Articles tagged with Diabetes
Diabetic women carrying two copies of the haptoglobin-2 gene are at risk of accelerated artery narrowing when taking antioxidant vitamins C and E. In contrast, those carrying the haptoglobin-1 variant experience a decreased rate of atherosclerosis when taking these vitamins.
Researchers at UT Southwestern have made significant progress in understanding lipodystrophies, rare disorders characterized by partial or total loss of fat tissues. Recent studies have identified gene mutations and novel therapeutic approaches for these patients, which may also be applicable to obese individuals with abnormal fat dist...
A study published in Diabetes Care found that diabetes reduces life expectancy by 12 years, with men living 64.7 years and women 70.7 years compared to the general population. Eradicating diabetes would increase life expectancy by 2.8 years for men and 2.6 years for women.
Researchers found a link between the two diseases, with mutations in HNF-1a protein interfering with PKHD1 gene transcription. This discovery may lead to similar therapeutic approaches for both MODY5 and polycystic kidney disease.
A researcher is studying how diabetes affects ganglion cells and developing a potential treatment using sigma receptor ligands. The goal is to prevent ganglion cell death and the growth of new blood vessels that obstruct vision.
Patients who develop diabetes after kidney transplant experience poorer outcomes, including higher rates of infection and recurrent infections. Tight control of glucose levels is crucial for these patients to remain healthy.
Researchers found that achieving basal growth hormone levels of less than 2.5 µg/liter and glucose-suppressed GH levels of less than one µg/liter may not minimize cardiovascular risks in acromegaly patients. Instead, these patients are at increased risk for conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and osteoarthritis.
A large cohort study reveals that diabetes significantly increases the risk of developing chronic liver disease and liver cancer. Regular testing of liver enzymes is recommended for patients with diabetes to monitor for potential toxicity.
Research by Martin Muurling found that mice on low-fat diets were more sensitive to insulin, suggesting a low-fat diet may be a more effective remedy for diabetes. The study also showed that consuming fish oil had no positive effects on reduced insulin sensitivity.
A study examining trends in adults with diagnosed diabetes found that only a small percentage met recommended targets for HbA1c, blood pressure, and total cholesterol. The authors highlight the need for ongoing monitoring, empowering clinicians and patients to improve care quality and reduce vascular disease risk.
Researchers have discovered a link between the ratio of two energy-compounds and increased blood flow in brain cells. By modulating this ratio, scientists can better understand how blood circulation is activated in the brain, potentially leading to new treatments for diseases like Alzheimer's and diabetes.
Low cardiorespiratory fitness in young adulthood is associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome. Improving fitness over 7 years was linked to reduced risk, but weight changes may have offset this benefit.
A study published in The Journal of the American Medical Association found that fitness in young adulthood can significantly reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Improving fitness levels by 50% or more can decrease these risks by as much as 50%.
Scientists discovered a chemical relay that controls whether the body burns sugars or fats for energy. The discovery may help design better treatments for insulin resistance and ultimately prevent adult-onset diabetes.
A high-saturated-fat diet combined with starch avoidance yielded significant weight loss in a 6-week study, with patients losing 5% of their body weight. The diet restricts calories and focuses on protein from red meat and cheese, while limiting fruits and non-starchy vegetables.
A recent study by Michigan Medicine found that only 5% of patients and physicians agreed on their top three treatment goals, but nearly half shared one strategy. Patients who prioritized their healthcare goals with their doctors reported better diabetes management outcomes.
The JAK2 enzyme plays a dual role, protecting brain cells from Alzheimer's disease and blocking cell death pathways. However, it also causes damage to blood vessels in diabetics, leading to hypertension, kidney failure, and other age-related diseases.
Researchers have discovered that smaller protein structures called protofibrils are more toxic to cells than mature fibrils in type II diabetes and other age-related diseases. The study suggests that targeting earlier stages of protofibril formation may be a more effective approach to developing treatments.
Researchers have discovered a potential therapeutic target for treating hyperglycemic damage in endothelial cells, which is linked to both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Inhibiting GAPDH activity by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase could activate three major pathways of damage, providing new avenues for treatment.
Researchers found increased COX-2 protein expression and changes in TXA2 and PGE2 levels in the Obese Zucker rat, which led to kidney damage. The study suggests that COX-2 inhibitors may be beneficial for preventing renal damage in obesity-related type II diabetes.
A new animal study found that PKC may contribute to reduced erectile response in diabetic-obese Zucker rats. The researchers observed increased protein expression of PKC isozymes and Rho-kinase b in the corpus cavernosum, suggesting a role for PKC in vasoconstriction and reduced erectile function.
A study found that people with glaucoma and macular degeneration had lower rates of annual eye exams compared to those with diabetes. The study suggests that changes in medical practice are necessary to improve patient compliance and prevent visual loss.
Researchers have discovered an engineered mouse that can eat a high-fat diet without gaining weight or developing diabetes. The mouse lacks the SCD-1 gene, which affects fat production and glucose regulation. As a result, muscle cells are more sensitive to insulin, enabling them to absorb glucose and regulate blood sugar levels.
A post-hoc analysis of the LIFE study found that losartan significantly reduced sudden cardiac death in diabetic patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy compared to atenolol. The results showed a nearly 50% risk reduction in sudden death for losartan-treated patients.
A post-hoc analysis of the LIFE study found a close to 50% risk reduction in sudden death among losartan-treated diabetic patients compared to those treated with atenolol. Lars Lindholm comments that the results are exploratory and require confirmation.
A recent study found that providing Medicare coverage to previously uninsured adults increases access to life-saving preventive tests like cancer and cholesterol screenings. The gap in testing rates narrows significantly after eligibility.
Researchers have developed a mouse embryonic stem cell model that can differentiate into pancreatic precursor cells and islet cells producing four types of hormones. This study could provide valuable insights into normal pancreatic development and potentially lead to better stem cell-based therapies for diabetes.
A protein called PPAR-alpha is critical to this process, and the liver plays a key role in explaining the high incidence of diabetes and hypertension in obese individuals. The study suggests that understanding how steroids cause side effects may help prevent these disorders.
Researchers found that 13.5% of patients with heart failure were prescribed metformin or thiazolidinediones in 1998-99, increasing to 24.4% by 2000-01. These medications are recommended against for patients with significant heart failure symptoms due to potential side effects.
Rutgers University has been awarded millions by the NIH for its genetic research efforts, expanding its capabilities to study disease genetics globally. The new funding will support researchers in studying common pools of subjects to identify genes predisposing individuals to diseases.
Pre-diabetic adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are nearly twice as likely to die from any cancer and four times more likely to die from colon cancer compared to those with normal glucose tolerance. Researchers suggest that high insulin levels may promote the development of cancer cells, but prevention methods are unclear.
A new study found that Neoral is as effective as tacrolimus in preventing acute rejection but better tolerated, with lower rates of diabetes and diarrhoea. The study analyzed 499 patients and showed significant differences in tolerability between the two immunosuppressive therapies.
A study found that people with diabetes in Saskatchewan accounted for $134.3 million in health care expenditures, with major comorbidities contributing to 36.4% of these costs. Targeted strategies to prevent diabetes could produce substantial savings and improved health outcomes.
Researchers found that blood vessel formation in the pancreas is crucial for normal insulin production in fetuses. Exendin-4, a pancreatic hormone analog, can rescue insulin-producing cells and prevent diabetes by regulating PDX protein.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine found a potential new treatment for type-2 diabetes that also reduces the risk of heart disease. The study showed that rosiglitazone, a common diabetes medication, can decrease inflammation and lower cardiovascular risk factors.
Diabetes self-management education is crucial for patients to make healthy decisions about meal planning and physical activity. Primary care physicians play a vital role in educating patients and addressing psychosocial impacts of diabetes, which can affect patient outcomes.
Research found that women with preeclampsia or gestational diabetes are at higher risk of developing insulin resistance and high blood pressure after delivery. The study suggests that monitoring for these conditions during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease later on.
Researchers have developed genetically modified fat that protects mice from obesity and insulin resistance by increasing adiponectin production. The study suggests that knocking out the Dgat1 gene perturbs the metabolic function of fat tissue, leading to increased energy expenditure and improved insulin sensitivity.
The guidelines recommend close monitoring of modifiable risk factors like obesity and immunosuppressive therapy, as well as careful selection of immunosuppressive agents. Effective management can reduce patient numbers affected and ensure long-term success of the transplant, maintaining quality of life and reducing healthcare costs.
Two studies found a strong connection between diabetes, hypertension, and serious eye disease, particularly among black populations. Higher systolic blood pressure and poor diabetes control increase the risk of diabetic retinopathy and related conditions like open-angle glaucoma.
In a six-month clinical trial, participants on a low-carbohydrate diet lost an average of 13 pounds and reduced triglyceride levels by 20%, compared to 4 pounds and 4% for the low-fat group. Insulin sensitivity improved in non-diabetic participants and blood sugar levels decreased in diabetic patients on the low-carbohydrate diet.
Improving patient-physician communication is crucial to overcoming the barriers of low health literacy, according to Dr. Darren A. DeWalt. Studies have shown that patients recall only half of what healthcare providers tell them, and factors like anxiety and severe illness can further impede this process.
Researchers found that poorly controlled diabetes in adults aged 60 and older is associated with lower cognitive function scores. The study suggests that improving blood sugar control may help reverse dementia related to diabetes.
Researchers have successfully used syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to prevent autoimmune diabetes in mice, providing a promising new approach for treating genetic disorders. This breakthrough is made possible by the discovery of natural gene therapy mechanisms that can reverse mutations causing rare inherited diseases...
In a study, mice fasted every other day had lower blood glucose and insulin levels than control or calorically restricted groups. Meal-skipping also improved nerve cell resistance to neurotoxin injury, suggesting potential benefits for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers discovered that PERK enzyme is a key regulator of protein synthesis in humans, leading to growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities and diabetes. Treatments targeting IGF-1 may offer therapeutic interventions for diseases like Wolcott-Rallison Syndrome.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have made a breakthrough in developing a gene therapy that can cure diabetes in mice. The treatment uses the NeuroD gene to induce liver cells to produce insulin and other hormones associated with the pancreas' endocrine system.
A study published in Cell identified the function of PPARd, a key receptor that regulates how fat is used. The receptor was found to regulate adaptive thermogenesis, a physiological defense against obesity.
Researchers found that prenatal ethanol exposure led to partial central diabetes insipidus in young adult rats, characterized by increased water consumption and reduced vasopressin release. This finding may provide insight into the pathogenesis of diabetes insipidus and offer potential treatment targets for this debilitating disorder.
A study published in Diabetes Care found that alpha lipoic acid significantly improved symptoms of diabetic neuropathy, including a 5.7-point total symptom score improvement. The treatment had no unfavorable side effects and may be a promising lead for future research into the cause and prevention of diabetic neuropathy.
A study found that men with high CRP levels were 3.8 times more likely to experience a stroke over 10-15 years compared to those with low CRP levels. The researchers also discovered that inflammation may trigger stroke by causing cell growth, cholesterol accumulation, and plaque formation in blood vessels.
A new study suggests that nearly 90 percent of healthy diabetes patients have experienced brain volume loss, potentially contributing to cognitive decline. The research, led by Drs. Jitendra Sharma and Richard Chan, used MRI scans to compare brain health in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals within the same age cohort.
Researchers identify APOE genotype as significant risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, a condition that can lead to severe complications such as amputations and chronic pain. The study suggests that biomarkers like the APOE 3/4 or 4/4 genotypes could help direct intensive interventions to patients at high risk.
Research highlights the role of WNK kinases in regulating thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransport, a key mechanism for maintaining electrolyte balance. Additionally, studies investigate the immunomodulatory effects of WNK kinases on pulmonary inflammation and diabetes, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets.
A study found that veterans with diabetes spent a significant amount of time in hospital and outpatient services, with nearly 40% hospitalized one or more times per year. The patients faced a high risk of dying within a given year, with approximately 6% at risk of mortality.
Researchers found an inverse relationship between upper leg length and diabetes, with shorter legs associated with higher risk. White women and Mexican-American women showed increased likelihood of diabetes for each centimeter less of ULL.
The number of ramipril prescriptions for elderly Ontario residents increased significantly after the release of HOPE's results, peaking at 304/100 000 in May 2000. This surge in prescribing was attributed to widespread media coverage of the study's success.
Mortality rates from cancer, stroke, heart disease, and HIV/AIDS declined significantly in Los Angeles County over the past decade. However, age-adjusted mortality from diabetes remained disproportionately high among African-American and Latino populations.
Researchers found that plasma glucose levels were poorly correlated with birth weight, and factors like smoking, pregnancy weight, and weight gain during pregnancy were more important predictors. The authors also questioned the historic link between gestational diabetes and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates.
Researchers discovered a promising drug, benfotiamine, that completely blocked three biochemical pathways damaging blood vessels in diabetic rats. The study found that benfotiamine successfully normalized retinal tissue and prevented diabetic retinopathy in the animals.