Articles tagged with Chemotherapy
The NRG-GOG 0258 trial showed that carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy alone resulted in comparable recurrence-free survival rates compared to combined modality treatment. The study found a reduced incidence of vaginal, pelvic, and para-aortic lymph node recurrences but increased distant recurrences with combined modality treatment.
Researchers from the University of Notre Dame have developed small drug-targeting molecules that can deliver potent drugs to desired sites of disease, including cancer. The molecules use a 'homing' cue to attract drug molecules to sites bearing a tumor, reducing toxic side effects.
Scientists have created a hydrogel that attracts chemotherapy drugs to tumors in mice, reducing side effects caused by the drugs acting on healthy cells. The approach uses cucurbituril to target therapies to a tumor, resulting in improved treatment outcomes and reduced toxicity.
A study led by Northwestern University found that radiation combined with chemotherapy did not increase recurrence-free survival in women with stage III/IVA endometrial cancer. Chemotherapy alone remains the standard of care for this type of cancer.
SMU researchers develop a new approach to treat drug-resistant prostate cancer cells using a protein inhibitor and chemotherapy. The method shows promising results, increasing sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics without harming healthy cells.
Scientists have discovered a small molecule drug that can stop cancer cells from becoming resistant to chemotherapy. The compound, JH-RE-06, works by thwarting cancer's ability to survive and adapt to DNA damage caused by traditional chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin.
Researchers discovered a compound that blocks a DNA repair pathway, increasing cell killing with cisplatin and preventing mutations. In mouse models, tumors shrank more when treated with the combination of the compound and cisplatin, suggesting improved treatment outcomes.
A Phase II clinical trial conducted at MD Anderson Cancer Center revealed an 84.6% overall response rate and 38.5% complete response rate when combination targeted therapy was given prior to chemotherapy for newly diagnosed patients with a specific type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The findings suggest that patients who respond to...
A pre-specified secondary analysis of the TAILORx trial found that assessing a woman's recurrence risk based on classic clinical features adds prognostic information complementary to the 21-gene Recurrence Score test. This integration may help identify young women who can forego chemotherapy and those who may benefit from more effectiv...
The study found that partial breast irradiation (PBI) is more convenient than whole breast irradiation (WBI) for women with breast cancer who do not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. PBI participants reported less fatigue and were rated more convenient, but experienced slightly poorer cosmesis compared to WBI.
A new clinical trial shows that immunotherapy pembrolizumab is more effective than standard aggressive chemotherapy in treating people with recurrent head and neck cancer. The combination of pembrolizumab with platinum chemotherapy extended survival by 3.7 months, while the immunotherapy alone showed improved survival rates compared to...
A recent analysis of NRG Oncology/RTOG 9802 data suggests that both IDH-mutant subgroups of high-risk low-grade gliomas may benefit from the addition of PCV chemotherapy to radiotherapy. This finding is significant, as it enhances prognostic and predictive clarification of patients with low-grade glioma.
The study's primary endpoint showed that the total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) approach was safe, associated with high rates of chemotherapy completion (>90%), but did not demonstrate a significant improvement in reducing cancer presence at surgery. Veliparib addition resulted in more side effects and reduced chemoradiation completion, y...
Researchers developed COXEN, a predictive tool that analyzes gene expression to predict response to chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients. The trial showed COXEN's ability to predict response using Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (GC) biomarker.
A novel protocol combining intensive chemotherapy, radiation therapy and blood-pressure drug losartan has allowed complete removal of tumors in 61% of participants with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The treatment significantly improved survival rates and was found to activate immune system pathways.
A study at Children's National Hospital has successfully cryopreserved testicular tissue from 189 males, offering a potential fertility preservation option for younger boys. The research found undifferentiated spermatogonia in the testicular tissues of patients who had not yet received an ablative dose of therapy.
Researchers used genetically modified fruit flies to test candidate treatments for a patient with KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer. The approach identified trametinib plus zoledronate as a promising combination that prolonged survival and reduced targeted tumors.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have developed metal-organic trefoil knots, which can deliver metals to cancer cells and induce oxidative stress. These nanoscale molecules showed high potency in vitro and in vivo against six cancer cell lines and zebrafish embryos.
A Cancer Research UK-funded study found that less chemotherapy is as effective at controlling disease for elderly or frail patients with advanced stomach or oesophagus cancer. The study showed that lower doses of chemotherapy resulted in fewer side effects and improved quality of life.
Researchers developed molecules from the immune system of a parasitic sea lamprey that can deliver anti-cancer drugs directly to brain tumors. The matrix-targeting strategy allows drugs to accumulate in the extracellular matrix, sidestepping cell membrane problems and potentially increasing therapeutic doses.
A global study predicts a 53% rise in chemotherapy demand by 2040, with an estimated 15 million patients needing treatment annually. The study recommends expanding the chemotherapy workforce to 100,000 physicians by 2040 to deliver optimal treatment.
A recent clinical trial at the Stephenson Cancer Center found that patients with stage two, three, or four ovarian cancer can expect about 75 months of survival when their tumors are completely removed. The treatment regimen that caused fewer difficult side effects was just as effective as those with more severe side effects.
Researchers found that omitting chemotherapy in HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer can significantly shorten progression-free survival but not overall survival. The PERNETTA trial suggests that targeted therapy alone may be safe for patients with low-to-intermediate tumour burden.
A new multigene test called EndoPredict has been found to predict chemotherapy benefit in women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. The test was successful in identifying patients who would benefit from chemotherapy and those who could opt out of the treatment.
Patients with advanced HER2-negative breast cancer treated with continuous chemotherapy showed improved survival rates and maintained quality of life compared to intermittent scheduling. The study also found that treatment holidays had a negative impact on physical quality of life scores, with a clinically meaningful decline at 24 months.
Researchers found that radiotherapy after chemotherapy improved survival in patients with large tumours, with a 7-10% survival benefit at three and five years. This trial suggests that radiotherapy should be considered for these patients to balance cure rates with toxic side effects.
A clinical trial has shown that targeted therapy tagraxofusp is effective in treating blastic plasmacytoid dendritic-cell neoplasm (BPDCN), a rare and aggressive blood cancer. The therapy, which targets the CD123 protein, has been approved by the FDA for use in BPDCN patients.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have made breakthroughs in identifying who will benefit from chemotherapy using artificial intelligence and radiomics. The studies focused on markers outside the tumor that can indicate treatment response, providing hope for personalized medicine and improved patient outcomes.
Triple negative breast cancer cells can temporarily turn on molecular pathways protecting them from chemotherapy, making them vulnerable to targeted therapy IACS-10759. This discovery offers a new treatment option for resistant TNBC patients.
Researchers have discovered that small molecule compounds can alter the spatial organization of the genome, potentially leading to new epigenetic cancer drugs. This breakthrough opens up a promising approach to treat cancer by changing the 3D genome structure.
Researchers have identified chromogranin A as a key regulator of cardiotoxic and antitumor activities of Doxorubicin, a widely used cancer drug. Monitoring plasma levels of CgA before and after chemotherapy may provide prognostic information on drug-related cardiotoxicity.
A USC study found that despite substantial media attention, most cancer drugs in shortage had little to no effect on chemotherapy treatment. Researchers analyzed over 2.4 million claims and found minimal change in treatment for the majority of oncology drugs during shortages.
Researchers found that rucaparib reduced tumor size and controlled growth in 17 out of 19 patients with BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2 mutations. The study provides promising early evidence for this approach as a less toxic option.
A Mayo Clinic study found that extended chemotherapy, a normal CA 19-9 tumor marker, and a dead tumor after surgery can significantly increase survival time for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The study achieved an average survival time of 58.8 months, or nearly five years.
Researchers at the University of California, Riverside found that surgery is associated with a 44% increased chance of survival for patients with HER2-positive stage 4 breast cancer. The study suggests that surgery should be considered as part of treatment, particularly for women with Medicare or private insurance.
A retrospective cohort study found that surgery was associated with a 44% increased chance of survival for women with HER2+ stage 4 breast cancer, especially those with Medicare or private insurance. The study also revealed disparities in healthcare access and outcomes due to race and socioeconomic factors.
A subgroup of patients with advanced BRCA- or PALB2-mutated pancreatic cancer showed sustained clinical responses to rucaparib, a PARP inhibitor. The treatment provided complete or partial responses and reduced tumor size in some instances.
A phase III clinical trial found gilteritinib superior to standard chemotherapy in improving overall survival for patients with relapsed or refractory AML harboring a FLT3 mutation. Gilteritinib's relatively low toxicity enables outpatient management, shifting the treatment paradigm.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a targeted drug gilteritinib that helps patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia live longer. The trial showed significant survival benefits and well-tolerated side effects, offering a new treatment option for high-risk patients.
Researchers found that tumor-associated macrophages release compounds that block the action of gemcitabine in malignant cells. The study suggests that patients with fewer macrophages in their tumors may respond better to chemotherapy. This discovery could lead to new approaches for treatment.
Researchers developed dual-complementary liposomes loaded with doxorubicin to target ICAM1 and EGFR receptors, achieving 40% reduction in tumor growth and no lung metastasis development. The treatment showed significantly improved survival without liver or kidney toxicity.
Researchers have developed a system to target specific cells in the brain using an approved anti-smoking drug, varenicline. This technology, called chemogenetics, allows for precise modulation of neural activity, which could lead to more effective treatments for conditions like epilepsy and pain.
Researchers designed engineered ion-channels activated by low doses of varenicline to study cell activation and silencing in live animals. The new toolset, tested in mice and a monkey, showed promise for silencing neurons and inducing behavioral changes.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered a method to forecast which breast cancer patients will experience heart problems from trastuzumab, a commonly used chemotherapy drug. A class of medications already approved by the FDA may mitigate these side effects.
A new experimental drug, 673A, targets and annihilates stem-like ovarian cancer cells that cause recurrence. The treatment, combined with chemotherapy, resulted in significantly greater survival rates in a mouse model of ovarian cancer.
The NRG Oncology trial suggests adding docetaxel-based chemotherapy to standard treatment should be considered for men with high-risk prostate cancer. The study found improved overall survival, disease-free survival, and reduced rates of distant metastases.
Researchers from Osaka University developed a tiny DNA reader using microscopic probes and an electrical current to locate anticancer drug molecules. The technology successfully identified individual molecules in short DNA strands, pinpointing exact insertion sites of trifluridine.
Researchers have found no rebound of HIV in two patients who stopped taking their medication after receiving stem cell transplants, providing crucial insights into the potential mechanisms of cure. The transplanted donor cells had a gene defect that made it difficult for HIV to infect cells, offering new hope for developing a cure.
Researchers at UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine discovered genetic flags in 17% of tumors indicating susceptibility to existing chemotherapy drugs. The study's findings could lead to personalized treatment approaches for pancreatic cancer patients, increasing survival rates.
Despite the risks, many health care workers do not use recommended personal protective equipment when handling chemotherapy. A study from Michigan Medicine found that nurses who reported handling hazardous drugs had twice the risk of reproductive problems.
A study published in Annals of Oncology found that one course of chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery does not have a long-term effect on sperm count and concentration in men with early stage testicular cancer. Sperm number and concentration recovered in all groups up to five years after treatment.
A new study using PET scans has identified a biomarker that predicts which women with HER2-positive breast cancer may benefit from standalone HER2-targeted agents without chemotherapy. Researchers found that patients with low sugar levels on PET scans at two weeks after treatment had the potential to be spared chemotherapy, indicating ...
A new AI using Network Analysis has identified nausea as a central symptom impacting various networks of cancer symptoms during chemotherapy. This analysis could help plan treatment and manage symptoms for future patients.
Researchers at CNIC identified a very early marker of cardiac damage in patients undergoing anthracycline therapy, allowing for early diagnosis and potential prevention of irreversible damage. The discovery has implications for patient prognosis and may lead to new therapies based on mitochondrial transplantation.
Researchers conducted an extensive comparison of all drugs used in neuroendocrine tumor treatment, guiding physicians through available options. Combination therapies showed high efficacy, but were often underrepresented in international guidelines.
A new experimental antibiotic AN12855 has been shown to be more effective against tuberculosis than isoniazid, a decades-old drug. In mouse studies, the new drug demonstrated a much lower tendency to develop resistance and remained in tissues where Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria reside for longer, killing them more effectively.
Researchers have identified a therapy derived from parasitic worms that can downregulate proinflammatory pathways and reduce inflammation caused by chemotherapy. The treatment, IPSE, targets the source of inflammation, reversing damage to the bladder lining.
University of Alberta researchers have discovered a way to make chemotherapy more effective against cancer while blocking its harmful side effects on the heart. By stabilizing a specific metabolic protein, they were able to prevent heart damage and enhance tumor regression in preclinical mouse models.
Scientists have discovered how DNA topoisomerase II and CKII enzymes in fission yeast interact to promote cell growth, a mechanism that may be similar in human cancer cells. Inhibiting these enzymes could lead to new cancer treatments.
Researchers discovered how a metallodrug reaches cancer cells and attacks them efficiently. The molecule penetrates the cell membrane and targets essential organelles, leading to anticancer activity.