Research on chemotherapy and its side effects. Covers nerve-injury prevention, gold-nanorod therapy, less-intensive regimens, and combination treatments.
The study found that autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was underutilized in community settings, but maintenance therapy after standard therapy improved outcomes for patients over 65. Maintenance rituximab after bendamustine and chemotherapy regimens also significantly extended times to disease progression and overall survival.
Updated long-term results from Phase III trials demonstrate significant benefits from combining procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy with radiation therapy for patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Patients with chromosome 1p19q codeleted tumors experienced improved overall survival and progression-free survival.
This volume of Oncotarget features groundbreaking research on various cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, and neuroblastoma, as well as novel drug targets for bladder cancer. The studies also delve into the role of BRCA in breast and colorectal cancers.
A novel liquid biopsy test can accurately detect cancer DNA in the blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer within five hours, potentially helping oncologists determine if treatments are working. The test's diagnostic accuracy is 85%, correctly detecting cancer 83% of the time and ruling out cancer 92% of the time.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center developed a targeted immunotoxin that delivers into breast ducts, eliminating visible and invisible precancerous lesions in laboratory studies. The treatment showed strong cancer-killing effects in all cell lines and was well-tolerated in mouse models.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University have developed a liquid biopsy that can determine if an esophageal cancer patient will respond to certain treatments. The biopsy uses a panel of mRNAs and microRNAs to predict patient outcomes, with improved accuracy when combined with tumor size data.
Researchers have developed a molecule that uses nanotechnology, chemotherapy and a monoclonal antibody to target glioblastoma multiforme, the most aggressive type of brain cancer. The treatment showed promise in isolated cells and animal models, with significant reductions in tumor volume and no increased toxicity.
A new study from Ohio State University found that DNA nanotechnology is safe for medical use in mice, with a dose-dependent immune response. The research suggests that different shapes of nanostructures may be more conducive to different therapeutic applications.
Researchers developed a mathematical technique to measure total tumor-specific mRNA levels from bulk tumor sequencing data, associating higher mRNA levels with reduced patient survival. The study suggests this approach could serve as a prognostic biomarker for various cancers, guiding treatment selection.
Researchers have reported encouraging early-stage data for the Phase 1 clinical trial of INB-200, a gamma-delta T cell-based immunotherapy. All patients enrolled in the trial have exceeded their expected progression-free survival, with two patients exceeding overall survival as well. The treatment shows promising activity against gliob...
A new blood test has been developed to identify colon cancer patients who can safely avoid chemotherapy, reducing the number of patients treated with unnecessary treatment. The test assesses levels of circulating tumour DNA and could revolutionise chemotherapy treatment for colon cancer patients.
A new study found that circulating tumor DNA can identify stage II colon cancer patients who benefit from chemotherapy, sparing others the need for treatment. The study showed reduced use of chemotherapy without compromising survival rates.
Researchers found that combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy increased one-year survival rates for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, with anti-PD-1/chemo regimen showing the highest response. The study identified key immune system biomarkers associated with better outcomes, offering new hope for precision oncology.
Researchers have identified new biomarkers to detect non-small cell lung cancer in its early stages through a blood test, offering improved survival chances. The approach can also identify potential drug resistance, allowing clinicians to choose alternative treatment options.
A team of MIT researchers has developed drug-carrying nanoparticles that can efficiently penetrate the brain and kill glioblastoma cells. Using a human tissue model, they showed that the particles could get into tumors and deliver chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, which effectively killed tumor cells.
Pharmaceutical scientist Hans Lennernäs will collaborate with JGU's Peter Langguth to investigate ways to mitigate chemotherapy side effects. The goal is to identify active substances that can counteract adverse reactions and develop effective drugs.
The ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group presented promising trial results at ASCO 2022, including an 8-year survival rate in the CHAARTED prostate trial. The research also explored outcomes by tobacco use in head and neck studies, shedding light on cancer treatment effectiveness.
Researchers used cell-free DNA methylation patterns to identify patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who would benefit from chemotherapy before surgery. The approach showed promise in accurately predicting tumor response, with a correct prediction rate of 79%.
A new interactive web portal, SpUR, catalogues over 1,000 splicing events found in cancers, highlighting their role in tumor development and progression. The database provides a platform for researchers to study RNA dysregulations in cancer and develop RNA-based anti-cancer drugs.
A team of researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi has discovered a novel structural modification in AMP-activated protein kinase that could pave the way for more effective cancer treatments. The study found that a specific enzyme cleaves and traps the protein in the cell nucleus, rendering it resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
A population-scale study found COVID-19 vaccination is effective in most cancer patients but offers lower protection and wanes quickly. Vaccine effectiveness was lower (65.5%) in cancer patients compared to the general population (69.8%), with higher hospitalization and death risks despite vaccination.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham have discovered two new DNA repair genes, SETD1A and BOD1L, which can make cancer cells more sensitive to radiotherapy. These findings may lead to improved treatment efficiency and patient outcomes by allowing clinicians to identify targeted treatments for specific patients.
Researchers at MedUni Vienna identified five distinct subtypes of small cell lung cancer, each responding differently to therapies. High ASCL1 expression is linked to poor survival, while high POU2F3 expression correlates with better outcomes and sensitivity to standard chemotherapeutics.
A clinical trial found that adding immunotherapy to standard treatment increased the likelihood of complete tumor eradication in patients with high PD-L1 expression. The combination could become a new standard of care if confirmed in larger trials.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have designed nanobodies derived from llama antibodies to target specific sodium ion channels in human muscle cells. This breakthrough could lead to safer and more efficient treatments for pain during surgery and irregular heart rhythms, as well as seizure control.
Researchers developed an algorithm to quickly identify two cancer drugs that work well together, reducing testing time from three years to eight weeks. The new method uses gene expression data to prioritize potential combinations and has been confirmed in lab tests.
Cancer cells employ a unique defense mechanism to evade the effects of radiation treatment by exploiting an enzyme called Caspase-activated DNase (CAD). Removing CAD from cancer cells increases the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Researchers hope their discovery can lead to the development of targeted drugs to enhance cancer treatment.
A new study found that moderate fitness can offer protection against the dampening effects of chemotherapy on natural immunity. Breast cancer survivors who were moderately fit produced a significantly larger immune response to a typhoid vaccine, while those with lower fitness levels had a reduced response.
A recent study found that an artificial intelligence-based system improved providers' assessments of bladder cancer patients' response to chemotherapy. The AI tool helped doctors from different specialties and experience levels make more accurate diagnoses, with those in academia showing the greatest gains.
A recent study found that extra copies of the 3p25.3 region of DNA can lead to chemotherapy resistance in germ cell cancer. The research suggests this abnormality may be a key factor in predicting patient outcomes and could help identify those at high risk, allowing for alternative treatment options
A study has identified a new protein, Creb-binding protein (CBP), as a prognostic marker for above-average patient survival in HPV-positive head and neck carcinoma. CBP inhibitors are being developed as targeted therapies that can improve quality of life by reducing side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science discovered that disulfiram inhibits FROUNT protein and chemokine signaling pathways, reducing anxiety levels in mice. The study suggests a potential breakthrough anti-anxiety medication with safe and effective treatment for elderly patients suffering from anxiety and insomnia.
The TTUHSC's C. Patrick Reynolds has received a $1.34 million CPRIT grant to investigate updating the clinical risk stratification scale for neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, two childhood cancers in need of improved therapies.
Adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy before surgery reduced the risk of recurrence and death in lung cancer patients by 37%, according to a phase III trial. The treatment also led to a nearly twelvefold increase in pathological complete response, with 24% of patients achieving no active cancer remaining when the tumor was removed.
Researchers identified genes and epigenomic marks that enable cancer cells to resist chemotherapy. By inhibiting these marks, epi-drugs can restore treatment sensitivity. Future clinical trials aim to adapt this concept for human use.
A phase two randomised placebo controlled trial showed giving patients nintedanib, as well as chemotherapy before surgery or radiotherapy, significantly increased overall survival rates at one, two and five years. Nintedanib blocks different proteins from sending signals to cancer cells to grow, causing the cancer cells to die.
A new study reveals funding for fertility preservation policies varies across the UK, with Scotland offering the most inclusive approach. The study highlights the need for standardization of policies to ensure equal access to care for patients.
The CodeBreaK 100 trial demonstrated prolonged tumor responses and favorable safety profiles in patients treated with sotorasib. Long-term treatment was well-tolerated, with a two-year overall survival rate of 32.5%.
Recent studies published in the Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis have found applications of nanotechnology in medicine, drug research, and environmental protection. Researchers developed nanodots made of carbon using natural polysaccharides from mushrooms to detect chromium, and created nanozymes that could be used to detect drug con...
Researchers at MUSC have developed a device to remove toxic chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin, from the blood after cancer treatment. The device uses heat and an activated carbon filter to effectively remove the drug, potentially reducing harmful side effects.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University developed a drug delivery system based on lipid nanoparticles that utilize RNA to boost personalized cancer care. The nanodrug enhances chemotherapy effectiveness and reinvigorates the immune system, increasing sensitivity to cancer cells.
Researchers at Institut Pasteur found that immunocompromised patients experience disrupted immune mechanisms, including reduced production of antibodies and increased pathogenic bacteria, after a bone marrow transplant. This discovery could lead to more effective treatment protocols for these patients.
A study in rats suggests that vitamin C supplementation can help preserve skeletal muscle after doxorubicin therapy, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. The findings suggest vitamin C may represent a promising opportunity to reduce some of the drug's most debilitating side effects.
A new therapy combination of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and an anti-inflammatory drug may improve immune response in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The treatment activates cells to fight tumor growth, potentially leading to better outcomes for patients who don't respond to current treatments.
Researchers at TTUHSC will investigate common mechanisms of resistance and sensitivity in alternate telomere lengthening (ALT) cancers, with a focus on targeting ATM kinase inhibitors for therapy. The team aims to develop clinical trials for patients with ALT+ cancers.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have developed a novel therapeutic strategy that uses bacteria to deliver tetanus toxin into pancreatic tumor cells, inducing an immune response and killing the cancer. The treatment has shown promise in reducing cancer metastases by 87% and increasing mouse lifespan by 40%.
The new center aims to develop quantitative imaging markers to reduce subjectivity in medical image diagnosis and improve consistency. Researchers will explore cutting-edge imaging modalities and extract effective image features from existing clinical imaging modalities to aid in cancer detection and treatment.
A Phase 3 clinical study of selinexor as maintenance therapy for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer showed a 30% decrease in hazard for progression or death compared to the placebo-controlled group. Patients with functional p53 genes saw the most pronounced effect, with median progression-free survival at 10 months longer.
Researchers found that hydroxychloroquine inhibits pathways that drive resistance to cisplatin in head and neck cancers, restoring tumor-killing effects. The study paves the way for a clinical trial combining hydroxychloroquine and cisplatin to treat chemotherapy-resistant patients.
A CHOP-led study found bortezomib significantly improved overall survival in children and young adults with newly diagnosed T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. The trial also showed that intensifying the chemotherapy regimen allowed for elimination of radiation in nearly all patients, resulting in excellent outcomes.
Researchers at the University of South Australia have developed a new way to deliver chemotherapy drugs, using liposomal formulations that target tumors more effectively. This breakthrough could improve treatment outcomes for thousands of cancer patients, reducing side effects and improving quality of life.
A new form of drug delivery microparticle mimics the properties of a red blood cell, enabling controlled release of drugs and targeting specific destinations. The goal is to bypass the body's filtration systems, allowing for improved efficacy and reduced negative side effects.
A new synthetic substance, PECS-101, has been shown to prevent neuropathic pain caused by chemotherapy while improving cancer treatment outcomes. The study, conducted in mice, found that PECS-101 had no adverse effects and did not cause dependence.
Researchers discovered how pre-transplant chemotherapy facilitates replacement of brain's innate immune cells by transplanted stem cells. This process involves microglial cell death and senescence, but is not harmful to the brain, as it is quickly replaced by bone marrow-derived macrophages.
A new study highlights alternative treatment options that consider a patient's likelihood of recovery and quality of life. Total Definitive Treatment (TDT) is an approach that combines chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and close monitoring to potentially cure patients without surgery.
The COXEN GC score was a significant predictor of overall survival when looking at both treatment groups combined. The study found no association between COXEN scores and progression-free survival, but the biomarker may serve as a potential tool to improve patient outcomes.
A recent study found that women have a 34% higher risk of severe toxicity than men in cancer treatment, with higher risks for immunotherapy and targeted therapies. The analysis of over 20,000 patients from more than 200 clinical trials supports the idea that sex may independently modulate drug toxicity.
Researchers discover that chemotherapy triggers the secretion of mucins in colorectal cancer cells, forming a physical barrier that prevents drugs from reaching their intended target. The study found potential new biomarkers for disease prognosis and a promising treatment strategy using NCX blockers like SN-6.
A comparative trial found that exercise 'prehab' significantly enhanced tumour shrinkage and downstaging in patients with operable oesophageal cancer. The study showed improved skeletal muscle mass, reduced visceral fat, and a stronger immune response in the prehab group compared to conventional care.
A moderate exercise programme was shown to improve chemotherapy success rates and reduce negative side effects in oesophageal cancer patients. The study found that exercise can be safely included as part of cancer treatment, potentially benefiting more patients.