Articles tagged with Chemotherapy
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Researchers designed engineered ion-channels activated by low doses of varenicline to study cell activation and silencing in live animals. The new toolset, tested in mice and a monkey, showed promise for silencing neurons and inducing behavioral changes.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered a method to forecast which breast cancer patients will experience heart problems from trastuzumab, a commonly used chemotherapy drug. A class of medications already approved by the FDA may mitigate these side effects.
Researchers have developed a system to target specific cells in the brain using an approved anti-smoking drug, varenicline. This technology, called chemogenetics, allows for precise modulation of neural activity, which could lead to more effective treatments for conditions like epilepsy and pain.
The NRG Oncology trial suggests adding docetaxel-based chemotherapy to standard treatment should be considered for men with high-risk prostate cancer. The study found improved overall survival, disease-free survival, and reduced rates of distant metastases.
A new experimental drug, 673A, targets and annihilates stem-like ovarian cancer cells that cause recurrence. The treatment, combined with chemotherapy, resulted in significantly greater survival rates in a mouse model of ovarian cancer.
Researchers from Osaka University developed a tiny DNA reader using microscopic probes and an electrical current to locate anticancer drug molecules. The technology successfully identified individual molecules in short DNA strands, pinpointing exact insertion sites of trifluridine.
Researchers have found no rebound of HIV in two patients who stopped taking their medication after receiving stem cell transplants, providing crucial insights into the potential mechanisms of cure. The transplanted donor cells had a gene defect that made it difficult for HIV to infect cells, offering new hope for developing a cure.
Researchers at UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine discovered genetic flags in 17% of tumors indicating susceptibility to existing chemotherapy drugs. The study's findings could lead to personalized treatment approaches for pancreatic cancer patients, increasing survival rates.
Despite the risks, many health care workers do not use recommended personal protective equipment when handling chemotherapy. A study from Michigan Medicine found that nurses who reported handling hazardous drugs had twice the risk of reproductive problems.
A study published in Annals of Oncology found that one course of chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery does not have a long-term effect on sperm count and concentration in men with early stage testicular cancer. Sperm number and concentration recovered in all groups up to five years after treatment.
A new study using PET scans has identified a biomarker that predicts which women with HER2-positive breast cancer may benefit from standalone HER2-targeted agents without chemotherapy. Researchers found that patients with low sugar levels on PET scans at two weeks after treatment had the potential to be spared chemotherapy, indicating ...
A new AI using Network Analysis has identified nausea as a central symptom impacting various networks of cancer symptoms during chemotherapy. This analysis could help plan treatment and manage symptoms for future patients.
Researchers at CNIC identified a very early marker of cardiac damage in patients undergoing anthracycline therapy, allowing for early diagnosis and potential prevention of irreversible damage. The discovery has implications for patient prognosis and may lead to new therapies based on mitochondrial transplantation.
Researchers conducted an extensive comparison of all drugs used in neuroendocrine tumor treatment, guiding physicians through available options. Combination therapies showed high efficacy, but were often underrepresented in international guidelines.
A new experimental antibiotic AN12855 has been shown to be more effective against tuberculosis than isoniazid, a decades-old drug. In mouse studies, the new drug demonstrated a much lower tendency to develop resistance and remained in tissues where Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria reside for longer, killing them more effectively.
Researchers have identified a therapy derived from parasitic worms that can downregulate proinflammatory pathways and reduce inflammation caused by chemotherapy. The treatment, IPSE, targets the source of inflammation, reversing damage to the bladder lining.
University of Alberta researchers have discovered a way to make chemotherapy more effective against cancer while blocking its harmful side effects on the heart. By stabilizing a specific metabolic protein, they were able to prevent heart damage and enhance tumor regression in preclinical mouse models.
Scientists have discovered how DNA topoisomerase II and CKII enzymes in fission yeast interact to promote cell growth, a mechanism that may be similar in human cancer cells. Inhibiting these enzymes could lead to new cancer treatments.
Researchers discovered how a metallodrug reaches cancer cells and attacks them efficiently. The molecule penetrates the cell membrane and targets essential organelles, leading to anticancer activity.
A study of 28,000 childhood cancer survivors found that exposure to different anthracycline chemotherapies results in variable long-term cardiovascular risk. Specifically, daunorubicin was associated with decreased cardiomyopathy risk compared to doxorubicin, while mitoxantrone appeared to have greater long-term cardiomyopathy risk.
A genetically modified virus injection into tumor has effectively treated almost 40 percent of patients with metastatic melanoma. The treatment, talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC), stimulates the immune system to attack cancer cells, leading to a complete local response rate of 39 percent in stage IIIB disease.
A study in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy found that providing more information about how doctors prescribe drugs can reduce problems associated with overprescription. Between 2012 and 2017, there was a notable decrease of 14% in antibiotic prescriptions in England.
Researchers developed a virus-based therapy VCN-01 that targets retinoblastoma, a tumor affecting mainly children, by infecting cancer cells with a dysfunctional RB1 pathway. The treatment successfully replicated in tumor cells without causing systemic inflammation and extended time to enucleation compared to chemotherapy.
A new study led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that high-risk leukemia patients did not experience improved long-term survival with bone marrow transplantation. Treatment guided by measuring minimal residual disease was associated with better outcomes, with 58% of patients becoming long-term survivors.
Researchers have identified two functional populations of hematopoietic stem cells: 'primed' and 'reserve', which act under normal conditions and during times of stress, respectively. The reserve cells are protected by N-cadherin+ bone-lining cells, which provide survival factors to support their function.
A team of researchers at the University of Zurich has determined the three-dimensional structure of the receptor that causes nausea and vomiting as a result of cancer chemotherapy. They found that effective drugs like EmendTM and AkynzeoTM alter the receptor's structure, allowing for long-lasting attachment and effective treatment.
Researchers found that cigarette smoking was associated with poor response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. Current smokers were also at a higher risk of cancer recurrence compared to former and never smokers, according to the study published in BJU International.
Researchers have developed a 'drug sponge' that can absorb up to 64% of chemotherapy drugs from the bloodstream, potentially reducing toxic side effects. The technology uses an absorbent polymer coating on a 3D-printed cylinder inserted into a vein, which sops up excess drugs before they reach other organs.
Scientists have created a 3D-printed device that can absorb excess chemotherapy drugs from a patient's bloodstream before they spread to healthy cells. The device captured about 64% of doxorubicin, a commonly used chemotherapy drug, reducing the likelihood of side effects such as hair loss and nausea.
Researchers found that chemotherapy can induce tumors to release exosomes containing a protein that stimulates immune cells to attract cancerous cells, leading to metastasis. Neutralizing this protein or blocking immune cells may improve the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Researchers analyzed US population-based cancer registry data and found a significant increased risk of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy for most solid tumors. The risk was highest for certain types of cancer, such as lung, ovary, breast, and testis cancers.
The review examines chemotherapeutic drugs that bind to plasma proteins, such as cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and ruthenium-based compounds. These drugs interact with key plasma protease inhibitors, altering their function and inactivating them.
Researchers created a patient-specific tumor 'organoid' model to identify the most effective treatment for each tumor. The study successfully generated organoids for nine out of 12 patients, demonstrating the potential for personalized medicine.
The MYSTIC trial found that first line immunotherapy combination with durvalumab and tremelimumab does not improve overall survival in unselected patients with lung cancer. However, a subgroup of patients with high tumour mutational burden showed improved overall survival with the combination treatment.
Researchers at John Innes Centre discovered the two-step process by which catnip produces nepetalactone, a terpene that sends cats into ecstasy. This process may help recreate useful medicines, including vinblastine and vincristine, more efficiently.
A multigene test used in breast cancer treatment helps doctors decide on chemotherapy, improving prognosis and reducing unnecessary treatments. The study found that patients with high-risk tumors had a five-fold increased risk of metastases and lower disease-free survival rates without chemotherapy.
A phase III trial found that using circulating tumor cell count to guide treatment choice can lead to a significant gain in overall survival. Patients with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who received chemotherapy based on high CTC counts had better progression-free and overall survival rates.
A new EU Horizon 2020 project aims to produce therapeutic substances in baker's yeast, providing an eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods. Researchers will map the biosynthetic pathways of Indian snakeroot to create a sustainable production route.
A Stanford study found that methotrexate damages brain cells, leading to cognitive impairment. Researchers identified a potential remedy and hope to improve treatment for cancer survivors struggling with debilitating side effects.
A new study published in a medical journal found that black women with early-stage breast cancer have worse outcomes than white women, even after receiving the same treatment. The study analyzed data from over 10,000 patients and found that black women had a lower survival rate and higher recurrence of invasive breast cancer.
A recent study found that adding adjuvant capecitabine to standard treatment did not significantly improve disease-free or overall survival for patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. However, a subset of patients with nonbasal-like disease showed a significant benefit from capecitabine.
A phase III trial found T-DM1 significantly reduced invasive disease-free survival risk in patients with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer and residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. The treatment also showed promise in reducing recurrence risk across various subgroups of patients.
A retrospective study found that patients with triple-negative breast cancer who delayed starting adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly higher risk of disease recurrence and death. The study suggests that initiating chemotherapy within 30 days after surgery is crucial for improving disease-free and overall survival rates.
Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with lower recurrence risk and higher overall survival in breast cancer patients. The association between pCR and outcomes was similar among those who received additional adjuvant chemotherapy versus those who did not.
A clinical trial led by CNIO's Luis Paz-Ares showed that immunotherapy significantly increases patient survival when administered alongside conventional chemotherapy. This opens the door to investigate its effectiveness in early stages of the disease.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute present positive results from clinical trials of CAR T-cell therapy and immunotherapy for patients with leukemia and lymphoma. The studies show that Yescarta provides durable benefit to lymphoma patients, while pembrolizumab achieves long-lasting responses in patients with an aggressive form ...
A randomized clinical trial found immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab more effective than standard chemotherapy in treating chemotherapy-resistant head and neck cancer. Patients receiving pembrolizumab had a higher response rate with longer-lasting responses compared to those on standard therapy.
A new combination of venetoclax with standard drugs azacitidine or decitabine has been granted accelerated approval for treating elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The trial showed a 67% overall response rate, with improved efficacy and tolerability compared to traditional hypomethylating agents.
A new combination treatment of venetoclax and azacitidine has shown a 91 percent response rate in older adults with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The treatment has been associated with no more side effects than the use of azacitidine alone, and patients with IDH mutations have experienced long-lasting responses.
A Chinese scientist designed a DNA origami nanoplatform that carries chemotherapeutic drugs and RNA interference to target and kill multidrug-resistant cancer cells. The platform demonstrates the effectiveness of RNA interference in reducing drug resistance in cancer treatment.
Purdue University researchers have developed a technology that uses nanoparticles to target cancerous cells and tumors, providing more effective and safer chemotherapy treatment. The method has been tested on breast cancer and melanoma models and shows promise for treating various types of cancerous tumors.
Researchers found two genomic tests, MammaPrint and BluePrint, can predict patient response to new treatments. These tests identified subgroups of patients with high-risk tumours more likely to respond to specific therapies.
A Phase II study found a combination of azacitidine and nivolumab therapy resulted in a 33% overall response rate and 22% complete remission rate for patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. The drug combination was particularly effective in patients who had not previously received hypomethylating agents, with an overa...
Researchers at Georgia Tech developed an open source decision support tool using machine learning to analyze RNA expression tied to patient outcomes with specific drugs. The system predicted the chemotherapy drug that had provided the best outcome 80 percent of the time, and its accuracy could improve with additional patient records.
A study by Washington State University researchers suggests that inhibiting CDK2 activity can alleviate chemotherapy-induced heart damage in rodents. The finding could be used to develop treatment strategies and drugs to reduce heart disease risk in cancer survivors, particularly those treated with doxorubicin.
A study published in Cell Stem Cell found that the PPM1D gene confers a survival advantage to blood cells exposed to chemotherapy, potentially favoring the development of secondary leukemia. The research suggests that the presence of this gene and other mutations should be considered when choosing chemotherapies.
The ESRF cryo-electron microscope has achieved significant results in its first year, publishing research on the 5-HT3 serotonin receptor. The study revealed the receptor's activation cycle and binding pockets, providing crucial information for developing antinausea drugs.
Researchers at George Washington University found cold therapy to be the most effective preventative intervention for taxane-induced dermatologic events, followed by urea-based creams for hand/foot side effects. Cold caps and scalp cooling systems also showed promise in preventing hair loss and skin/toxicity events.
A small study found that rose geranium oil spray in sesame oil base helped reduce the severity of nasal vestibulitis symptoms, which are common side effects of chemotherapy. The oil was used by 20 women on chemotherapy, with most reporting moderate to substantial benefits.
Researchers discovered that chemotherapy drug paclitaxel can also activate a key cellular receptor in the innate immune system, reactivating the patient's immune response to combat tumors. This finding opens up new prospects for cancer treatment strategies, including immunotherapy and adjuvant therapy.