled as top predator, rather than universal competition.
Research shows that pressure measurements from smartphones can enhance hailstorm forecasts, outperforming traditional weather stations in some cases. The study aims to integrate smartphone data into forecast models for better early warnings and local-scale hazard capture.
A study by the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ found that EU raw materials policy focuses on securing supplies rather than reducing consumption. Dominant narratives such as 'corporate competitiveness' and 'strategic autonomy' have shaped policy, sidelining alternatives like sufficiency and resource justice.
A new study has found evidence of potentially hazardous microbial growth on mummified human and animal remains sold online, posing risks to buyers. The analysis also highlighted non-compliance with postal regulations, putting delivery workers and others at risk. Stronger oversight is needed across online marketplaces and industries.
Researchers developed a new technique to study coupled multi-ion and electron transport in solids, revealing traditional diffusion models are insufficient. The tracer exchange method showed complexities such as nanoscale confinement and one-dimensional channels forcing ions to move in single file.
A Cornell University study found that passkeys can be more dangerous than traditional passwords for people targeted by intimate partner abuse. The researchers discovered that many participants struggled to identify and protect themselves from malicious use of their passkeys, highlighting the need for improved security measures.
Researchers identified subtle brain differences in children at increased risk of schizophrenia, even before symptoms emerge. The study suggests that early screening and personalized intervention strategies can help detect the disorder's progression.
Researchers use antibiotics to clarify RNAP function, discovering that the enzyme works only if a certain moving part briefly swings into place to stabilize RNA synthesis. The findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism of RNA synthesis shared across diverse forms of life.
Researchers found that older adults with multiple chronic conditions are less alike, raising questions about one-size-fits-all clinical recommendations. The study suggests basing guidelines on each person's unique multimorbidity rather than chronological age alone.
The Hastings Center Report examines the moral dimensions of family presence in patient suffering, including the value of witnessing a conscious patient's pain. The report also addresses the ethics of AI and psychiatry, including clinician reactions to absent families and the role-specific obligations of surrogate decision-makers.
Researchers have found evidence of two episodes of significant Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) intensification between 17,800 and 14,800 years ago. The study suggests that the AMOC may be more dynamic than previously thought, with potential consequences for global climate patterns.
A comparative study examines autologous pericranium and G-Patch grafts in cranial duraplasty, finding fewer complications with natural grafts but no significant difference. The study highlights the need for larger multicenter studies to determine comparative effectiveness.
A study found that dyadic coping partially explains the association between fear of cancer recurrence and depression among middle-aged and older survivors. The findings highlight the value of involving partners in psychological care to improve emotional well-being during cancer recovery.
A recent study reveals apricot's hidden genomic diversity by integrating chromosome-scale assemblies from domesticated and wild relatives. The research identifies millions of small variants and structural changes, shedding light on how distant lineages contribute to the gene pool and how transposable elements reshape regions near genes.
A UC Riverside-led study suggests that vanillin flavoring in e-cigarettes may disrupt the normal development of embryos in pregnant women who vape. Researchers found that high concentrations of vanillin can cause human embryonic stem cells to lose pluripotency and differentiate into endoderm, potentially leading to serious developmenta...
Studies in Pakistan's trauma registry found that traumatic brain injuries are associated with high death and disability rates long after the initial injury, even in moderate cases. Patients remain vulnerable during hospital discharge transition.
A new study by King's College London reveals that proposed new obesity definitions give greater insight into the ill health of metabolic bariatric surgery candidates compared to BMI. The study found marked variation in disease burden among patients considered for surgery, despite similar BMI.
Researchers developed an AI model that analyzes routine whole histopathology images to predict cancer subtype, genetic mutations, and survival outcomes across 32 solid cancers. The model achieved a strong predictive accuracy score for TP53 mutation detection and demonstrated the ability to infer RNA expression levels and tumor taxonomy.
Researchers found that lab variations can lead to inconsistent data, affecting AI model accuracy and reproducibility. The study highlights the importance of standardization in experimental design to improve data quality for machine learning models.
A new study by Bournemouth University found that 'pioneering pairs' of ospreys, which nest away from others, are key to driving population recovery. These birds create separate subpopulations and increase the speed of recovery for the species through long-distance dispersal.
A research team has computationally designed a synthetic peptide that enables modular detection of coronavirus 3CLPro enzymatic activity. The optimized peptide produced clear loss-of-signal or gain-of-signal responses corresponding to different 3CLPro expression levels, measuring protease activity rather than viral presence.
Researchers have found that Prevotella melaninogenica can survive in the presence of oxygen, challenging a long-held assumption about its obligate anaerobic nature. The study also reveals new insights into the bacteria's ability to consume oxygen and deal with oxidative stress.
The study proposes a public health agenda for AI to improve delivery of proven health interventions through patient identification, outreach, and care coordination. Government leadership, cross-sector partnerships, and sustained investment are essential for realizing this potential.
A study published in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery found that preoperative chemo-immunotherapy was more effective than immunotherapy alone in reducing tumor size in patients with head and neck cancer. The study analyzed data from 86 adults with head and neck cancer treated between July 2024 and March 2026, and showed that pat...
A new study at Boston Medical Center found that a trauma-informed clinical guideline can reduce reflexive Child Protective Services reporting by 50% without compromising child safety. The study analyzed birth hospitalizations involving infants exposed prenatally to opioids and compared reporting rates to 17 other hospitals.
Eco-nanozymology enables effective modulation of biogeochemical cycles, including carbon fixation and nitrogen fixation, while achieving efficient environmental remediation and low-value biomass valorization. The framework has shown outstanding performance in various applications, including energy conversion and environmental remediation.
Researchers investigated adding iron to the ocean to boost CO2 removal, finding varying effects on marine ecosystems. The Southern Ocean offers a favorable balance of climate impact and ecological consequences, while other regions face more severe consequences.
Researchers identify AGR2 as a prognostic marker for NF-PanNETs, while FOXM1 is found to promote malignancy and proliferation. AGR2-high cells exhibit malignant features, including increased proliferative activity and metastasis-like signatures.
Researchers analyzed blood samples from 949 people over 50 in Nigeria and found unique protein profiles compared to a comparable group in Canada. The study suggests the need for globally applicable biomarkers to avoid misdiagnosis due to varying risk factors and environmental exposures across populations.
Researchers from NUS uncover a mechanism that helps cancer cells hide from the immune system by suppressing natural danger signals. Targeting this 'hidden switch', DDX6, could make tumours more visible to the immune system, improving existing or new immunotherapies.
Scientists struggle to define fungal age due to the complex life cycle of fungi, which can live for hundreds to thousands of years. Leveraging new technologies like 'fungi-on-a-chip' and genetic tracking may provide unprecedented insights into fungal longevity.
Researchers have developed a potential new approach against the highly drug-resistant hospital fungus Candida auris. A synthetic sugar molecule that corresponds to a component of the fungus's surface has been identified as a promising basis for a vaccine, protective antibodies, and a rapid diagnostic test.
A team of computer scientists at the University of California San Diego developed a device that can take over communications between two key flight computers on a Boeing 737 by plugging into an unused maintenance port. This attack can be carried out in under 60 seconds, posing a significant risk to aviation security.
Historical data analyzed reveals the famous flood of 1342 was part of a 16-flood event series lasting almost two years. This study provides insights for modern flood protection strategies, highlighting the need to anticipate multiple major floods in quick succession.
Researchers developed a flexible microsystem to deliver light directly to internal cancer treatment sites, overcoming the limitation of traditional PDT. The system, powered wirelessly and containing tiny light-emitting components, shows promising results in laboratory tests, paving the way for more precise and effective cancer treatments.
A national study found that about half of prostate cancer patients receiving focal therapy fell outside the recommended patient groups, highlighting the need for evidence-based treatment decisions. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding which patients are most likely to benefit from promising new treatments.
Scientists have discovered how certain DNA repair enzymes preferentially target specific genetic sequences, leading to the accumulation of mutations in vulnerable regions. This understanding has implications for cancer development and the evolutionary process.
A systematic review of 68 studies finds varied psychological responses to collective trauma, with exposure intensity and social circumstances playing key roles. Social connection also offers protective benefits.
Active surveillance for favorable-risk prostate cancer increased significantly in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system, with high rates among low-risk and intermediate-risk patients. This trend suggests that many veterans are avoiding unnecessary treatment, but disparities in care persist.
A retrospective cohort study of 16,924 men found metabolic syndrome and related abnormalities during the first year of treatment. Hypertension was the most common metabolic outcome among patients receiving concurrent androgen deprivation therapy and an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor.
A randomized clinical trial of 698 patients with localized intermediate-risk prostate cancer found that stereotactic body radiotherapy was not superior to moderately hypofractionated IMRT for disease-free survival at 3 years. However, SBRT showed better bowel-related quality of life compared to IMRT.
A cohort study of 1,582,834 veterans with MDD found that most received recommended treatment, but there was an increasing trend in the proportion who did not. This highlights the need to investigate potential undertreatment and examine mental health service availability that influences treatment selection decisions.
This retrospective study examines patterns and trends of focal therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer in US cancer centers. Focal therapy procedures remained uncommon, occurring mostly in low-, high-, or very-high-risk disease settings.
A cross-sectional study found that exposure to Agent Orange and open-air burn pits were independently associated with poorer mental and physical health outcomes among US veterans. The study highlights the need for continued support and resources for veterans affected by these toxic exposures.
A new study found that the majority of veterans with low-risk prostate cancer pursued active surveillance in 2024, up from 27% in 2005. The study followed over 73,000 veterans and showed similar survival outcomes for surveillance compared to treatment.