Articles tagged with Oncology
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Researchers discovered a novel vulnerability in prostate cancer cells that starves them of critical nutrients called amino acids. By inhibiting two proteins, GCN2 and p53, the team found a way to effectively destroy prostate tumors.
Researchers identified YTHDF2 as a key player in advancing blood cancers, which can help cancer cells evade immune system detection. A new compound CCI-38 targets and suppresses YTHDF2, reducing aggressive blood cancer growth.
A randomized clinical trial found that cannabidiol (CBD) significantly reduced anxiety levels 2-4 hours after ingestion in women with advanced breast cancer. CBD's anxiolytic effect suggests its potential as a treatment for scan-related anxiety.
Adding camrelizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved pathological complete response in patients with early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer. The treatment showed substantial benefits, leading researchers to explore its potential as a neoadjuvant strategy.
Women with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ reported similar experiences undergoing active monitoring versus guideline-concordant care. The study found that both approaches had comparable lived experiences during the 2-year follow-up period.
Glioblastoma brain tumors synchronize their growth with the daily release of steroid hormones like cortisol, according to new research. Blocking these signals slows tumor growth and disease progression in animal models.
A randomized study found that active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ did not increase invasive cancer risk compared to guideline-concordant care. Women on active monitoring had comparable rates of disease recurrence and survival.
Two University of Michigan faculty members, Robert Bartlett and Zhen Xu, have been elected to the National Academy of Inventors for their innovative research and groundbreaking technologies. Bartlett developed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a technology providing cardiac and respiratory support, while Xu invented histotripsy, a t...
A study published in Nature reveals that dietary fructose promotes tumor growth in animal models of melanoma, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. The liver converts fructose into usable nutrients for cancer cells, a finding that could lead to new treatment avenues.
A significant drop in cervical cancer mortality among US women younger than age 25 has been observed, according to a recent study published in JAMA Network. The findings indicate that widespread HPV vaccination is driving this decline, reducing the prevalence of HPV infection and subsequent cervical cancer incidence.
Min Li will receive the 2024 Palade Prize for his contributions to pancreatology, recognizing his pioneering work on pancreatic cancer and metabolic reprogramming. He has been continuously funded by the National Cancer Institute for 15 years and has published over 200 high-impact articles.
A cohort study reveals racial and ethnic variations in early-onset colorectal cancer mortality, with Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic Black individuals facing the highest burden. Social determinants of health play a significant role in explaining these disparities.
The ASH Minority Recruitment Initiative shows lower attrition rates for participants in graduate and medical programs, leading to more career pursuits in hematology. Participants also exhibit high levels of engagement with the American Society of Hematology beyond their program participation.
Neuro-oncology experts developed guidelines to standardize AI use in brain cancer diagnosis and treatment. The recommendations aim to ensure reliable clinical trial results and protect patients.
A study by Niigata University found that AI analysis of PET/CT images can predict the occurrence of interstitial lung disease, a serious side effect of immunotherapy. Patients with high inflammation in non-cancerous lungs are at a higher risk of developing this condition.
The study highlights widening cancer disparities across Human Development Index regions, age, and sex. Strengthening healthcare access and quality is crucial for evidence-based cancer prevention, diagnostics, and care.
This prospective cohort study found that evidence-based smoking cessation treatment within 6 months of a cancer diagnosis significantly improves survival outcomes. Smoking cessation is an essential early clinical intervention for patients with cancer, supporting the maximization of survival benefits.
The collaboration utilized Insilico's generative biology AI platform, Pharma.AI, to identify a novel lead for treating oncology diseases. The joint R&D team addressed the druggability challenge of highly novel targets using novel scaffolds generated by Chemistry42.
Non-Hispanic Black patients are more likely to receive inadequate care and experience poor survival outcomes due to delays in treatment initiation. Guideline-concordant care is crucial in improving survival rates among these patients.
A new study from the University of Texas at Arlington suggests that analyzing RNA in urine can show changes in cell types, revealing early signs of cancer and other diseases. This method could help clinicians detect problems earlier when they are more easily treated without invasive procedures.
Women who started an aerobic exercise program during chemotherapy reported improved cognitive function and quality of life compared to those receiving standard care. The study found that while cognitive performance was similar after chemotherapy completion, the exercise program had a positive impact on self-reported cognitive function.
Aerobic physical activity was associated with modest short-term and long-term reductions of depression among adults with cancer. The study suggests that aerobic exercise may be an effective strategy for managing depression in cancer patients.
A retrospective cohort study found that AI algorithms can identify women at high risk of developing breast cancer 4-6 years before detection. The results suggest using commercial AI algorithms as a pathway to personalized screening approaches, leading to earlier cancer diagnosis.
Adult childhood cancer survivors experience elevated fear of cancer recurrence, emphasizing the importance of routine screening and timely symptom intervention. The study's findings suggest that fear of cancer recurrence should be a significant concern in survivorship care.
The study found that progress in reducing excess mortality among Black individuals was stalled by an increase in mortality from external causes. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain cancers still pose significant health risks to the US Black population.
The integration of artificial intelligence in intratumoral immunotherapy can refine diagnoses, guide interventions, predict treatment responses, and adapt therapeutic strategies. This enables the enhancement of patient outcomes, including improved survival rates and quality of life.
Researchers found that cancer survivors with overweight or obesity are more likely to develop a second cancer, especially obesity-related ones. This study highlights the importance of promoting weight management and increasing awareness of second cancers among physicians and cancer patients.
A single-center cohort study identified substantial overall survival disparity among racial and ethnic groups, with socioeconomic status contributing less than a third of the disparity. Tumor molecular features also played a significant role in the disparities found in colorectal cancer survival.
Researchers found 76.5% of phase III cancer trials excluded patients with normal neutrophil counts due to Duffy-null phenotype. The trials recommended reduced doses for these patients, despite survival rates being lower in such cases.
A recent study published in JAMA found that telehealth delivery of early palliative care is equivalent to in-person care in terms of quality of life outcomes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. This finding highlights the potential benefits of expanding access to this evidence-based care model through telehealth.
A recent study in Sweden found a significant decline in both melanoma incidence and mortality among individuals aged 30-49. The causes of this downward trend are unclear but may be attributed to increased UV protection, public health campaigns, demographic changes, or advancements in melanoma treatment.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decrease in cancer diagnosis rates in the US, according to a new study. Despite improved trends in 2021, the rates remain lower than expected, exacerbating the existing deficit of diagnosed cases from 2020.
A study published in The EMBO Journal reveals that PQBP3 plays a crucial role in stabilizing the nuclear membrane, which is destabilized in senescent cells and contributes to neurodegenerative disorders. PQBP3's dysfunction may lead to the degradation of Lamin B1, a protein essential for maintaining the nuclear membrane.
Researchers explore emerging role of Graph Filtration Learning (GFL) in revolutionizing HCC imaging analysis. GFL captures complex topological features inaccessible to traditional pixel-based methods.
A recent study reveals racial disparities in cancer stage at diagnosis and survival for adolescents and young adults, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to achieve cancer care equity. The findings support health policy and funding implications, emphasizing the importance of addressing these disparities.
Researchers have found that natural killer cells instinctively recognize and attack the XPO1 protein, which drives cancer growth. By targeting this protein, scientists may be able to activate more killer cells to destroy cancer cells. The study suggests that this approach could lead to personalized cancer treatment with less side effects.
Researchers explore AI's role in addressing challenges in immunotherapy, developing new biomarkers for precise disease characterization and predicting treatment response. A comprehensive review applied AI/radiomics to cross-sectional imaging, showcasing the current landscape in IO treatment.
Researchers found that targeting and silencing ERBB2 gene expression significantly increases chances of stopping tumor growth in mice with a PTEN mutation. This breakthrough may lead to alternative treatment options for endometrial cancer patients, reducing the risk of fertility issues associated with standard treatments.
A new study published in Nature Medicine shows that precision therapy can improve survival for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The treatment, which involves analyzing the genetic profile of the tumor, has been shown to be more effective than chemotherapy in patients whose tumors have specific mutations.
Researchers report a case of undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma with primary insensitivity to standard chemotherapy, but a pronounced response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors at recurrence. The tumor was found to be BRAF exon 15 double-mutated: c.1799T>A p.V600E and c.1819T>A p.S607T.
Researchers discuss diverse BRAF alterations found in human cancers and strategies to inhibit them. Class I BRAF inhibitors represent a landmark achievement in precision oncology, with FDA-approved dabrafenib/trametinib for metastatic BRAF p.V600E-mutant solid tumors.
A cohort study found an association between cannabis-related disorder and the development of head and neck cancer. The study highlights the need for further research on the mechanism of this association and dose response to support evidence of cannabis use as a risk factor.
A cohort study found that aspirin use was associated with a greater absolute reduction in risk of colorectal cancer among individuals with less healthy lifestyles. Lifestyle risk factors may help identify those with a more favorable risk-benefit profile for cancer prevention with aspirin.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that abnormal routine blood test results can predict cancer risk in patients with abdominal symptoms. The researchers analyzed data from over 470,000 patients and identified specific blood abnormalities linked to increased cancer risk across different age groups and sex.
Women with bilateral mastectomy have a greatly diminished risk of contralateral breast cancer, yet experience similar mortality rates as patients treated with lumpectomy or unilateral mastectomy. The study highlights the importance of considering long-term risks and benefits in breast cancer treatment decisions.
A new study found that an electronic health record (EHR)-based nudge intervention significantly decreased low-value axillary surgery in older women with clinically node-negative, HR+/HER2− breast cancer. The user-friendly intervention could be beneficial for other practice settings or patient populations.
A study of nearly half a million women found that endometriosis was associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer. The risk was particularly elevated among women with ovarian endometriomas or deep infiltrating endometriosis, with a 19-fold increased risk for certain types of ovarian cancer.
A retrospective cohort study found hormone-modulating therapy protected against Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. The protective effect varied by age and race, with greater benefit for Black women under 75.
Researchers discuss HER2 in breast cancer, highlighting the prognostic and predictive factors. They found an independent positive prognostic effect of HER2-low compared to HER2-zero in early breast cancer, challenging the long-held view that HER2-negative tumors do not benefit from trastuzumab-based therapy.
A new surgical method developed in Leipzig offers significant benefits over conventional treatment for cervical cancer, with a 9.4% lower recurrence rate after five years. This innovative approach also leads to a 58% lower risk of mortality from the disease.
A cross-sectional study found that men from disadvantaged neighborhoods had higher stress-related gene expression in their prostate tumors. This association suggests a potential link between neighborhood factors and aggressive prostate cancer.
Researchers found GLP-1 receptor agonists lower risks of certain obesity-associated cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting potential benefits for cancer prevention in high-risk populations. The study provides preliminary evidence supporting further preclinical and clinical studies to prevent specific obesity-linked cancers.
A new genomic test has improved clinical care for some children with cancer in England by informing individual patient care. The study found that the test provided additional insights that improved care for 20 children and reduced the number of tests required.
A phase 2 study found fluorine-18 PSMA-1007 PET/computed tomography to be superior to multiparametric MRI for locoregional staging of prostate cancer. The technology supports its use in the preoperative workflow for intermediate-risk and high-risk tumors.
Researchers found that a live biotherapeutic product CBM588, when taken orally, can improve health outcomes in people with metastatic kidney cancer. The study, published in Nature Medicine, suggests that the agent may enhance effectiveness of FDA-approved cancer immunotherapies by adjusting the gut microbiome.
The article reviews recent advances in applying artificial intelligence to oncology, showcasing promising improvements in cancer care. The authors emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, rigorous validation, and ethical principles to harness AI's potential.
Rural residents with head and neck cancer experience higher mortality rates due to factors like alcohol use, tobacco consumption, and lower HPV vaccination rates. This disparity widens the rural-urban mortality gap.
Scientists are conducting a clinical trial to explore the use of anti-retroviral medications Ritonavir and Lopinavir as a potential treatment for brain tumors in patients with Neurofibromatosis 2. The study aims to determine if these drugs can help reduce tumor growth and survival in NF2 patients.
Families with germline CDH1 P/LP variants show a cumulative risk of gastric cancer between 7-10% and breast cancer in female carriers at 37%
Past-year Papanicolaou testing rates dropped in 2022 compared to 2019, highlighting the need to increase access to screenings. Rural-vs-urban differences indicate a focus on rural females requires attention.