The Joint Quantum Institute theorists have made detailed calculations of the dynamics of a positronium Bose-Einstein condensate. They report that above a critical density, collision processes destroy the internal coherence of the gas, posing challenges for the operation of a gamma-ray laser.
Research by Dr Klaas Wiersema's team has discovered that Gamma-Ray Bursts behave differently than previously thought, challenging existing theoretical predictions. The study used observations of a GRB to rule out most existing theories and instead found evidence for circular polarisation in visible light.
Researchers measured circular polarisation in the bright flash of light from a dying star collapsing to a black hole, giving insight into an event that occurred 11 billion years ago. This discovery challenges current understanding of Gamma-ray Bursts and suggests a more complex mechanism for their formation.
A team of researchers has discovered that the afterglow from a gamma-ray burst behaves differently than expected, with 10,000 times more circularly polarised light detected. The findings provide new insights into the extreme properties of matter under shockwave conditions.
Scientists at RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics identified gamma oscillations as the key brain signal underlying memory transfer and corrective action. They found that mice made mistakes and then corrected them, triggering a burst of gamma waves that enabled working memory recall.
Neuroscientists at the University of Texas at Austin found that neurons in the brain tune into different frequencies of gamma waves for various spatial memory tasks. The research suggests that fast gamma waves promote encoding of recent experiences, while slow gamma waves support memory retrieval.
Researchers use Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope data to identify excess gamma-ray emission at high energies, consistent with dark matter annihilation. The signal is difficult to reconcile with other explanations and provides a strong case for the existence of dark matter.
A study by Beaumont Health System found Gamma Knife treatment provides acceptable relief for those with severe facial pain caused by TN. Patients treated with Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery reported reduced discomfort and resumed daily activities without pain.
The team detected a series of bright gamma-ray flares from a source known as B0218+357, located in a gravitational lens system. The gamma-ray delay is about a day longer than radio observations report for this system, and the region emitting gamma rays is very small compared to those emitting at lower energies.
Scientists at Sanford-Burnham have identified the B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) inhibitory receptor as a key factor in limiting inflammatory responses, particularly in the skin. The study provides clarity on how T cells get fired up to protect against pathogens, and then cool down to restore immune homeostasis.
Astronomers have glimpsed the infrastructure of a gamma-ray burst jet using observations from the Liverpool Telescope's RINGO2 instrument. The study reveals that light from the reverse shock wave, which drives back into the jet debris, shows strong and stable polarized emissions.
A team of astronomers has made a surprising finding about smaller black holes, discovering they can eat matter in an orderly fashion. The black hole in question is surprisingly lightweight and swallows its material at close to its theoretical limits, producing high-energy X-rays.
Researchers at UH have discovered that a specific protein inhibits gamma lobe neurons, which are involved in forming memories. This finding has implications for treating dementia by understanding how memories form.
Researchers at UNL's Extreme Light Laboratory developed a novel method to generate research-quality X-rays using a 'tabletop' laser, increasing accessibility to the technology. The new device produces high-energy X-rays with potential applications in Homeland Security, medical imaging, and scientific research.
Astronomers have observed a monster gamma-ray burst in the relatively nearby universe, revealing a giant star with a mass 20-30 times that of the Sun and rapidly rotating. The burst was so powerful that it could be observed for several months, providing insights into the properties of the original star.
Gamma-ray burst GRB 130427A was observed by NASA satellites and ground-based telescopes, revealing a spike in high-energy gamma-rays that defies expectations. The event challenged current theoretical understanding of internal and external shock waves producing these bursts.
Los Alamos scientists observed an extraordinary cosmic event, a black hole birth, with advanced telescopes that yielded detailed data on the event's energy levels and 'afterglow.' The rare occurrence tested long-held assumptions about the universe, revealing higher-than-theoretically-possible energy levels for gamma rays.
A NASA-led mission called Firefly aims to study lightning and terrestrial gamma ray flashes from space. The instrument will gather data for up to a year, shedding light on the global electric circuit's most critical component.
A new study by Professor Terry Sloan and Professor Sir Arnold Wolfendale found that changes in solar activity had a negligible impact on global temperatures. The researchers compared data on cosmic rays entering the atmosphere with global temperature records, concluding that less than 14% of the twentieth century's warming was attribut...
Mészáros was honored for his groundbreaking research on gamma-ray bursts, developing the cosmological-fireball-shock scenario that has been confirmed by observations. He is also recognized for publishing numerous papers in this field and being a leading researcher in high-energy astrophysics.
Researchers found that bedside ultrasound reduced x-ray usage by 5 times and CT scans by 3.5 times, without affecting mortality rates or health outcomes. This cost-effective alternative is a significant improvement over traditional imaging methods.
The Journal of High Energy Astrophysics aims to publish impactful and rigorous papers on high energy phenomena, including black holes, neutron stars, and supernovae. The journal offers free online access for all articles published in the first year.
Researchers from the University of Washington have discovered differences in dried filters from filter-feeding rays that allow them to be identified as either giant mantas or devil rays. The study provides valuable insights into the conservation of these gentle-natured rays, which are often hunted for their supposed health benefits. Th...
Researchers have explored using terahertz radiation to detect early signs of melanoma, which starts in pigment-producing cells beneath the skin. T-rays can penetrate a few millimeters through cloth and skin, allowing for biochemical signatures of cancer to be detected, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at A*STAR's Singapore Immunology Network have discovered a novel protein called Butyrophilin 3A1 that activates human gamma delta cells, which then coordinate an immune response to clear infections. This breakthrough opens doors to developing new treatments for cancer therapy and infectious diseases.
A Danish experiment, SKY2, shows that cosmic rays enhance cloud condensation nuclei formation, contradicting conventional chemical theory. The study suggests a new chemistry process supplying extra molecules to keep clusters growing, boosting the theory of cosmic rays' direct involvement in weather and climate.
Researchers have used data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory to identify new information about the origin of cosmic rays. The study provides new constraints for models explaining the acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays, with potential implications for understanding their impact on human DNA and electronics in space.
Fermi's extended mission will enable deeper studies of gamma-ray bursts, pulsars, and supermassive black holes. The telescope has already revealed giant bubbles above and below our galaxy, shedding light on the universe's most extraordinary phenomena.
A new gamma-activation analysis (GAA) technique can detect gold more accurately and quickly than traditional methods, allowing mining companies to recover small traces of gold worth millions of dollars. This could save the Australian mining industry hundreds of millions of dollars each year.
Researchers have identified a type of white blood cell in lampreys that resembles gamma delta T cells found in mammals and birds. The discovery suggests that distinct cells with similar functions may have existed in the last common vertebrate ancestor, providing insights into the evolutionary past.
The Firestation experiment will study the link between lightning and terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs), which are brief but intense bursts of gamma rays produced in Earth's atmosphere. The study aims to understand the cause and effect mechanisms behind TGFs and their relationship with lightning.
Scientists found gold in a short gamma-ray burst caused by the collision of two neutron stars. The team estimates that up to 10 moon masses of gold were created and ejected during this event.
The KASCADE-Grande experiment detected a bend in the energy spectrum of high-energy cosmic rays at different energies for light and heavy particles. The study reveals a flattening of the spectrum beyond the knee, indicating extragalactic acceleration, with the ankle structure appearing first in light primary particles.
Researchers used blazar observations to estimate the extragalactic background light (EBL) by measuring the attenuation of high-energy gamma rays. By applying this methodology to blazars at different distances, they were able to study EBL evolution and characterize its build-up over cosmic time.
Astronomers detected a record-breaking gamma-ray burst from a dying star in a distant galaxy, producing the highest-energy light ever recorded. The GRB, GRB 130427A, lasted for hours and was detectable by multiple telescopes on the ground and space-based observations.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine found that UVA induces progerin protein, accelerating skin aging, linked to genetic and environmental factors. Long-term exposure to UVA rays, particularly from tanning beds, accelerates photoaging by causing alternative splicing of the LaminA gene pre-mRNA.
Researchers set lower limit for blazar's redshift, indicating distance of at least 7.4 billion light-years, challenging current models of blazar emission mechanisms and extragalactic background light propagation.
The most distant known source of very high-energy gamma rays, PKS 1424+240, deviates from expected emission spectrum despite being detected at a great distance of over 7.4 billion light-years. The findings may indicate new insights into blazar emission mechanisms or the extragalactic background light.
A team of scientists has identified a new type of gamma-ray burst that lasts for several hours, challenging previous theories. The ultra-long bursts are thought to occur in the violent death throes of a supergiant star, with a massive explosion taking time to propagate through the star.
A new tool allows surgeons to track surgical devices in real-time while minimizing patient radiation exposure by using a computer program that determines the fewest number of X-rays needed. The algorithm takes into account the type of procedure and required precision, providing precise location data with minimal radiation use.
Three unusually long-lasting stellar explosions discovered by NASA's Swift satellite represent a previously unrecognized class of gamma-ray bursts. Dying supergiant stars hundreds of times larger than the sun are likely the cause, producing powerful jets that propel matter at nearly the speed of light.
Scientists at Florida Institute of Technology have developed a physics-based model to calculate radiation doses from intense gamma-ray bursts in thunderstorms. The model suggests that these bursts, known as terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, emit high-energy particles that can pose a radiation hazard to airplane passengers.
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) collaboration has released the first published results from its experiment on the International Space Station, measuring the ratio of positrons to electrons in cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. This key finding may eventually provide evidence for the existence of dark matter.
Researchers have developed nanoparticles that can be used to create scintillation devices capable of detecting a wide range of X-rays and gamma rays. The nanocomposite detectors showed promising results, but further refinement is needed to optimize their performance.
NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft has traveled beyond the influence of the Sun and exited the heliosphere, a region dominated by the Sun's wind. Anomalous cosmic rays dropped to less than 1% of previous amounts while galactic cosmic rays spiked to levels not seen since launch.
Researchers have discovered that a protein switch called Ebf2 determines the development of brown fat cells, which are thought to counteract obesity by burning excess energy. The study found that Ebf2 regulates the binding activity of PPAR-gamma, a protein that regulates differentiation of developing cell types.
The NASA grant will support the U.S. institutions in building lasers and monitoring equipment for calibrating the telescope's optics from around the globe. The Extreme Universe Space Observatory aims to discover the sources of ultra high-energy cosmic rays by observing their traces in the atmosphere.
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope's complex motion is visualized as a Spirograph-like pattern from the pulsar Vela. The pattern captures the spacecraft's 95-minute orbit around Earth and its precession, a slow circuit every 54 days. This data also shows the LAT's nodding pattern to capture the entire sky.
Scientists have found conclusive proof that supernova remnants accelerate cosmic rays to incredible speeds. The discovery was made using four years of data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and provides a key finding in the search for the sources of high-energy cosmic rays.
A new study offers conclusive evidence that cosmic ray protons within our galaxy are accelerated in the shock waves produced by supernovae. Researchers detected the spectral cutoff in the gamma ray spectrum due to the decay of neutral pions, connecting gamma rays to accelerated protons.
A new study confirms that cosmic rays are born in the violent aftermath of supernovas, exploding stars throughout the galaxy. Protons make up 90% of these particles, which are accelerated by shock waves and then decay into gamma-ray photons with distinctive signatures.
Researchers found a protective association between beta carotene and type-2 diabetes risk in individuals carrying a common genetic predisposition. In contrast, gamma tocopherol was linked to an increased risk of the disease. The study suggests that protein SLC30A4 may play a crucial role in insulin regulation.
Astronomers have found gamma-ray flares originating 70 light-years away from a galaxy's central black hole, contradicting the long-held theory that such events occur only close to the black hole. The 2011 flares from galaxy 4C +71.07 provide the clearest evidence of this phenomenon.
A new study using data from NASA's Swift satellite and Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope shows that high-speed jets launched from active black holes possess fundamental similarities regardless of mass, age or environment. The result provides a tantalizing hint that common physical processes are at work.
A team of astronomers has discovered an excess of X-ray radiation in the first few minutes of collapsing massive stars, potentially revealing the signature of the supernova shock wave. This breakthrough could enable the detection of new supernovae earlier than current methods, allowing for more precise monitoring and analysis.
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has improved its ability to detect terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, which are brief outbursts of high-energy light produced above thunderstorms. The enhanced detection rate revealed that TGFs also generate a strong burst of radio waves, changing how scientists study this phenomenon.
Using data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, scientists measured the most accurate amount of starlight in the universe and determined the extragalactic background light (EBL), also known as cosmic fog. The EBL is a fossil radiation field created by ancient starlight that continues to travel through the universe.
A team of scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics discovered a record-breaking millisecond pulsar, PSR J1311-3430, using a new data analysis method. The pulsar is accompanied by an unusual sub-stellar partner that it is vaporizing, earning it the nickname 'black widow'.
Sortilin plays a crucial role in transporting immune system substances, including interferon-gamma and granzyme A. In its absence, the immune system is weakened, but autoimmune diseases are reduced.
Researchers at the University of Iowa Health Care have discovered a new biological pathway that can be targeted to eliminate or reduce severe side effects of diabetes drugs. The study identified the Cullin-3 pathway as key to blood pressure-lowering effects, potentially leading to more specific and effective treatments.