Articles tagged with Chemotherapy
A new study found that COVID-19 primarily affected patients with a moderate to critical course, often with comorbidities, whereas many had mild courses despite metastatic melanoma and systemic therapy, recommending continued treatment whenever possible.
Researchers at the University of Bergen have developed a method to predict cancer patient survival within hours of chemotherapy. By analyzing protein ERK1/2 levels in blood samples, they can identify patients who are responding or not responding to treatment, enabling early intervention.
Researchers found that dendritic cells in meninges produce mediators causing pain hypersensitivity after nerve injury. The kynurenine pathway, primarily driven by IDO1, is involved in pain production.
Researchers have discovered a new biomarker that predicts the response to CAR-T cell therapy in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The biomarker identifies differentiated T cells, which can be removed from leukemia products to improve therapy success rates.
The EMBRACE-I study demonstrated the superiority of personalized brachytherapy in treating locally advanced cervical cancer. A targeted approach using magnetic resonance imaging-defined tumor volume resulted in a high tumor control rate and low risk of recurrence.
Researchers at Salk Institute discover thousands of previously unknown microproteins in brown and white fat tissue, finding that one, Gm8773, increases feeding activity in mice. This discovery could lead to the development of a therapeutic to promote weight gain in certain disease situations.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in precision oncology for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma, identifying that certain cell surface molecules decrease or are absent in these patients, making them resistant to the new drug enfortumab vedotin.
Researchers developed predictive models using serum microRNAs to identify patients at risk of requiring early palliative care. The study used serum samples from 178 patients with various types of cancer and found that miRNA-based models had higher accuracy than clinical models in predicting referral to a palliative care unit.
A team of researchers has identified a protein called hemopexin that may help protect the heart from damage caused by anthracycline chemotherapy. Levels of hemopexin in the blood were associated with increased cardiac toxicity, but administering hemopexin prevented the development of cardiac dysfunction in mice.
Researchers developed a cell-based method to predict breast cancer treatment responses, showing promising results and potential for personalized medicine. The method uses tumour cells and supporting cells from patients, allowing for efficient drug profiling and accurate treatment prediction.
The Endocrine Society's Clinical Practice Guideline provides suggestions for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy, a common and life-threatening metabolic complication of cancer. Treatment options include intravenous bisphosphonates or denosumab medications, with denosumab recommended as the preferred choice.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have identified a method to track and kill resistant cancer cells in mice. By tagging different types of breast cancer cells with unique genetic barcodes, they were able to identify which cells are evading chemotherapy and target them specifically with a new treatment approach.
Researchers at Tulane University discovered that breast cancer cells use complex immune-modulatory programs to evade immune clearance, leading to treatment resistance. They identified 16 immune checkpoint genes and found that chemotherapy triggers a program of immune checkpoints that shield cancer cells from different lines of attack.
Researchers identify CDK4 and filamin proteins as predictors of response to paclitaxel in HER2-negative breast cancer patients. High levels of these proteins are associated with a positive response rate in 90% of cases.
Researchers describe results using cladribine-based combination epigenetic and immunotherapy in MCL, achieving an increased overall survival greater than 40 months with durable remissions without relapse for longer than 5 years. The approach is promising in the treatment of MCL and potentially other previously treatment-refractory canc...
A new clinical trial has found that chemotherapy before surgery significantly improves 1-year survival rates for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. The study, led by the University of Liverpool, compared immediate surgery with short-course neoadjuvant therapy and found a significant survival benefit.
A new treatment protocol has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of aggressive childhood leukemia returning after chemotherapy. The ALL-11 protocol, which includes an extra year of maintenance chemotherapy for children with specific genetic mutations, has improved five-year survival rates and quality of life for these patients....
A nationwide retrospective study showed that adjuvant chemotherapy after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery significantly improved overall survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, regardless of lymph node status or resection margins. The study included nearly 900 patients and was published in JAMA Oncology.
Research found that male rats exposed to ifosfamide during adolescence had offspring and grand-offspring with increased incidence of diseases, including kidney and testis problems. The study's epigenetic analysis revealed changes passed down through sperm and ova, indicating a potential risk for future generations.
Researchers at CU Anschutz Medical Campus have identified a less invasive way to treat HPV-unrelated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by combining radiation with immunotherapy. The approach resulted in remarkable success rates, including 75% of patients experiencing major pathological responses or complete responses.
Researchers at University of Pittsburgh have designed novel nanoparticles that co-deliver a chemotherapy drug and a novel immunotherapy, shrinking tumors in mouse models of colon and pancreatic cancer. The therapy silences a gene involved in immunosuppression by blocking Xkr8 protein distribution on the cell membrane.
Researchers have identified a protein that can predict how well breast cancer patients will respond to chemotherapy. Increasing levels of this variant p53 makes breast cancer cells unresponsive to existing therapies, highlighting its potential as a target for enhanced treatments.
A team of researchers discovered that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in driving granulopoiesis, a process formation of granulocytes, in mice models. The study found that alterations in the gut microbiome composition induced by neutropenia stimulate reactive granulopoiesis via interleukin 17A secreted by T cells, promoting neu...
Researchers found that HER2-positive breast cancer patients with high levels of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in residual disease have significantly shorter overall survival. High levels of TILs are associated with poorer outcomes, while lower levels are linked to improved survival rates.
A new study analyzed tumor biopsies from patients with newly-diagnosed germinal center B cell lymphoma and found that CREBBP mutations were associated with lower disease-free survival rates. The researchers identified CLMA as a practical tool to translate experimental findings into clinical applications.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt found that dying colon cancer cells release ATP to neighboring tumor cells, activating a survival signaling pathway. Interrupting this communication can significantly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy against resistant tumors.
A 30-year follow-up study of patients with early breast cancer found that radiotherapy does not improve overall survival rates after 10 years but reduces the risk of recurrence in the same breast. The study's findings challenge traditional concepts of long-term anti-cancer benefits of radiotherapy.
Scientists have identified a potential therapy to reduce the side effects of cisplatin chemotherapy, which can cause kidney toxicity and neuropathic pain. Istradefylline, an approved Parkinson's disease drug, has been found to mitigate these harmful effects while preserving cisplatin's anti-tumor properties.
Neuroblastoma tumour cells adapt to mimic embryonic cells, making them resistant to chemotherapy. This understanding can lead to targeted treatments that better reach the entire tumour and avoid resistance development.
Researchers from the University of Zurich have discovered why a stem cell transplant is effective in treating multiple sclerosis. The study found that memory T cells reappear immediately after the transplant and do not trigger an autoimmune reaction due to pre-damage caused by chemotherapy. This knowledge enables the body to gradually ...
The West Texas Pharmacology Core laboratory at TTUHSC will focus on two primary areas: drug development and pediatric cancer. The core aims to address obstacles in drug development, including limited pharmacology expertise for small biotech companies and low profitability for pediatric cancer drugs.
A new study published in JNCCN found significant disparities in ovarian cancer treatment based on patient race, ability to pay, and healthcare access. Non-Hispanic Black patients were less likely to receive guideline-appropriate treatment compared to White patients.
Research suggests that antibiotics used in ovarian cancer treatment can accelerate cancer progression and lower survival rates. Reintroducing healthy gut bacteria may slow down cancer growth and restore sensitivity to chemotherapy.
A study using mRNA and miRNA expression profiles identified molecular signatures that can differentiate muscle invasive bladder cancer patients who respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy from those who do not. The research found distinct gene pathways and subtypes associated with response, which may lead to more effective treatment delivery.
A combination of pembrolizumab and nanoparticle-bound paclitaxel has shown a high response rate of 50% in patients with platinum-refractory or ineligible urothelial cancers. The treatment has also been associated with improved median duration of response and overall survival time, providing an urgently needed new treatment option.
Researchers have designed DNA-based transporters that can deliver precise concentrations of drugs, potentially improving cancer treatment. These nanotransporters can also be programmed to prolong the effect of a drug and minimize its dosage, reducing side effects.
A small clinical trial showed 40% of patients experienced progression-free survival when treated with a CD105 inhibitor, which prevented cancer cells from making splice variant proteins. This approach may resensitize select patients to androgen suppression therapy.
Two new discoveries led by Cedars-Sinai Cancer investigators improve understanding of ovarian cancer's development and suggest personalized therapeutic approaches. They identified four new genetic regions linked to increased ovarian cancer risk and found that some tumors may develop resistance to chemotherapy from an early stage.
A study reveals that interleukin 34 (IL-34) modulates the balance between two myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations, leading to immunosuppression and chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Neutralizing IL-34 with a drug reduces tumor growth and susceptibility to chemotherapy.
Researchers found that reducing SAMHD1 levels made brain tumor cells sensitive to chemotherapy drugs and slowed cell growth. They also suspect that glioblastoma alters SAMHD1's function to aid its own survival and treatment resistance.
A comparison of two cancer drugs reveals that life cycle management strategy is crucial for a drug's commercial success. The research found that product sales are closely linked to the number of approved indications and inter-organizational alliances.
Researchers mapped the detailed neural pathway of defensive responses from the gut to the brain in mice after detecting germs. The study could lead to better anti-nausea medications for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
A Phase Ib clinical trial found that sequential administration of PARP inhibitor olaparib and WEE1 inhibitor adavosertib is safe and well-tolerated, with promising signs of anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced cancers driven by DNA damage response mutations. The combination showed durable responses in patients with resistant c...
A new experimental drug has shown promising results in treating liver cancer, with two patients experiencing a partial response to the treatment. The drug, NMS-01940153E, targets an enzyme that plays a critical role in cell division and growth, and its side effects are manageable.
Researchers at UNIGE have discovered a way to overcome resistance to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer, using an optimized combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This breakthrough opens up new avenues for developing targeted therapies that can effectively treat patients with low five-year survival rates.
Researchers have found a drug that targets the key, cancer-causing gene MYC has been able to inhibit its function safely and effectively. Eight out of 12 patients showed stabilisation of disease after treatment with OMO-103, with one patient experiencing a reduction in tumour-derived DNA circulating in the blood stream.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a novel treatment that combines internal radiation and chemotherapy to eliminate tumors in 80% of mice with pancreatic cancer. The approach uses a gel-like depot implanted with radioactive iodine-131, which deposits beta radiation directly into the tumor without affecting surrounding tissue.
A recent study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators found that corrupted endothelial cells can protect leukemia cells from chemotherapy drugs. The discovery has the potential to improve drug discovery programs and clinical trials for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients.
A novel polysorbate-based formulation enhances carboplatin's therapeutic response in lymph nodes, amplifying antitumor effects and increasing drug penetration.
A study published in JACC: CardioOncology found that exercise during chemotherapy improves long-term cardiorespiratory fitness and alleviates adverse effects of cancer treatment. After treatment, an exercise program can recover lost function. The optimal timing of exercise intervention is during chemotherapy.
Researchers at LSU Health New Orleans have identified a new drug target for triple-negative breast cancer, which lacks estrogen and progesterone receptors. The novel small molecule inhibitor NSC33353 works synergistically with doxorubicin to suppress the growth of TNBC cells.
WayPath Pharma has been awarded a $225,000 Phase I Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) award to develop new metabolic drugs targeting tumor stem cells and crossing the blood-brain barrier. The funding aims to advance treatment options for glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain cancer with limited treatment options.
Scientists from NTU Singapore have discovered that telomeres are stacked in columns like a spring, leaving DNA exposed to damage. This finding could improve understanding of how humans age and develop cancer, with potential treatments for diseases caused by dysfunctional telomeres.
Researchers have developed a new approach to test the efficacy of multiple anticancer drug combinations simultaneously, rapidly, and accurately. Combi-seq overcomes limitations of conventional technologies by using microfluidics to carry out large-scale experiments with small sample volumes.
A potential new treatment for glioblastomas, a deadly form of brain tumor, is being researched using the medication letrozole. Studies have shown that letrozole can be effective in killing tumor cells and reaching target tissue safely.
Researchers found that using the Bazett formula to assess heartbeat rhythms can lead to inaccurate chemotherapy modifications, potentially affecting patient care. Standardizing formulas with electrocardiograms can reduce this risk and improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers found that inhibiting GABA A receptors protects intestinal stem cells from chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced damage, reducing DNA damage and increasing survival. Flumazenil, an FDA-approved anti-sedative, shows promise in protecting the intestine from these toxic effects.
Cancer cells become resistant to chemotherapies by slowing down DNA replication forks, allowing them to avoid collisions with chemotherapy drugs. A kinase called DNA-PKcs acts as a sensor when a fork is stressed and promotes slowing of the fork and chemo-resistance.
A recent study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that cancer and chemotherapy do not appear to increase the risk of stillbirth among adolescent and young adult women who later become pregnant. The study included data from 11,696 deliveries to over 8,400 women diagnosed with cancer between 1995 and 2015.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a novel cancer therapy combining lymphatic drug delivery with total-body irradiation, showing superior antitumor effects in early stage lymph node metastasis. The treatment enhances systemic tumor immune responses and alters the tumor microenvironment.