A supercomputer simulation demonstrates that a collapsing massive star can generate enormous magnetic fields, focusing gas along the rotation axis to create jets producing oppositely directed blasts of highly energetic gamma rays. This breakthrough model sheds light on the process behind hypernovae and gamma-ray bursts.
A new gamma-ray spectroscope using europium-doped strontium iodide detects valuable minerals in asteroids, moons, and other celestial objects. The breakthrough technology enables accurate analysis of rock-forming elements and precious metals at lower costs and with reduced power requirements.
Astronomer Evan Kirby measures high concentration of dark matter in small dwarf galaxy Triangulum II, potentially making it a leading candidate for direct detection. The galaxy's unique characteristics and minimal background noise make it an ideal location to search for gamma-ray signals from colliding dark matter particles.
A new study found that gamma interferon, an FDA-approved drug, completely protects mice from death when given either before or up to 24 hours after exposure to Ebola. The treatment targets macrophages and blocks the infection of those initial cell targets, preventing a second round of infection.
Researchers using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope discovered a new gamma-ray pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud, breaking records for luminosity and age. The discovery was made after reanalyzing data from the telescope's Pass 8 process.
Swift has detected over 1,000 gamma-ray bursts, providing valuable insights into extreme physical processes. The most distant GRB recorded by Swift is from over 12 billion years ago, offering new opportunities to investigate how these events are distributed across space and time.
Researchers used an enormous X-ray laser to induce a phenomenon that doesn't occur under normal circumstances, resulting in a single higher-energetic X-ray photon. The findings may lead to new ways to diagnose matter in the future.
A newly discovered dwarf galaxy is radiating high-energy gamma rays, potentially pointing to the presence of dark matter. The detection was made using publicly available data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and has sparked excitement in the scientific community.
Researchers at the University of York have revealed a new understanding of nucleosynthesis in stars, providing insight into massive star evolution and the origins of the Solar System. By studying radioactive aluminium production, scientists can now better understand gamma radiation maps of the galaxy and simulate star behavior.
A new NASA-funded investigation found that radiation from solar events is too weak to cause concern at ground level. However, previous research suggested a possible connection between cosmic rays and the rate of birth defects.
The Low Risk Ankle Rule reduces unnecessary radiation exposure and healthcare costs for children with ankle injuries. Implementing the rule leads to a 22.9% decrease in x-ray orders and $36.93 less in healthcare costs.
Composite metal foams show promise in blocking X-rays, gamma rays, and neutron radiation for nuclear waste transport, spacecraft design, and medical technology. The high-Z steel-steel foam outperformed other materials at shielding against various forms of radiation.
Astronomers observed a record-setting flare from the blazar galaxy 3C 279, which became four times brighter than the brightest persistent source in the gamma-ray sky. The rapid fading of the flare was detected by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and other satellites.
A study reveals that a massive star's collapse may power ultra-long gamma-ray bursts with the help of magnetars, rewriting our understanding of these cosmic events. Researchers observed a rare case where a supernova was linked to an ultra-long GRB, finding evidence of a magnetar at the source.
Astronomers have observed a super-bright supernova associated with an ultra-long-lasting gamma-ray burst, lasting over half an hour. The supernova was 15 times brighter than usual, suggesting a massive star release of extra energy in its death process.
Scientists will observe the event from radio wavelengths to gamma rays, measuring the massive star's gravity and magnetic field. The pulsar's passage through the disk will trigger astrophysical fireworks, providing a probe for studying the system.
A Penn study found that natural genetic differences in DNA sequence can determine how an anti-diabetic drug works, shedding light on personalized approaches to treating diabetes and related disorders. The research suggests that genetic variations can affect drug response, which could lead to more effective treatments.
Astronomers monitor the outburst of V404 Cygni, a black hole firing up in an X-ray nova. The data collected will help determine the type of object at its heart, providing insights into these rare events.
Researchers at SLU's Center for Vaccine Development are studying gamma/delta T cells, a subset of T cells that recognize and fight TB. The goal is to develop a novel vaccine that could significantly reduce TB infection and disease.
A new NASA simulation reveals that dark matter particles colliding in a black hole can produce strong, potentially observable gamma-ray light. This detection could provide new insights into both black holes and the nature of dark matter.
Researchers have developed a new method to estimate distances to X-ray sources using the geometry of light echoes and dust clouds. By analyzing the timing and deflection of X-rays as they pass through interstellar space, astronomers can calculate the distance to Circinus X-1, a binary system located in the plane of the galaxy.
The Universities of Leicester and Nottingham are developing a mini hybrid gamma ray camera to improve the diagnosis of tumours and lymph nodes from patients' bedsides. This handheld 'hybrid' technology combines optical and gamma imaging, allowing for more accurate surgical cancer treatments and reducing mortality and morbidity.
A novel X-ray lens designed by DESY scientists has been successfully tested, producing sharper and brighter images of the nano world. The lens employs a unique concept to redirect X-rays over a wide range of angles, enabling high convergence power and resolving smaller details.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have created a record high number of positrons using lasers, which could help study gamma-ray bursts and extreme astrophysical processes. The team used three laser systems to produce nearly a trillion positrons, opening opportunities for antimatter research.
The discovery fills a gap between ordinary supernovae and those that produce powerful gamma-ray bursts. Supernova 2012ap has characteristics expected of a gamma-ray burst, yet no such burst occurred.
Scientists have made significant discoveries about the Sun's behavior in soft X-rays, shedding light on heating mechanisms and coronal composition. The study found that nanoflares, tiny explosions on the Sun, could be responsible for increased soft X-ray emissions, which also affects space weather events near Earth.
The HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory is equipped with 300 detectors spread over three football fields to detect gamma rays and cosmic rays. It will study active galactic nuclei, gamma ray bursts, and the nature of cosmic rays.
A study led by Drs. Kelleher and Shen discovered that presenilin-1 mutations decrease gamma-secretase activity, leading to age-dependent death of neurons and neurodegeneration. The findings may transform the way scientists design drugs for inherited Alzheimer's disease.
The discovery of enormous radiation bubbles in the Milky Way's center may hold clues to understanding the galaxy's past and potentially revealing dark matter. Studies of these Fermi bubbles could offer insight into the history of our galaxy, including the activity of its black hole.
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) has detected three powerful gamma-ray sources in the Large Magellanic Cloud, including a pulsar wind nebula and a supernova remnant. These discoveries provide new insights into the formation of cosmic structures and the evolution of galaxies.
Astronomers witness billowing clouds of gas towering above and below the plane of our galaxy, driven by a titanic eruption in the galactic core. The Hubble Space Telescope measures velocity and composition of the mystery lobes, revealing unique information about the expanding gas.
A study found that radiologist recommendations for chest computed tomography (CT) after abnormal chest X-rays have a high clinical yield, with 41.4% of recommended exams detecting cancer or other abnormalities requiring treatment.
Scientists analyzed 2,279 TGFs detected by Fermi's GBM to identify the types of thunderstorms involved and their atmospheric conditions. They found that any thunderstorm can produce gamma rays, even weak ones, and that storm intensity is not a key factor in TGF production.
A study found that approximately 88% of pediatric chest X-ray exams did not alter clinical treatment, highlighting potential waste in the healthcare system. In cases where patients were ordered for symptoms like syncope or dizziness, no findings were made that affected treatment over a five-year period.
Researchers at Cardiff University are exploring a new method to detect the origins of gamma-ray bursts using giant space 'microphones' that can pick up gravitational waves created by black holes. By analyzing these waves, scientists may uncover information about the mass and collision history of star and black hole systems.
New research reveals that gut bacteria convert red meat's L-carnitine into trimethylamine-N-oxide, a compound promoting atherosclerosis. Gamma-butyrobetaine, another metabolite produced by gut bacteria, also contributes to cardiovascular risk.
Dr. Nicole McLaughlin is conducting a first-of-its-kind study on patients with OCD undergoing gamma knife radiosurgery to measure brain connectivity before and after the procedure. The goal is to understand the neural mechanisms of therapeutic change and develop novel therapies for OCD and related anxiety disorders.
A team of researchers, led by Michigan State University astronomer Laura Chomiuk, has discovered the location where a nova explosion emitted gamma rays. Using highly detailed radio telescope images, they pinpointed the source to a stellar explosion, which may be common in other nova explosions.
High-resolution radio-telescope images have revealed the locations where a stellar explosion called a nova emitted gamma rays, a previously mystifying phenomenon. The discovery also provided insights into the probable mechanism of gamma-ray emissions in other nova explosions.
An international team of astronomers observed a nova explosion using radio telescopes combining data from hundreds to thousands of kilometers apart. They discovered how the gamma-ray emissions are produced, a phenomenon that mystified scientists when first observed in 2012.
Brown University neuroscientists report that they have directly controlled the cells producing gamma brainwaves in mice, resulting in increased touch sensitivity. The study confirms the first direct evidence of gamma brainwaves affecting perception and attention, suggesting a more complex role for these brainwaves than previously thought.
NASA's Fermi and Aqua satellites captured two distinct views of Hurricane Julio as it intensified: a gamma-ray flash produced by the powerful electric fields in thunderstorms, and a more structurally organized storm. These findings provide insights into the complex relationship between thunderstorms and hurricane dynamics.
Researchers investigated how neurons in the inferior colliculus respond to paired sounds producing precedence-effect illusions. After local GABA application, responses to lagging stimuli were suppressed, providing a potential new approach for improving speech perception in patients with hearing aids under background noise.
Novae are sudden, short-lived brightenings of stars caused by thermonuclear explosions on white dwarf surfaces. NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected gamma-rays from these events, showing they release up to 100,000 times the annual energy output of the sun.
Researchers used the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to discover high-energy gamma rays emitted by an exploding star. The surprising finding dispels the notion that classical nova explosions lack the power to produce such radiation.
A NASA-funded X-ray instrument has confirmed that a region of million-degree interstellar plasma known as the local hot bubble is the main source of a foggy glow observed over the entire sky. The study also establishes upper limits on soft X-rays produced within our planetary system by solar wind.
Astrocytes play a vital role in controlling gamma oscillations, which are essential for higher-level brain function and memory. The study found that disabling astrocytes disrupts gamma waves and impairs novel object recognition memory.
Three plant-derived compounds, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid, have been found to protect human skin cells from gamma radiation-induced damage during cancer radiotherapy. The compounds reduced reactive oxygen species and DNA damage by up to 40% and 15%, respectively.
Astronomers have observed a unique transformation of a binary system containing a rapidly spinning neutron star. The system, known as AY Sextantis, underwent a dramatic change in behavior, with the pulsar's radio beacon vanishing and its gamma-ray emission increasing fivefold.
Researchers detected striking similarities between a recent gamma-ray burst and the expected features from the first stars in the universe. The ultra-long burst is thought to be caused by an explosion from a blue supergiant star, providing evidence for this class of objects.
Researchers at the Telescope Array observatory detected a disproportionate number of high-energy cosmic rays emanating from a specific area in the northern sky. The discovery provides a promising lead in identifying the sources of these enigmatic particles, which are believed to originate from beyond our galaxy.
Researchers tracked Chilean devil rays using satellite tags, finding they dive as deep as 2,000 meters in search of food. The study reveals a new link between the surface and deep ocean, shedding light on these majestic creatures' habits.
Researchers used novel tools to examine how manta rays use Palmyra's lagoons as breeding grounds and feeding areas, finding that food is a key driver of their presence. The study highlights the importance of protecting lagoons from human disturbance and habitat degradation to conserve this vulnerable species.
The HZB team has developed novel 3D X-ray optics, enabling sharper imaging with improved resolution. The new optics capture more light and can be stacked on top of each other to achieve even better results.
Scientists have used ALMA to detect radio emission from molecular gas in two dark LGRB hosts, revealing a dust-rich environment with low molecular gas levels. This supports the hypothesis that dust absorbs afterglow radiation, causing dark gamma-ray bursts.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have found that gamma and neutron imaging are safe for use in diagnostics, delivering radiation doses comparable to conventional medical imaging. The study aims to develop new imaging technologies to detect disease in its earliest stages.
Scientists have observed a gamma-ray burst from a huge explosion that occurred shortly after the Big Bang, with light traveling 12.1 billion years before detection. The event, known as GRB 140419A, released more energy in 10 seconds than our sun's expected lifespan.
Astronomers have found evidence that two classes of blazars represent different sides of the same cosmic coin, with one class being a gas-guzzling car and the other an energy-efficient electric vehicle. The team's redshift survey revealed that FSRQs began to decline while BL Lacs increased in numbers around 5.6 billion years ago.
A new Northwestern University study reveals that high gamma-tocopherol levels, found in soybean, corn, and canola oils, are associated with decreased lung function and increased asthma risk. In contrast, alpha-tocopherol, found in olive and sunflower oils, is linked to better lung function.
Researchers investigated how neurons in the inferior colliculus respond to paired sounds producing precedence-effect illusions. Local gamma-aminobutyric acid application suppressed responses to lagging stimuli, providing a new approach for improving speech understanding in patients with hearing aids under background noise.