Articles tagged with Disease Prevention
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new cost-effectiveness tool provides guidance on preventing and treating rheumatic heart disease, recommending prioritization of primary prevention services. The tool suggests that prevention is more cost-effective than treatment, with primary prevention being likely to be cost-saving in the long-term.
This study found that traumatic dental injuries are a significant concern in Canada, particularly among young athletes engaged in violent sports like ice hockey. The research highlights the need for effective dental care strategies to mitigate future trauma and promote oral health.
A new study suggests that higher late-life cognitive reserve is linked to lower incidence and severity of delirium in older surgical patients. Participating in cognitively stimulating activities such as reading, singing, or playing computer games may help protect against delirium.
A nationwide clinical study aims to prevent and cure asthma in children at high risk, using a bacterial extract as treatment. The study enrolls over 1,000 babies from 6 to 18 months old and documents whether they develop fewer asthma symptoms than those receiving a placebo.
Researchers developed a risk prediction model integrating 19 environmental and lifestyle risk factors with 64 common genetic risk factors to identify individuals at high risk of developing colorectal cancer. The model aims to improve colonoscopies for those at higher risk, while avoiding unnecessary procedures for low-risk individuals.
The £43m study will create the biggest collection of scans of internal organs, transforming the way scientists study diseases like dementia, arthritis, cancer, heart attacks, and strokes. This will give new perspectives on preventing and treating multi-faceted conditions.
Researchers discovered a microbial biomarker that distinguishes premature infants at risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) from those who don't. Infants with NEC had higher Gammaproteobacteria and lower anaerobic bacteria in their guts compared to controls.
A Harvard-Dartmouth study found that Zipf distributions of risk for diseases, such as HIV and heart attacks, lead pharmaceutical companies to invest more in treatments than preventives. This is because vaccine revenue depends on finer details about population risk, making it challenging to find a 'sweet spot' for pricing.
Emerging genetic tools for mitochondrial DNA replacement offer the potential to prevent a multi-system genetic disease, but also raise questions about unintended risks to children and their descendants. The tools aim to prevent mother-to-child transmission of mitochondrial DNA disease.
The CRISPR-Cas9 system could be used to bias mosquito populations from deadly females toward harmless males, reducing the spread of diseases. Genetic strategies are currently underway but face challenges such as cost and scalability.
A new study based on the Framingham Heart Study data reveals a progressive decline in dementia incidence over nearly 40 years, with a 20% reduction per decade since the 1970s. The decline was more pronounced in persons with high school education and above, suggesting the importance of effective prevention strategies.
A major population of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with genetic evidence of overwintering has been discovered in a Capitol Hill neighborhood. This finding poses a real threat to public health, particularly pregnant women and vulnerable populations, due to the mosquito's ability to adapt to northern climates.
The Biogerontology Research Foundation proposes classifying aging as a disease to tackle chronic conditions and attract resources to aging research. The proposed classification system would provide a framework for treating aging as a unique, multisystemic disease, alleviating financial, social, and moral burdens.
The paper calls for creating a task force to evaluate the classification of aging as a disease in ICD-11. Classifying aging as a disease could help shift the focus from treatment to prevention, attracting more resources to aging research and business cases for pharmaceutical companies.
A recent review article by UC Riverside-led researcher Peter Graystock highlights the risks of managed bees to wild bees, including disease transmission and population declines. The study recommends improved disease screening, unified international regulations, and conservation efforts to mitigate these effects.
A 24-year study found that chronic diseases disproportionately affect Bangladesh's poor, with mortality rates increasing dramatically among the lowest-income households. The shift underscores how chronic diseases have become 'diseases of poverty', dragging more people into poverty.
A study of 2176 cognitively normal participants found that those with multiple chronic conditions were 38% more likely to develop mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Preventing chronic diseases may help maintain mental health in aging adults.
A researcher developed a Public Health Index (PHI) model to identify top health risks for chronic diseases among specific populations. The tool balances magnitude, severity and urgency of health issues with intervention effectiveness and cost.
A group of top doctors and scientists propose a paradigm shift in NCD prevention and treatment, emphasizing the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles. They suggest integrating and collaborating with various stakeholders, including governments, companies, and organizations, to create effective change.
Researchers at UGA developed a way to predict which rodent species are most likely to be sources of new disease outbreaks in humans. By analyzing over 2,000 rodent species and their associated pathogens, they identified potential future hot spots for infectious diseases.
A new study reports that bathing patients in chlorhexidine was equally effective in preventing MRSA transmission as current contact precautions, reducing contamination events by 29%. The research challenges the practice of limiting patient contact and may provide a cheaper alternative strategy for improving patient care.
Researchers found a link between vitamin D deficiency and chronic diseases such as cognitive decline, depression, and osteoporosis in older adults. The study highlights the need for universal guidelines on testing and treating vitamin D deficiency to prevent age-related disorders.
A comprehensive analysis found that the NIH spends only 7-9% of its budget on behavioral interventions to prevent NCDs, despite 70% of US deaths being due to these diseases. Increasing funding for prevention research could save lives and reduce healthcare costs.
The latest issue of Global Heart explores the challenges of delivering critical care in resource-limited settings, where cardiovascular disease is emerging rapidly. Key findings include the need for effective diagnostic resources and treatments for conditions like sepsis, ARDS, and pulmonary vascular disease.
Scientists have identified a weak spot in the life cycle of malaria parasites, where female parasites store fat differently to males. This discovery could lead to new drugs targeting the fat molecule gABCG2, potentially preventing the spread of the disease.
Endemic infectious diseases continue to affect millions of individuals in the US, with racial and ethnic minorities disproportionately affected. Emerging vector-borne and zoonotic disease infections are threatening new areas and populations.
A study published in Blood demonstrated that the C1s antibody prevents the destruction of human red blood cells exposed to patient autoantibodies in cold agglutinin disease. The antibody inhibits Complement deposition on the red blood cell membrane, preventing macrophage engagement and lysis.
Research finds that protein TG2 enables bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis to adhere to cells, and blocking its associations prevents bacterial adhesion. The study provides insight into a potential target for preventing gum disease.
A study by Bowling Green State University researchers suggests a correlation between excessive tanning and mental health symptoms such as OCD and BDD. The findings indicate that prevention messages may not be effective for those with these conditions, highlighting the need for further assessment and treatment.
Researchers found that even modest weight reduction (5%) can significantly improve OSA and metabolism in overweight patients, preventing disease progression over four years. The study provides first-time long-term evidence of the effectiveness of weight loss in managing OSA.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to evaluate the effectiveness of drug alternatives to antibiotics in limiting disease spread. These treatments can prevent infections from evolving too quickly, but also increase the risk of disease transmission.
Research suggests that breast cancer ads can be ineffective when they emphasize a woman's vulnerability, leading to motivated forgetting. This phenomenon occurs when people feel threatened about their gender or social identity, causing them to suppress memories of the ad and its message.
A study found that First Nations adults with diabetes are more than double the risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. The high rates of kidney disease among First Nations people are attributed to younger onset of diabetes, leading to increased survival time and likelihood of progression to end-stage renal disease.
Researchers discovered a disease mechanism in type 1 diabetes that can be targeted using simple, naturally occurring molecules like TUDCA. The study highlights the potential for improving ER function and reducing the incidence of T1D in high-risk populations.
Carl Nathan, MD, receives $20,000 prize for discoveries in immunology; monograph published in Molecular Medicine explores inspiration and purpose in scientific inquiry. The Anthony Cerami Award aims to document innovations and discoveries in medicine and healthcare.
Two neurology researchers propose that prion-like protein aggregates drive multiple brain diseases associated with aging. These seeds disrupt nervous system function and can stimulate the aggregation of other proteins, suggesting therapeutic strategies to combat these diseases.
Researchers at the Montreal Heart Institute have discovered a new compound that prevents valve deterioration and can even reverse aortic valve stenosis. The treatment could help avoid major complications of heart surgery and prevent heart failure and sudden death.
A study found that only a few low-and middle-income countries have implemented robust national policies to prevent noncommunicable diseases, such as reducing fat and salt intake. The majority of these countries lack adequate strategies to promote healthier diets and physical activity.
Research reveals that non-pathogenic bacteria naturally occurring in the human intestine can eliminate Stx from the intestinal contents and completely prevent HUS in a mouse model.
A small-scale clinical study investigated the effects of eating one Hass avocado a day on risk factors for cardiovascular disease compared to similar moderate fat diets. The research suggests that avocados may offer unique benefits beyond their monounsaturated fat content, contributing to greater cardiovascular health benefits.
A new report highlights regulating alcohol outlet density as an effective strategy to reduce excessive drinking and related harms. By limiting outlets per population or using land-use powers, localities can address excessive drinking and create healthier communities.
Researchers have developed nanomedicines that home specifically to damaged tissue to repair it, preventing tissue damage in inflammatory conditions. These tiny, targeted drug particles have the potential to treat chronic diseases without side effects.
Researchers have found a gene associated with an unusual type of cholesterol that increases the risk of developing aortic stenosis, the most common form of heart valve disease. High levels of Lipoprotein (a) cholesterol are predicted primarily by an individual's genetic make-up.
A study published in the Journal of Immunology suggests that blocking the activity of C5aR can effectively prevent and treat periodontitis. Researchers found that mice treated with a molecule blocking C5aR developed less inflammation and bone loss compared to those without treatment.
A six-year study found a correlation between vitamin D3 serum levels and subsequent incidence of Type 1 diabetes, suggesting a preventive role for vitamin D3 in this disease. Researchers estimate that achieving an optimal serum level of 25(OH)D at 50 ng/ml can lower the risk of developing type 1 diabetes by half.
Researchers at Rutgers University found a protein defect that leads to axtaxia-telangiectasia, a degenerative disease affecting cerebellum and brain function. Treating the defective protein with TSA restored motor coordination in mice, suggesting potential reversal of symptoms.
A study found exemestane significantly worsens age-related decreases in bone mineral density by three times, even with adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
Researchers have identified retroviruses and herpesviruses in illegally imported wildlife products, highlighting the potential public health risk of the illegal wildlife trade. The study suggests that surveillance at ports can help prevent disease emergence.
Researchers identified two substances in licorice root that kill major bacteria responsible for tooth decay and gum disease. Licoricidin and licorisoflavan A were found to be effective antibacterial substances, potentially treating or preventing oral infections.
A lack of understanding about the healthcare system leads to suboptimal treatment adherence and preventable outcomes. Education, including high school courses and community programs, is key to empowering patients and promoting optimal health.
Healthy mouth bacteria provide ideal conditions for gum disease to develop, according to research from Queen Mary University of London. The study found that manipulating normal bacteria in the mouth can prevent periodontal disease, a condition affecting 54% of adults in the UK.
The NIH study found that etanercept reduces symptom frequency and severity in TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) patients. However, long-term treatment effects on preventing amyloidosis are uncertain.
Researchers at Douglas Mental Health University Institute are launching the world's first prevention study on Alzheimer's disease. They will recruit 250 healthy adults aged 60 or over with a family history of the condition and observe their biomarkers for ten years to find preventative agents.
Experts urge collective global effort to stem cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and other major health challenges. A United Nations summit will draw on experiences from the HIV/AIDS pandemic, promoting research, prevention, and treatment efforts.
The new decade of vaccines brings hope for disease prevention through innovative technologies like glycoconjugate vaccines and reverse vaccinology. Despite challenges, vaccines have already led to significant reductions in morbidity and mortality due to diseases like smallpox, measles, and meningitis.
Researchers aim to efficiently identify more HIV-infected people through expanded voluntary testing programs. They also seek innovative approaches to curing HIV/AIDS by eradicating or suppressing the virus in infected individuals.
The ENERCA network has published a series of recommendations for disease management and prevention of complications in children with sickle cell disease. The guidelines recommend universal neonatal screening, prophylaxis with penicillin, and transcranial Doppler scanning to prevent infections and strokes.
Researchers studied malaria parasite reproduction, finding damaging male and female forms can prevent disease transmission without killing them entirely.
A new study suggests that periodontal disease may increase the risk for respiratory infections like COPD and pneumonia. Regular oral care can help prevent periodontal disease, which has been linked to other chronic inflammatory diseases.
A recent study from the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston found that aggressively marketed drugs tend to offer less benefit and more harm to most patients. The 'inverse benefit law' highlights the need for physicians to critically evaluate commercial marketing and prioritize patient safety.