Articles tagged with Radiation Therapy
Researchers developed an AI model that uses daily step counts to predict the likelihood of unplanned hospitalization during cancer therapy, offering personalized care and potential prevention of treatment interruptions. The model was tested on data from wearable consumer devices and showed strong predictive performance.
A large clinical trial data analysis found that rates of locoregional recurrence are low regardless of regional node irradiation use. The study suggests a randomized clinical trial is required to answer the question of whether favorable-risk patients can safely skip RNI.
A Phase III trial found that hypo-fractionated whole breast irradiation (WBI) with concurrent boost is not inferior to conventional WBI with a sequential boost following lumpectomy in patients with high-risk, early-stage breast cancer. The study showed comparable effectiveness and toxicity outcomes between the two treatment options.
In a first-in-human trial, FLASH radiation treatment was found safe and effective for pain relief in patients with bone metastases. The study showed significant pain relief in 7 out of 10 patients, with minimal side effects.
A randomized, phase III clinical trial found that patients who receive technical explanations from medical physicists before treatment have lower anxiety levels and higher satisfaction rates. Medical physicist consults can significantly improve patient outcomes by reducing stress and anxiety related to radiation therapy.
A phase II trial suggests that radiation can reduce painful complications and hospitalizations, and possibly extend overall survival in patients with advanced cancers. The study found that treating asymptomatic lesions with radiation reduced skeletal-related events and extended overall survival compared to those who received no radiation.
A phase III clinical trial confirms the safety and efficacy of a moderately shortened course of radiation therapy for men with high-risk prostate cancer. The study found no significant differences in survival rates, side effects, or recurrence between 5-week and 8-week radiation therapy.
A new study found that sexual side effects of cancer treatment are discussed less frequently with female patients, who are asked about their sexual health 1 in 10 times, compared to 9 in 10 men. The disparity is also observed in clinical trials nationwide.
A new analysis by UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found that men with prostate cancer benefit from adding androgen deprivation therapy to radiation treatment. The study showed improved metastasis-free survival for patients receiving short-term ADT before or after radiation, especially in those receiving prostate-only RT.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a novel treatment that combines internal radiation and chemotherapy to eliminate tumors in 80% of mice with pancreatic cancer. The approach uses a gel-like depot implanted with radioactive iodine-131, which deposits beta radiation directly into the tumor without affecting surrounding tissue.
A new Northwestern Medicine study identifies common and rare gene mutations that impact radiation resistance and sensitivity. This information will allow clinicians to better calibrate radiation doses based on genetic mutations, improving treatment efficacy while reducing toxicity.
Researchers at UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Semel Institute identified the gene P300 as a potential therapeutic target for treatment-resistant brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme. By blocking P300, tumor cells can be prevented from recovering and growing under the hostile conditions created by radiation therapy.
Invasive breast cancer rates declined in childhood cancer survivors under age 40, largely due to reduced chest radiation therapy. Concurrent changes in other therapies may have tempered this trend, according to a study of 11,550 female survivors diagnosed between 1970 and 1999
UCF researchers have designed a cerium oxide nanoparticle to protect bones against radiation damage from cancer therapy. The treatment also improves bone regeneration and kills cancer cells, reducing the risk of bone fractures and tissue damage.
Researchers found that inhibiting GABA A receptors protects intestinal stem cells from chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced damage, reducing DNA damage and increasing survival. Flumazenil, an FDA-approved anti-sedative, shows promise in protecting the intestine from these toxic effects.
Researchers have discovered a cellular and molecular mechanism essential for intestinal epithelial regeneration. Progenitor cells modulate the production of mitogenic factors, controlling intestinal stem cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. This finding breaks new ground in research into counteracting radiotherapy side effects.
A phase 2 study found that combining nivolumab and ipilimumab showed a high response rate with durable results for patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma. The addition of stereotactic body radiation therapy did not improve efficacy in this dual checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
A study found that resiliency and family support play a crucial role in helping Hispanic breast cancer survivors manage lymphedema. Adaptations such as modifying work tasks and seeking support from family members enable survivors to maintain their quality of life.
A new study shows that PSMA PET/CT imaging can change treatment plans for nearly 50% of patients with prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. The imaging technique detected disease in 46.9% of patients, leading to major changes in treatment plans, including recommendations for additional treatments.
The center aims to develop and test advanced telehealth methods for cancer care, focusing on promoting health equity and addressing digital divides. Three principal investigators will lead the center, aiming to improve patient outcomes, communication, and healthcare use through telehealth strategies.
A new study suggests that betamethasone could improve outcomes for prostate cancer radiation therapy by protecting normal cells from injury and making cancer cells more susceptible to treatment. The research found that betamethasone increases hydrogen peroxide levels, activating a protective protein in non-cancerous cells.
Researchers investigated the effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-L1, and mucin expression in rectal cancer patients. The study found that nCRT exposure was associated with higher mucin expression and a non-significant difference in PD-L1 expression, suggesting an immunosuppressive phenotype.
Researchers discovered a new biomarker for radiation resistance in lung cancer, the PTEN mutation, and developed experimental inhibitors that can block DNA repair enzymes. This may lead to more targeted treatment approaches and improved patient outcomes.
This analysis evaluated changes in short-course radiation therapy use and spending on low-grade lymphoma patients from 2015 to 2019. The study found a significant increase in the use of this therapy among Medicare beneficiaries, suggesting potential cost savings and improved patient outcomes.
Updated long-term results from Phase III trials demonstrate significant benefits from combining procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy with radiation therapy for patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Patients with chromosome 1p19q codeleted tumors experienced improved overall survival and progression-free survival.
This volume of Oncotarget features groundbreaking research on various cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, and neuroblastoma, as well as novel drug targets for bladder cancer. The studies also delve into the role of BRCA in breast and colorectal cancers.
A study by Washington State University researchers found that Native Americans have to travel up to 103 miles farther than non-Hispanic whites to reach the nearest radiation therapy facility. This significant burden can lead to delayed or foregone treatment, resulting in poorer cancer outcomes.
A recent study by McMaster University researcher Timothy Whelan and his team has identified a specific group of patients with early stage breast cancer who can effectively treat their disease with just surgery and endocrine therapy. The study found that the recurrence of cancer in these patients was just 2.3% without radiotherapy.
Researchers have identified new biomarkers to detect non-small cell lung cancer in its early stages through a blood test, offering improved survival chances. The approach can also identify potential drug resistance, allowing clinicians to choose alternative treatment options.
A meta-analysis published in The Lancet Oncology suggests that targeted radiation therapy, which spares healthy brain tissue, is equitable to whole brain radiation therapy for patients with small cell lung cancer and brain metastases. This approach may improve their care experience with fewer negative cognitive consequences.
A combination of hormone therapy and pelvic lymph node radiation treatment significantly improved survival rates among patients with postoperative prostate cancer, extending their lives by nearly five years. This study published in The Lancet found that nearly 90% of clinical trial patients remained free from progression for five years.
A population-scale study found COVID-19 vaccination is effective in most cancer patients but offers lower protection and wanes quickly. Vaccine effectiveness was lower (65.5%) in cancer patients compared to the general population (69.8%), with higher hospitalization and death risks despite vaccination.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham have discovered two new DNA repair genes, SETD1A and BOD1L, which can make cancer cells more sensitive to radiotherapy. These findings may lead to improved treatment efficiency and patient outcomes by allowing clinicians to identify targeted treatments for specific patients.
The new ASTRO guideline provides guidance on radiation therapy for brain metastases, including evidence-based recommendations for multidisciplinary planning and delivery of advanced techniques to manage intact and resected brain tumors. The guideline aims to improve quality of life and outcomes for patients with brain metastases.
Cancer cells employ a unique defense mechanism to evade the effects of radiation treatment by exploiting an enzyme called Caspase-activated DNase (CAD). Removing CAD from cancer cells increases the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Researchers hope their discovery can lead to the development of targeted drugs to enhance cancer treatment.
A recent study found that black patients were significantly less likely to receive proton beam therapy for cancer compared to white patients. The study, which included over 5.2 million patients, also highlighted disparities in treatment based on racial background.
A study has identified a new protein, Creb-binding protein (CBP), as a prognostic marker for above-average patient survival in HPV-positive head and neck carcinoma. CBP inhibitors are being developed as targeted therapies that can improve quality of life by reducing side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Researchers compared long-term quality-of-life outcomes in women with breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy versus mastectomy and reconstruction without radiation therapy. Mastectomy and reconstruction was associated with lower overall quality of life, but not physical function or mental health.
A retrospective study found that higher coronary artery calcium score, higher pulmonary artery-to-aorta ratio, and lower thoracic skeletal muscle index independently predicted worse overall survival. The PA-to-aorta ratio was the most important predictor of overall survival.
Researchers at Columbia University are studying the effects of heavy ion radiation therapy on hard-to-treat cancers, aiming to improve treatment outcomes. The new linac booster will help scientists better understand how carbon ions work against cancer, potentially leading to more effective therapies.
Raising awareness about cardiac radiation exposure reduced the number of patients receiving high heart doses in lung cancer patients. The study found that standardized cardiac dose constraints improved patient care without minimizing tumor treatment or increasing dosage to other at-risk organs.
A study found that childhood cancer survivors who received combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy have a higher risk of dental developmental anomalies. The first signs of dental disturbances can appear within one or two years after treatment. Researchers identified specific treatments and age factors associated with increased DDA risk.
Researchers at Okayama University have created a new method to kill cancer cells using light-activated protein AR3, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. The approach uses green light to trigger apoptosis in targeted cells, offering a promising alternative to conventional treatments.
The project will develop a better understanding of nuclear radiation by integrating recent mathematical developments into radiation transport modelling. This will lead to improved nuclear safety, cancer radiotherapy, and shielding for astronauts from cosmic rays.
The new center aims to develop quantitative imaging markers to reduce subjectivity in medical image diagnosis and improve consistency. Researchers will explore cutting-edge imaging modalities and extract effective image features from existing clinical imaging modalities to aid in cancer detection and treatment.
A research team at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf has successfully tested irradiation with laser-accelerated protons on animals, paving the way for optimal radiation therapy. The method could make a decisive contribution to improving proton therapy, which is currently more complex and expensive than X-ray therapy.
Researchers will compare proton, carbon and electron radiotherapy to protect normal tissues from harm while controlling solid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, soft tissues throughout the body, and bones. The goal is to develop a more effective treatment with shorter duration and frequency.
A new study found that traditional Chinese medicine Shengmai Yin increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation, reducing radioresistance. By altering DNA methylation status, SMY enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy and reduces side effects.
A new phase II trial found that mid-treatment PET scans can help determine if patients with p16-positive oropharynx cancer can receive a lower dose of radiation therapy without compromising cancer control. The study reported fewer short-term side effects in patients who received de-escalated therapy.
A blood test detecting circulating tumor DNA can accurately predict recurrence of HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer following treatment. The biomarker test may detect recurrent disease earlier than imaging or other standard methods, allowing physicians to personalize treatment more quickly for patients whose cancer returns.
A new AI model combines multiple machine learning methods to accurately detect thyroid cancer and predict treatment outcomes from routine ultrasound images. The multimodal platform achieved high accuracy rates in detecting malignancies and predicting pathological stage and genomic mutations.
Researchers at IBiS have developed a new treatment that completely eliminated glioblastoma tumors in animal models, offering a new therapeutic option against this aggressive disease. The therapy combines the use of ADI-PEG20 with focal brain radiotherapy and has shown promising results without side effects.
Patients with severe coronary artery calcium have a significantly increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events during thoracic radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. The study found that patients with severe coronary artery calcium had a 21.4 times increased risk compared to those with no coronary artery calcium.
The ACC cardiooncology course is designed to educate clinicians on improving awareness, identification, monitoring, and management of cardiovascular diseases in cancer patients. The course aims to help clinicians minimize cardiotoxicity from cancer therapies, leading to improved overall survival and quality of life for oncology patients.
A research team from the University of Jena has made an important breakthrough in generating high-energy proton radiation using laser-plasma interaction. By precisely adjusting parameters such as foil thickness, laser focusing, and pulse duration, they have achieved a maximum energy yield that could enable the development of smaller an...
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital developed a safe and effective strategy to treat glioblastoma using short bursts of radiation therapy and nanoparticle-based immunotherapy. The combined approach suppresses tumor growth, induces anti-tumor immunity, and prolongs survival in animal models.
A recent study led by University at Buffalo researchers found that photobiomodulation reduces inflammation, improves blood flow and heals wounds up to 19 days faster. Light therapy accelerated skin healing from cancer radiation therapy by an average of 49-42 days.
A UCLA-led meta-analysis of individual patient data from three cohorts found that patients receiving high-dose external beam radiation therapy alone may benefit from longer androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) durations, while those with external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy boost may be optimally managed with shorter ADT. Th...
A new meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials found that adding androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to definitive radiotherapy prevents one cancer from metastasizing for every 10 to 15 men treated. Prolonging adjuvant ADT also showed significant benefits, while neoadjuvant ADT was not effective beyond two months.
Researchers found that glioma cells with mutated ATRX have reduced Chk1 activity, leading to dysregulated cell cycle and heightened sensitivity to ATM inhibitors. The study suggests that combining radiation therapy with these inhibitors may improve treatment outcomes for patients with this gene mutation.