Articles tagged with Chemotherapy
A multi-institutional phase 3 clinical trial found that a cancer stem cell test can accurately decide more effective treatments and lead to increased survival for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ChemoID, a CLIA-accredited diagnostic test, was used to select chemotherapy treatments, resulting in significantly lower risk of death a...
A phase 2 clinical trial testing a treatment combining standard chemotherapy with azacitidine showed nearly 90% of patients with aggressive T-cell lymphoma achieved complete remission. The treatment, which targets gene-silencing marks on DNA, has an estimated two-year progression-free survival rate of 69.2%.
Scientists successfully opened the blood-brain barrier using a novel ultrasound device, delivering chemotherapy to treat glioblastoma patients. The treatment increased drug concentrations by 4-6 times and was safe and well-tolerated.
Researchers have identified 11 somatic mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway that contribute to treatment-resistant adult epilepsy, suggesting the potential for repurposed anti-cancer agents as new treatments. This study provides insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying this form of epilepsy and opens up new avenues for targeted ther...
A new study found that cannabis use by cancer patients leads to reduced pain levels, improved sleep quality, and enhanced cognitive function. After two weeks of sustained use, patients reported better thinking clarity and objective measures of cognition also showed improvements.
Researchers found that spinal cord stimulation reduced pain response in rats with human lung cancer tissue without compromising paclitaxel effectiveness. The study also showed SCS improved antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel, providing evidence for its potential as a companion treatment.
An international study of 1,044 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma found that combining radiotherapy with chemotherapy significantly improves survival rates compared to radiotherapy alone. The benefit was particularly notable in patients between 65-79 years old with good general health.
Research suggests that patients with advanced melanoma who receive immunotherapy medications may benefit from maintaining normal vitamin D levels. The study found a favorable response rate in 56% of patients with normal baseline vitamin D levels, compared to 36% with low levels.
Researchers developed a gene signature called CisSig to predict cancer patients' response to cisplatin. The approach aims to overcome the obstacle of interpreting gene signatures in the human body and has been validated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.
Researchers discuss rapamycin's potential to delay cancer onset by slowing cell proliferation and tumor progression. The mTOR pathway is involved in both cancer and aging, making rapamycin a promising chemopreventive agent.
A new meta-analysis finds that Black patients are 71% more likely to experience heart damage following chemotherapy treatment. The study highlights the need for further research into underlying factors contributing to these disparities to reduce cardiovascular risk associated with chemotherapy.
The new American Heart Association scientific statement emphasizes the importance of including non-biological factors and social determinants in CVD risk assessment for women. These factors include economic stability, neighborhood safety, education level, and access to quality healthcare, which disproportionately affect women from dive...
Researchers developed a chelator-free-radiolabeled polymersome capable of long-term multiday PET imaging in vivo. The nanovesicle meets key requirements for targeted cancer therapy, including precision targeting, stable radiotracer binding, and biocompatibility.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic Arizona have developed a new intravesical chemotherapy delivery system called TAR-200, which is safe and shows initial evidence of effectiveness in treating muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in frail patients. The treatment has been shown to limit cancer growth while minimizing toxic effects.
A team of scientists from City University of Hong Kong and HKUST discovered novel, tridimensional compounds with high anticancer activity and low toxicity. These compounds can overcome drug resistance in cancer cells by inducing a different cell death pathway.
Researchers developed a complex that accumulates in tumour tissue and is activated by ultrasound waves, triggering the release of a toxic compound and eradicating tumours. This method could make cancer treatment less invasive and more effective for large and deep-seated tumours.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a type of cell that plays a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment. The authors suggest that understanding CAFs is essential for developing effective cancer therapies. Research targeting CAFs has shown promise, but challenges remain due to their complex nature.
A UNIGE team created customizable treatments by testing drugs on artificial tumors derived from patients' cancer tissue. The approach opens the way for optimized and tailored therapies against various cancers and diseases.
Researchers at Rice University have created a new technology called PULSED that can deliver time-released drugs and vaccines for extended periods. The technology uses high-resolution 3D printing and soft lithography to produce microcylinders made of biodegradable polymers, which can be loaded with drugs and release them over time.
Researchers have shown lorlatinib to be safe and effective in treating high-risk neuroblastoma with ALK gene mutations. The targeted therapy has led to a major amendment in a phase 3 clinical trial, offering new hope for patients with this often lethal cancer.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science reveal the crystal structure of centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E), a promising target for inhibitor therapy. The discovery is expected to facilitate the development of anticancer drugs with fewer adverse effects on patients.
Researchers propose conjugating a cell-penetrating peptide to oxaliplatin to overcome chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer. The new approach reduces platinum accumulation in tumour microenvironment and healthy tissues.
This study of 690 patients with early-stage breast cancer found racial disparities in pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, affecting survival outcomes. Racial disparities varied across different breast cancer subtypes and highlight the importance of understanding tumor biology.
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have developed a novel approach to administer intrathecal and intravenous immunotherapy to treat leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in melanoma patients, showing promising results in improving survival rates and quality of life for some patients.
A literature review published by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging reveals how nuclear medicine brain imaging can help evaluate biological changes causing chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. The findings confirmed the impact of chemotherapy drugs on cognitive function and highlighted the utility of various SP...
ENZAMET, a new drug combination, has shown significant improvement in survival rates for men with advanced prostate cancer. After five years, the treatment led to a 67% survival rate, compared to 57% for standard therapy.
Researchers developed a hybrid micro-robot that can navigate in physiological environments and capture targeted damaged cells. The micro-robot uses electric and magnetic mechanisms to identify and transport single cells for further study.
The new medicine has shown promising results in a Phase 1 clinical trial, with 70% of patients stable after six weeks and one patient remaining stable for over two years. Developed by NTNU researcher Marit Otterlei, ATX-101 targets cancer cells' stress regulation system, leaving healthy cells unaffected.
A pilot study found that patients who listened to their favorite music experienced reduced nausea severity and distress. Music was believed to affect serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter associated with chemotherapy-induced nausea, in a way that could complement medication.
A Phase II trial led by researchers from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center demonstrated that adding ipilimumab to a neoadjuvant combination of nivolumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy resulted in a major pathologic response in half of all treated patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. The treatment also...
A new review paper suggests that selective protection of normal cells from chemotherapy could increase the therapeutic window and improve outcomes for cancer patients. The authors propose using antagonistic drug combinations to kill drug-resistant cancer cells, reducing side effects and improving quality of life.
A new drug called CADD522 blocks a gene associated with driving bone cancer's spread, increasing survival rates by 50% in mice implanted with human bone cancer. The breakthrough treatment shows promise in all main bone cancer subtypes and has the potential to save lives and reduce disability.
Two compounds, A5 and C1, have shown promising results in inhibiting the growth of glioblastoma cells, a type of aggressive brain cancer. Further research is needed to confirm their effectiveness on normal nerve cells and to move towards clinical trials.
Tumour cells exhibit an innate randomness in their ability to respond to chemotherapy, which can lead to resistance. Researchers identified a marker for resistance and propose combining chemotherapy with drugs targeting this 'noise' to improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers discovered that quiescent ovarian cancer cells secrete follistatin, which induces resistance in neighboring cells and worsens survival rates. Targeting this protein may improve chemotherapy response and boost survival in patients with aggressive ovarian cancer.
A new study found that chemotherapy alters the immune cell landscape in pancreatic cancer, reducing checkpoint molecules and increasing tumor growth. The research suggests that this may lead to resistance to subsequent immunotherapy, highlighting the need for further study on combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy.
Researchers identified microglia as key players in chemo brain inflammation, suggesting a potential target for treatment. In a mouse study, deleting microglia restored memory and lowered brain inflammation after paclitaxel treatment.
A new study finds that a combination of chemotherapy drugs performs better than BCG in preventing high-grade cancer recurrence in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. This alternative treatment has shown excellent safety and efficacy outcomes, providing a viable option for patients facing a shortage of standard care treatm...
A new study found that polypharmacy, the concurrent use of multiple medications, increases the risk of adverse treatment outcomes in older adults with advanced cancer. Patients taking multiple medications had a 59% higher chance of stopping cancer treatment earlier than recommended.
A recent study found that immunotherapy costs accounted for 84% of the net increase in Medicare spending on outpatient cancer care at the end of life. Payments for radiation oncology decreased by 2%, while palliative care spending rose, reflecting a shift towards hypofractionated radiation treatments.
Researchers re-examine molecular characteristics of WNT-subgroup patients to identify optimal treatment strategies for low-risk medulloblastoma. Key findings suggest that therapy-related late toxicity remains a concern, despite comparable survival rates between children and adolescents with this disease subtype.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that platinum accumulates in healthy cells surrounding cancer cells, particularly fibroblasts, and induces gene activation associated with poor response to chemotherapy. Periostin levels serve as a marker of TGF-β activity in fibroblasts and predict treatment benefit.
The ESMO Targeted Anticancer Therapies Congress 2023 features presentations on drug discovery and development for various targets, precision medicine, and early clinical trial methodology. Keynote lectures highlight novel insights in mutational signatures and epigenetic therapies.
Researchers have developed a novel prognostic index to predict survival outcomes in gastric cancer patients. The inflammation-combined prognostic index (ICPI) combines three biomarkers - lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio - to provide a personalized prognosis for each patient.
Engineers at the University of Waterloo developed AI technology to predict breast cancer treatment effectiveness, allowing doctors to prescribe personalized treatments and reduce unnecessary side effects. The new algorithm uses synthetic correlated diffusion imaging images to forecast patient responses to chemotherapy.
A study found that immune checkpoint inhibitors enhance chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain by blocking interaction between macrophages and neurons via PD1-PDL1 synergy. This discovery could lead to the development of therapeutic alternatives to prevent pain while maintaining anti-neoplastic effects.
Etoposide's impact on DNA structure has been untangled by Cornell researchers using optical tweezers and magnetic tweezers. The study found that etoposide promotes DNA loop trapping and barrier formation by topoisomerase II, enabling the creation of sensitive screening tools for improving patient treatment.
The world's first international clinical guidelines have been created to prevent and treat heart complications in children undergoing cancer treatment. The guidelines cover cardiovascular disease assessment, screening, and follow-up for pediatric patients receiving various cancer treatments.
Researchers found that female lymphoma patients who received afternoon chemotherapy had a 12.5 times reduced mortality rate and a 2.8 times decreased cancer recurrence rate compared to morning treatment. This is due to the body's natural circadian rhythm, which affects white blood cell counts and bone marrow proliferation.
Researchers have discovered a way to produce limonoids, a family of valuable chemicals with potential as bee-friendly insecticides and anti-cancer drugs. By identifying the enzymes required for production, they can now use host organisms to create these compounds in a more sustainable way.
Researchers developed a cancer-selective therapeutic agent that targets cancer cells' unique acidic pH microenvironment, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and killing only cancer cells. The agent, Mito-SA, forms charge-shielded nano-assemblies that selectively disassemble in the tumoral environment.
Researchers found that female patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated in the afternoon had reduced mortality rates and cancer recurrence compared to those treated in the morning. The study suggests that timing chemotherapy delivery according to an individual's circadian clock may improve treatment outcomes.
A new study finds that andiroba oil accelerates wound healing, increases contraction rates, and promotes local re-epithelialization. The oil also presents a similar potential to low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in treating oral mucositis, a common side effect of chemotherapy.
A Phase 3 clinical trial has shown that a four-drug chemotherapy regimen significantly increases overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with stage 4 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The study's results suggest that this more aggressive treatment approach may be considered for eligible patients.
A Cancer Research UK-funded clinical trial found that chemotherapy before surgery reduces the chance of colon cancer returning within 2 years by 28%. The study involved 1,053 patients and showed significant benefits in terms of preventing cancer recurrence.
A new personalized treatment for bile duct cancer has shown remarkable results, with patients surviving for up to two years when treated with the drug futibatinib. The Phase II clinical trial found that the drug was more effective at reducing tumor size and producing modest side effects compared to chemotherapy.
A team of researchers from Korea and USA identified the importance of lipid homeostasis in overcoming brain cancer radioresistance. They found that regulating diacylglycerol kinase B and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 could potentially sensitize brain cancer cells to radiotherapy, offering a new treatment strategy.
Researchers found that a pro-oxidant mixture of resveratrol and copper can inactivate cell-free chromatin particles, reducing chemotherapy toxicity. The treatment also showed promise in preventing aging and sepsis.
Researchers discovered a molecular pathway critical to the initiation of pancreatic tumors, which can contribute to disease resistance and metastasis. Targeting this pathway could limit tumor progression, relapse, and spread by disrupting the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment.
Researchers found that EWS::FLI1 induces Slit2 expression, which activates Robo receptors and enhances Ewing sarcoma growth. Silencing Slit2 strongly inhibited Ewing sarcoma cell growth, providing an opportunity for targeted therapy.