Articles tagged with Disease Prevention
A recent study has deciphered the near-atomic structure of filaments called 'pili' that extend from the surface of bacteria causing traveler's diarrhea. This breakthrough may lead to the development of new treatments and vaccines for the disease.
A systematic review found that moderate milk and dairy consumption during pregnancy and childhood can reduce the risk of frailty, sarcopenia, and certain types of cancer. The study also suggested that low-fat dairy products may have a protective effect against cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
The PHOENIx MDR-TB study compares the safety and efficacy of delamanid and isoniazid in preventing active MDR-TB disease in at-risk contacts. The trial will enroll approximately 5,610 participants across 12 countries.
Researchers from IKBFU discover that pine nut shells contain a carbohydrate-mineral complex rich in fibres and vitamins. This processed product is non-toxic and increases physical endurance, making it recommended as a sports nutrition product.
Shoukhrat Mitalipov, a germline gene therapy pioneer, argues that existing regulations can be strengthened to allow safe treatment. His 17-year-old son Paul also co-authored the editorial, highlighting the importance of understanding gene editing for non-scientists.
The Humanwide program at Stanford Medicine combines cutting-edge tools and a collaborative team-based method to provide proactive, personalized care. The pilot program successfully identified previously overlooked health conditions and future health risks in patients, setting them on a path to avoid serious medical problems.
Researchers have developed a new therapeutic strategy that targets the MLCK1 enzyme to restore epithelial barrier function and prevent gastrointestinal disease. By preserving and restoring the gut's critical lining of cells, this approach may help break the cycle of inflammation driving chronic diseases.
David Julian McClements, a renowned expert in nanotechnology, has won the Nicolas Appert Award for his work on functional foods and omega-3 fatty acids. Hang Xiao, a Clydesdale Scholar, received the Babcock-Hart Award for his research on dietary components that prevent chronic diseases.
A UMass Amherst study reveals that citrus compounds can decrease inflammation in the colon by transforming into powerful anti-inflammatory agents through gut bacteria. The research aims to develop diet-based strategies to prevent and treat colon-related diseases.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong create innovative method to transport micro-droplets using capillary force on slippery surface, enabling detection of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria in biomedical analysis. This technology has potential applications in fog collection, water harvesting, heat exchangers, and other fields.
Researchers isolated antibodies from human survivors of Andes hantavirus infection that protected hamsters against the deadly disease. The antibodies shielded animals even after administration, suggesting they could be used as a preventative treatment for hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.
Data from Neuroscience 2018 presents genetic deletion of SARM1 protecting axons and reducing biomarkers of neurodegeneration. SARM1 inhibition provides critical insight into developing disease-modifying therapeutics for patients with axonal degeneration.
Researchers at WSU have developed an implantable, biofuel-powered sensor that runs on glucose from body fluids to monitor biological signals. The sensor has shown high sensitivity in processing physiological and biochemical signals, making it a promising tool for disease detection.
The NIAID Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Research prioritizes expanding fundamental knowledge of TB by using modern tools to better understand the disease. The plan also focuses on developing rapidly accurate inexpensive point-of-care tests for different forms of TB, as well as identifying host and microbial biomarkers.
The incidence of tickborne infections in the US has risen significantly over the past decade. Lyme disease, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, accounts for most reported cases, with over 30,000 annual cases in the US but an estimated 10 times that number.
Researchers found weight loss over 40 years linked to significant bone deterioration, increasing fracture risk by almost three-fold. Weight-bearing exercise and balanced diet may help counteract negative effects on the skeleton.
The NIH summit recommends a precision medicine approach to Alzheimer's treatment and prevention, with a focus on developing interventions tailored to an individual's unique risk profile. The recommendations aim to build a collaborative research ecosystem capable of delivering urgently needed cures for people at all stages of the disease.
A new Quick Response (QR) code-based system allows patients with Addison's disease to receive urgent clinical management information, improving emergency care. Healthcare professionals expressed a preference for QR code-linked information, and the system has shown promise in preventing unnecessary deaths linked to adrenal crisis.
Amino acid transporters are essential for capturing nutrients from blood vessels, which can be blocked by specific inhibitors to treat diseases. Blocking these functions can also enhance inhibition or excitation in the brain, a strategy used to treat chronic pain and possibly schizophrenia.
Shifting physicians' roles from transactional tasks to personalized care would enhance patient outcomes. Physicians would diagnose and provide tailored care, synthesizing data and advocating for patients.
Researchers discovered that a common blood pressure medication, methyldopa, can prevent the onset of type 1 diabetes in up to 60% of those at risk by blocking a specific molecule. The study used a supercomputer and found that methyldopa not only blocks the DQ8 molecule but also doesn't harm other immune cells.
A daily insulin pill did not slow down or prevent type 1 diabetes development among individuals with a higher risk of developing the disease. The trial involved 560 participants who received either oral insulin or a placebo, and found that time to diagnosis was not significantly different between groups.
Researchers found that topical application of Resolvin E1 on gum tissues prevented and treated gum disease, while also reducing the likelihood of advanced arterial plaque rupture. The study suggests effective preventive and therapeutic treatments for heart disease and gum disease without unwanted side effects.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have discovered a link between inflammation and autophagy, a cellular process that breaks down harmful elements. This understanding could lead to more effective treatments for gut diseases like colon cancer, Crohn's, and ulcerative colitis.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have discovered a new cattle disease called Facial Dysplasia Syndrome, which causes facial deformations and breathing problems in young calves. The disease is linked to a genetic mutation found in semen from one breeding bull, and its identification could help prevent further cases.
A new report from The Lancet Commission highlights opportunities to improve health in Sub-Saharan Africa by seizing the workforce's growth and transforming health systems. The report emphasizes the need for prevention, public health, and primary care, as well as addressing emerging challenges like non-communicable diseases.
The new 9vHPV vaccine targets nine high-risk HPV types, significantly reducing the risk of cervical cancer, genital warts, and HPV-related vulvar and vaginal cancers. The study found that the vaccine is highly effective in preventing HPV infection and disease, with a 97.7% reduction in risk.
A new study suggests that metabolically healthy obese adults consuming a diet high in unsaturated fats may be able to decrease their total cholesterol by 10 points. However, replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats does not aid in weight loss.
Researchers found that low leg fat mass is a crucial factor in lean individuals at increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases, similar to lipodystrophy phenotypes. The study suggests personalized prevention and treatment strategies for metabolically unhealthy lean people.
A new study by Washington University in St. Louis found that access to quality health care for persons with disabilities has decreased significantly between 2004 and 2014 in Afghanistan.
Researchers have discovered that a gene called Mt2 in Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes produces an enzyme that blocks the transmission of deadly diseases. The study suggests that this mechanism can be replicated without Wolbachia, potentially opening new avenues for disease control without releasing modified insects into the wild.
Podoconiosis is preventable by wearing shoes in areas with red clay minerals, yet many Ethiopian children have misconceptions about the disease and its prevention. Research found that children believed barefoot exposure to dew or pond water was a risk factor, despite knowing symptoms and benefits of proper footwear.
Researchers at RMIT University have successfully completed phase one human trials of ingestible capsules that measure gas levels in the gastrointestinal tract. The technology has demonstrated thousands of times more sensitivity to gut gases than alternative methods, offering a reliable diagnostic tool for colon cancer.
The Cornell University-led Northeast Regional Center for Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases aims to educate a cadre of vector biologists and public health practitioners through new courses and a master's program. The center will conduct applied research to prevent, control, monitor, track and respond to vector-borne disease outbreaks.
Researchers conclude that vitamin D supplementation does not improve musculoskeletal outcomes such as falls or fractures. For those at high risk of deficiency, sunlight exposure and diet should be prioritized, with low-dose supplements considered on an individual basis.
A new report by the International Osteoporosis Foundation identifies 10 major care gaps that are preventing early assessment and treatment of osteoporosis. The report highlights the need for better case finding, communication, and public awareness to tackle the global healthcare crisis arising from fragility fractures.
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for latent tuberculosis infection in people at increased risk due to their birthplace or living history. Treatment of LTBI with CDC-recommended regimens provides a moderate health benefit in preventing disease progression.
Researchers developed a predictive tool to assess future SCD risk among the general population. Key findings include traditional risk factors like smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and specific SCD-related predictors and biomarkers.
Researchers identified otulipenia as a rare inflammatory disease affecting young children, characterized by fever, skin rashes, diarrhea, and joint pain. The condition is caused by the malfunction of OTULIN, a single gene on chromosome 5, leading to an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines.
A new cost-effectiveness tool provides guidance on preventing and treating rheumatic heart disease, recommending prioritization of primary prevention services. The tool suggests that prevention is more cost-effective than treatment, with primary prevention being likely to be cost-saving in the long-term.
This study found that traumatic dental injuries are a significant concern in Canada, particularly among young athletes engaged in violent sports like ice hockey. The research highlights the need for effective dental care strategies to mitigate future trauma and promote oral health.
A new study suggests that higher late-life cognitive reserve is linked to lower incidence and severity of delirium in older surgical patients. Participating in cognitively stimulating activities such as reading, singing, or playing computer games may help protect against delirium.
A nationwide clinical study aims to prevent and cure asthma in children at high risk, using a bacterial extract as treatment. The study enrolls over 1,000 babies from 6 to 18 months old and documents whether they develop fewer asthma symptoms than those receiving a placebo.
Researchers developed a risk prediction model integrating 19 environmental and lifestyle risk factors with 64 common genetic risk factors to identify individuals at high risk of developing colorectal cancer. The model aims to improve colonoscopies for those at higher risk, while avoiding unnecessary procedures for low-risk individuals.
The £43m study will create the biggest collection of scans of internal organs, transforming the way scientists study diseases like dementia, arthritis, cancer, heart attacks, and strokes. This will give new perspectives on preventing and treating multi-faceted conditions.
Researchers discovered a microbial biomarker that distinguishes premature infants at risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) from those who don't. Infants with NEC had higher Gammaproteobacteria and lower anaerobic bacteria in their guts compared to controls.
A Harvard-Dartmouth study found that Zipf distributions of risk for diseases, such as HIV and heart attacks, lead pharmaceutical companies to invest more in treatments than preventives. This is because vaccine revenue depends on finer details about population risk, making it challenging to find a 'sweet spot' for pricing.
Emerging genetic tools for mitochondrial DNA replacement offer the potential to prevent a multi-system genetic disease, but also raise questions about unintended risks to children and their descendants. The tools aim to prevent mother-to-child transmission of mitochondrial DNA disease.
The CRISPR-Cas9 system could be used to bias mosquito populations from deadly females toward harmless males, reducing the spread of diseases. Genetic strategies are currently underway but face challenges such as cost and scalability.
A new study based on the Framingham Heart Study data reveals a progressive decline in dementia incidence over nearly 40 years, with a 20% reduction per decade since the 1970s. The decline was more pronounced in persons with high school education and above, suggesting the importance of effective prevention strategies.
A major population of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with genetic evidence of overwintering has been discovered in a Capitol Hill neighborhood. This finding poses a real threat to public health, particularly pregnant women and vulnerable populations, due to the mosquito's ability to adapt to northern climates.
The Biogerontology Research Foundation proposes classifying aging as a disease to tackle chronic conditions and attract resources to aging research. The proposed classification system would provide a framework for treating aging as a unique, multisystemic disease, alleviating financial, social, and moral burdens.
The paper calls for creating a task force to evaluate the classification of aging as a disease in ICD-11. Classifying aging as a disease could help shift the focus from treatment to prevention, attracting more resources to aging research and business cases for pharmaceutical companies.
A recent review article by UC Riverside-led researcher Peter Graystock highlights the risks of managed bees to wild bees, including disease transmission and population declines. The study recommends improved disease screening, unified international regulations, and conservation efforts to mitigate these effects.
A 24-year study found that chronic diseases disproportionately affect Bangladesh's poor, with mortality rates increasing dramatically among the lowest-income households. The shift underscores how chronic diseases have become 'diseases of poverty', dragging more people into poverty.
A study of 2176 cognitively normal participants found that those with multiple chronic conditions were 38% more likely to develop mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Preventing chronic diseases may help maintain mental health in aging adults.
A researcher developed a Public Health Index (PHI) model to identify top health risks for chronic diseases among specific populations. The tool balances magnitude, severity and urgency of health issues with intervention effectiveness and cost.
A group of top doctors and scientists propose a paradigm shift in NCD prevention and treatment, emphasizing the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles. They suggest integrating and collaborating with various stakeholders, including governments, companies, and organizations, to create effective change.
Researchers at UGA developed a way to predict which rodent species are most likely to be sources of new disease outbreaks in humans. By analyzing over 2,000 rodent species and their associated pathogens, they identified potential future hot spots for infectious diseases.
A new study reports that bathing patients in chlorhexidine was equally effective in preventing MRSA transmission as current contact precautions, reducing contamination events by 29%. The research challenges the practice of limiting patient contact and may provide a cheaper alternative strategy for improving patient care.