Articles tagged with Chemotherapy
Researchers at IKBFU identified spirocycles as a building block of organic molecules with potential for medical chemistry development. These naturally occurring compounds, such as artemisinin, exhibit biocompatibility and have inspired the synthesis of new medicinal compounds.
A Mayo Clinic study of 5,540 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer found that maintenance chemotherapy after initial treatment is more beneficial for patients whose disease is under control. The preferred regimen is fluoropyrimidine with or without bevacizumab, according to the analysis.
A new study led by Christine B. Ambrosone found that breast cancer patients taking antioxidants during chemotherapy had a 41% increased risk of disease recurrence and a similar but weaker risk of death. Patients using vitamin B12, iron, and omega-3 fatty acid supplements also showed poorer outcomes.
A metabolic inhibitor called OSI-027 induces catastrophic macropinocytosis in human cancer cells, reducing tumor growth when combined with chemotherapy. The study suggests that targeting the mTOR pathway may be an effective approach to treat drug-resistant cancers.
Researchers found that women who used ibuprofen or naproxen had a 40% reduced breast cancer risk, while aspirin use offered no benefit. Young women with HER2-positive breast cancer may preserve fertility by choosing less intensive chemotherapy regimens.
Salk researchers found that mitochondria trigger molecular alarms when cells are stressed, which can lead to increased resistance to chemotherapy. This discovery may pave the way for new cancer treatments that target mitochondrial stress.
Blinatumomab treatment demonstrates longer survival, fewer severe side effects, and higher undetectable residual disease rates compared to standard chemotherapy for children with high- or intermediate-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study shows promising results as a bridge to curative bone marrow transplant.
A new combination therapy of lower-dose chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies has shown a 98% response rate in older patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The three-year survival rate was 54%, with 30 patients in complete remission without signs of minimal residual disease.
A study by Dana-Farber researchers suggests that adding venetoclax to a reduced-intensity drug regimen prior to stem cell transplant can increase the chances of transplant success. The treatment has been found to be safe and does not impair donor cells' ability to engraft in recipients.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati developed a new treatment for glioblastoma multiforme using coaxial electrospinning, which delivers a potent dose of medicine immediately or over time. The treatment improved survival rates in three separate animal trials and holds promise for other types of cancer.
A study published in SPIE Journal of Biomedical Optics found that diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can reliably discriminate between healthy tissue and tumor tissue, regardless of neoadjuvant chemotherapy status. The technique's feasibility for tumor-margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery has been demonstrated.
Researchers have created a new technique to deliver chemotherapy directly to malignant cells, bypassing healthy ones. This discovery could allow doctors to reduce chemo doses and alleviate side effects, improving treatment outcomes.
The study found that API-5 is overexpressed in chemoresistant TNBC, associated with increased micro-vessel density and enhanced cell survival. A peptide targeting API-5 shows promise as an innovative treatment option for this aggressive cancer type.
Researchers have developed 'combo' nanoplatforms using graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide to enhance chemotherapy therapy. These nanocarriers can target tumors and improve drug delivery, reducing side effects on normal cells/tissues.
Scientists have characterised genetic alterations caused by six cancer therapies, revealing 'mutational footprints' that can help optimize treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. The study provides a new understanding of the relationship between therapy-induced mutations and long-term side effects.
Researchers discovered that SNAP, a nitric oxide donor, overcomes TMZ resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells by reducing MGMT protein stability. This finding offers a potential strategy to improve treatment outcomes for patients with GBM.
Researchers found that API-5 was overexpressed in endothelial cells of patients with chemoresistant TNBC, associated with increased micro-vessel density. API-5 promotes cell survival and cancer growth by inhibiting apoptosis.
A new technique called ELeCt uses drug-loaded nanoparticles bound to circulating red blood cells to inhibit lung cancer metastasis with tenfold greater success than free-floating nanoparticles. The research has shown improved survival rates and reduced side effects in mice with lung cancer, making it a promising clinical treatment.
Researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found that secondary tumor-reduction surgery followed by chemotherapy did not result in longer survival than chemotherapy alone. The study involved 240 patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer and showed that complete tumor resection was associated with i...
A study in mice shows that chemotherapy affects gut bacteria, inflammation, and cognitive problems. Researchers found correlations between changes in the gut microbiome and brain inflammation, which could lead to new interventions for cancer patients.
Most UK mastectomies are advised for large tumours; standard hormone therapy and chemotherapy could reduce number of women needing surgery.
A new study by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center suggests that the drug bortezomib may help re-balance disrupted muscle growth and prevent muscle contractures in children with brachial plexus injury or cerebral palsy. The treatment shows promise in preventing loss of elbow and shoulder motion and disrupting skeletal growth.
Gabapentinoid prescriptions for adults with cancer grew from 3.3% to 8.3% between 2005 and 2015, with total prescriptions increasing from 1.2 million to 3.5 million. Further study is needed to understand the effectiveness and risks of gabapentinoids in treating cancer pain.
Researchers discovered that Pixantrone interacts with cancer DNA by prising apart the double helix structure and compacting its backbone. This mechanism could lead to the development of more effective cancer drugs with reduced harm to healthy cells.
Electrospun fibers are being explored as a novel method for creating effective contraceptives and treating brain tumors. A University of Cincinnati study discovered that coaxial electrospinning can combine different materials to improve drug delivery and effectiveness.
A novel methodology was developed to extract data on symptoms from EHRs and investigate associations between symptom clusters and disease. The study identified distinct symptom clusters for breast cancer and colorectal cancer patients, providing critical information for patient care teams and researchers.
A compound has been identified as effective in killing chemotherapy-resistant glioblastoma-initiating cells (GICs), a major challenge in treating this devastating cancer. The research also showed that the compound is non-toxic to normal cells, raising hopes for developing drugs with low toxicity.
Researchers created a test using tumor organoids to predict how patients with advanced colorectal cancer respond to chemotherapy treatment. The test correctly classified 80% of patients treated with irinotecan, suggesting it could help identify those who won't benefit from toxic chemotherapies.
A new analysis published in Annals of Oncology suggests that hormone therapy has a greater impact on women's quality of life compared to chemotherapy, especially in postmenopausal patients. This finding challenges current international guidelines recommending prolonged hormone therapy for 5-10 years.
A University of South Florida researcher is studying whether a home-based exercise program can decrease the severity of nerve and muscle symptoms from chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer survivors. The study aims to provide an evidence-based intervention for patients suffering from persistent neuropathy.
A recent study presented at the ESMO Congress 2019 found that nearly four times more patients responded to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab than standard chemotherapy in a trial for advanced mesothelioma. However, these responses did not delay progression or improve survival rates.
The TAILORx trial has shown that women with high Recurrence Scores (26-100) have a 93% chance of being cancer-free after five years, with those receiving chemotherapy having a significantly better outcome. The findings support the use of adjuvant chemotherapy to improve treatment outcomes in early breast cancer patients.
A new treatment using niraparib after conventional chemotherapy improves progression-free survival and reduces risk of relapse or death in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The study, led by Dr. Antonio González Martín, found a significant reduction in risk of relapse, especially in patients with homologous recombination deficiency.
The CheckMate-227 trial found that the combination of nivolumab and low-dose ipilimumab improves overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer compared to chemotherapy. The treatment was well-tolerated, with a low rate of discontinuation and treatment-related toxicities.
A Phase III trial validates the benefit of veliparib for patients with newly diagnosed, metastatic high-grade serous ovarian cancer. The combination therapy achieved a PFS of 23.5 months, compared to 17.3 months for the control arm.
A new nanotechnology-based process uses magnetic particle imaging to monitor chemotherapy concentrations in real-time, allowing doctors to adjust doses precisely. This innovation has the potential to minimize side effects and improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
Researchers at the Buck Institute identified 44 specific senescence-associated proteins involved in blood clotting, marking the first time cellular senescence has been associated with age-related blood clots. Senescent cells accumulate over time, spewing out inflammatory proteins that lead to chronic inflammation.
Researchers discovered the mechanism behind cetuximab's effectiveness in patients with a specific KRAS gene mutation, which enables doctors to prescribe the drug to this patient group. This finding has direct clinical implications and could benefit up to 10,000 colorectal cancer patients per year.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine developed a compound that extends survival in mice models of pediatric brain tumors, particularly those expressing the MYC oncogene. The compound inhibits glutamine metabolism, making chemotherapy more effective.
Researchers will focus on extending clinical research in cardiovascular and neurocognitive complications of cancer treatments to improve patient well-being. The team aims to protect the heart from damage caused by chemotherapy drugs and define who may be at risk.
Researchers at Medical College of Georgia have found a link between high levels of TIMP-1 and IL-6, two molecules that contribute to chemotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. The study's findings suggest that elevated levels of these molecules may be an indicator of poor prognosis and a potential target for improving treat...
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered that inhibiting GSK-3 enzyme sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, a commonly used chemotherapy. This new approach may overcome resistance to chemotherapy and improve treatment outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Researchers developed an exosome-based nanomedicine that increases tumor accumulation and penetration after intravenous administration. The biocompatible nanomedicines combine natural biomaterials with synthetic nanoparticles, demonstrating potential for improved anticancer drug efficacy.
Researchers discovered that some cancer cells survive chemotherapy by consuming neighboring tumor cells, providing energy to stay alive. This process helps senescent cancer cells initiate tumor relapse after treatment completion.
A Rutgers study found that US physicians are ordering off-label medications for children at increasing rates, particularly for unapproved conditions. The study analyzed data from 2006 to 2015 and found that about 19% of office visits involved the use of off-label systemic drugs.
Scientists have found a way to protect hair follicles from chemotherapy, potentially preventing hair loss. Researchers used CDK4/6 inhibitors to halt cell division and reduce damage caused by taxanes, common anti-cancer drugs that can induce permanent hair loss.
A phase 2 clinical trial found that combining temsirolimus with chemotherapy improved patient outcomes for patients with relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma. The treatment resulted in a 54.6% event-free survival rate, compared to 69.1% for those receiving temsirolimus.
Patients taking nivolumab experience a significant five-fold increase in overall survival, with five-year rates of 13.4% compared to docetaxel's 2.6%. Long-term benefits and improved progression-free survival have been observed with nivolumab treatment.
The KEYNOTE-024 trial found that pembrolizumab significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Patients treated with pembrolizumab had a median overall survival of 26.3 months compared to 14.2 months for those on chemotherapy.
The Impower131 Trial found that atezolizumab + chemotherapy improved overall survival by 3.9 months compared to chemotherapy alone, particularly among patients with high PD-L1 expression. Treatment-related side effects were common but manageable in both arms.
Durvalumab plus chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, with a median survival of 13 months compared to 10.3 months for the control group. The study found that 33.9% of patients receiving durvalumab were alive at 18 months.
Researchers found no significant correlation between tumor mutational burden and response rates, progression-free survival, or overall survival in patients treated with pembrolizumab plus carboplatin and pemetrexed. High objective response rates were observed in both TMB low and high subgroups.
Researchers studied the relationship between tumor mutational burden and response to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab. The study found that high or low TMB levels did not significantly impact overall survival, progression-free survival, or objective response rates for patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.
Gold-based molecules have shown to be up to 24 times more effective at killing cancer cells than cisplatin and inhibit tumour growth by up to 46.9%. They also target an enzyme linked with cancer progression and have anti-inflammatory properties.
A new study links elevated levels of FAK to the survival of cancer stem cells and DNA repair in ovarian cancer tumors, making them resistant to platinum chemotherapy. Researchers found that FAK inhibition can improve treatment response in mice with chemo-resistant tumors.
Researchers found a threefold increase in cardiac events and tenfold increased risk for heart failure among childhood cancer survivors compared to cancer-free peers. Modifiable risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic disorders contribute to the elevated heart disease risk.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic found that increasing PD-L1 expression in colorectal cancer cells can improve chemotherapy effectiveness. This discovery suggests a potential strategy to enhance treatment outcomes for patients with resistant colon cancer.
Oncologists suggest using nab-paclitaxel instead of paclitaxel prior to surgery for high-risk breast cancer patients, potentially improving long-term outcomes and reducing disease recurrence. This approach may be particularly beneficial for women with hormone receptor positive, HER-2 negative breast cancer.
Researchers have developed a drug that speeds up blood stem cell regeneration after exposure to radiation, accelerating the recovery of cancer patients. The new compound, DJ009, lifts molecular 'brakes' on blood stem cells, enabling them to recover faster and reducing the risk of infections.
A large population-based study found that novel oral androgen signaling inhibitor therapies increase the risk of death in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. Patients with three or more heart conditions experienced a 50% increase in mortality, while enzalutamide was associated with lower hospitalization rates.