Articles tagged with Regulatory Genes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have debuted the first comprehensive gene expression atlas of the plant periderm at the single-cell level, providing new insights into phellem cells and their role in carbon storage. The atlas could be used to stimulate growth of the protective periderm in plants facing environmental stress due to climate change.
A recent study found that childhood maltreatment is associated with specific epigenetic patterns in sperm, which may mediate effects on offspring brain development. The study also reveals changes in sperm DNA methylation and small non-coding RNA molecules in men with high levels of maltreatment.
Researchers link neuropilin2 gene to autism and seizure development, highlighting its role in regulating neural circuits. The study suggests targeting specific phases of neuronal development could lead to therapeutic interventions for individuals with autism.
The team developed a Synthetic Translational Coupling Element (SynTCE) that enhances the precision and integration density of genetic circuits in synthetic biology. This allows for more efficient gene circuit integration, minimizing interference between biological parts and enabling precise control over multiple genes.
A new study reveals how transcription factors navigate DNA and chromatin structures to determine cellular identity. Researchers discovered novel DNA elements as genomic signposts guiding TFs to specific genetic switches.
Researchers discovered a single gene, vgll3, regulating thousands of genes in salmon sexual maturation, influencing traits like reproductive cell development and growth patterns. This study sheds light on how genetic variation can impact complex traits like puberty onset and has significant implications for managing wild populations.
A study at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital reveals that loss of MeCP2 function in adulthood causes immediate progressive dysregulation of hundreds of genes, some activated while others suppressed. Gene expression changes occur well before measurable neurological function deficiencies.
Researchers investigate how perturbed gene expression contributes to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's. Alternative polyadenylation, a mechanism regulating protein production, is being studied for its potential role in the disease.
A new study reveals insights into leveraging allele dosages in sweetpotato breeding practices to improve key agricultural traits. Researchers found that differences in allele dosage significantly impact root weight, plant architecture, and flesh color.
Researchers at MUSC discover an RNA:DNA 'sandwich' plays a key role in how the brain interprets emotional experiences and brings about behavioral adaptations. The discovery could lead to better RNA therapies for treating brain disorders.
A USC Stem Cell study has identified key gene regulators that enable some deafened animals, including fish and lizards, to naturally regenerate their hearing. The researchers found a class of DNA control elements known as 'enhancers' that amplify the production of a protein called ATOH1, which induces sensory cells in the inner ear.
A team of researchers discovered that a previously ignored microRNA, mir-193, is the actual melanic color switch in butterflies and moths. Disrupting mir-193 eliminated black and dark wing colors in three butterfly species.
Researchers developed a new tool called SigRM to analyze single-cell epitranscriptomics data, enabling the study of RNA modifications in individual cells. This can provide valuable insights into gene regulation and its impact on health and disease, particularly in complex conditions like cancer.
A landmark photosynthesis gene discovery has been made in a poplar tree that enhances plant growth by up to 200% and increases biomass production. The gene, named Booster, has the potential to boost crop yields without requiring more land, water or fertilizer.
A new study reveals that alternate-day fasting sensitizes key genes and liver enhancers, leading to enhanced ketogenesis during subsequent fasting bouts. The liver adapts to recurring nutritional challenges through a cellular memory mechanism, highlighting the benefits of intermittent fasting for metabolic health.
Researchers uncovered how mutated PSEN2 accelerates disease progression in familial Alzheimer's disease by impairing synaptic function and disrupting cellular processes.
Researchers found that small doses of MYC can stimulate muscle growth in skeletal muscles, even in the absence of exercise. This discovery has implications for developing therapies to reduce muscle loss from aging and improving independence and mobility.
Researchers have discovered a new photosynthesis gene, BOOSTER, that enhances plant growth and increases biomass production. This breakthrough could lead to higher yields in crops and potentially trigger more efficient use of atmospheric CO2.
A team of researchers discovered a novel cause of cytokine storm in fatal COVID-19 cases, linking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to the hyperinflammatory response. This finding holds potential for identifying patients at risk and developing targeted interventions.
Researchers found overlapping genetic underpinnings between rhythm-related skills and language-related traits, including dyslexia. The study identified 16 regions of the genome that overlapped between rhythm and language, suggesting a complex genetic architecture shared by these fundamental human traits.
Researchers found that a regulatory level change enabled C4 plants to photosynthesize more efficiently. By studying this shift, they believe it could be applied to make C3 crops like rice and wheat more resilient to climate change.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have developed a new CRISPR-based system to label small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with RNA barcodes, enabling comprehensive analysis of their biogenesis and release regulators. This system allows for the simultaneous study of thousands of genes and estimation of sEV release from host cells.
Researchers have identified alternative transcription initiation sites for over 40,000 soybean genes, revealing widespread variations outside the traditional TATA box region. This discovery challenges current assumptions about gene expression and has significant implications for plant breeding and genetics research.
An international team of researchers successfully created a mouse using genetic tools from a unicellular organism, challenging the notion that these genes evolved exclusively within animals. The study uses ancient genetic tools to reprogram mouse cells into pluripotent stem cells.
Researchers discovered genetic variation in sucrose digestion affects sugar consumption and preference. Individuals with complete SI gene deficiency consumed less sucrose-rich foods than those with partial functionality.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered a variant of TMEM16F protein that enhances the spread of Parkinson's pathology, potentially leading to new treatments. The study found that cells with the mutation secrete more pathological α-synuclein, which can form Lewy bodies and damage brain cells.
A research team led by IPK has identified five candidate genes moderating chromosome drive in rye B chromosomes. The DCR28 gene is found to regulate this process, and the B chromosome is shown to originate from fragments of all seven rye standard A chromosomes.
Iowa State researchers discovered a surprising chromatin arrangement in two species of turtles, which may shed light on the evolution of vertebrate genomes. The study's findings could have potential biomedical applications, such as treating strokes or cryogenic preservation of human tissues.
MIT researchers developed a theoretical foundation for methods to aggregate genes into related groups, enabling the efficient learning of underlying cause-and-effect relationships. They achieve this using only observational data, potentially paving the way for targeted treatments.
Researchers found that plants have multiple enzymes for adding methyl groups to DNA, allowing them to override genetic instructions. The study reveals the evolutionary history of these enzymes and their unique structures, providing insights into plant resilience to environmental changes.
Researchers develop novel mathematical formalization, the quantitative omnigenic model (QOM), to understand how mutations affect diseases. The QOM combines state-of-the-art genome analysis with biological insights to explain polygenic diseases.
TYRA-300 shows promise in treating metastatic bladder cancer patients with FGFR3 gene mutations, achieving a 50% overall response rate and 100% disease control rate. The treatment also displays improved tolerability with lower side effects compared to existing pan-FGFR inhibitors.
Danielle Mor, a neuroscientist at the Medical College of Georgia, has been awarded $2.3 million to study the progression of Parkinson's disease through the use of C. elegans and innovative research approaches. Her goal is to understand how misfolded proteins spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system.
Researchers found that blood cancer cells rewired their gene regulatory networks to evade drug treatment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), disrupting normal differentiation and growth. The study identified key findings, including changes in open chromatin regions and the loss of binding of RUNX1 and AP-1 transcription factors.
Scientists have discovered a long non-coding RNA called CHASERR that regulates the production of the CHD2 gene, which is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. The study found that patients with a deletion of this RNA had excessive CHD2 protein production, leading to severe intellectual delays and other symptoms.
Gladstone researchers have identified a complex molecular connection between immune cells and fibroblasts that contributes to fibrosis in the heart, which may lead to new treatments for heart disease and other fibrotic conditions.
A USC Stem Cell mouse study identifies a small subset of blood stem cells as the primary driver of immune aging. The researchers found that this subset overproduces innate immune cells, leading to an age-associated imbalance and increased disease risk. By targeting this subset, the study suggests a potential therapy to delay immune agi...
Scientists have developed a new method using artificial intelligence to design thousands of DNA switches that can activate or repress genes in specific cell types. This approach could revolutionize gene therapy and biotechnology by allowing precise control over gene expression in the body.
The study reveals hormone-dependent molecular mechanisms that cause sexual dimorphism in chicken feathers, including the role of thyroid hormone activation/inactivation system. The findings also shed light on the cultural significance of chickens in Japanese society and its impact on promoting social cohesion.
Researchers found that female mouse models of Rett syndrome have a mosaic-like distribution of cells expressing wild-type and mutant MeCP2 protein, leading to dysregulated genes. The study also discovered an unusual disease progression, with females having more dysregulated genes at the pre-symptomatic stage than later on.
Research highlights molecular chaperones' role in maintaining tumor suppressor stability and functional integrity. This understanding is crucial for developing targeted therapies for multiple cancers.
Researchers found that transposable elements, known as LINE-1, play a critical role in regulating early human development. They help organize the DNA in the cell's nucleus and ensure embryonic cells progress normally through early stages. This discovery challenges previous views of these 'selfish DNA' elements.
Plant cells use a mechanism called telescripting to monitor and control protein production, preventing premature completion of gene expression. This process is crucial for maintaining accurate gene function and has potential applications in making plants more resistant to climate change.
A new study found that the effects of alcohol exposure on an embryo prior to implantation can be detected in the late-gestation placenta. The research revealed significant molecular changes in the placenta, including DNA methylation alterations that could serve as a molecular signature for detecting alcohol exposure.
Studies discovered that DNA sequence changes associated with diabetes predisposition alter pancreatic cell stress response, leading to reduced insulin production and increased cell death. The findings point toward a druggable target, MAP3K5, which may help prevent or treat type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals.
Researchers have developed a novel gene therapy approach that targets and breaks down faulty ribonucleic acids in the KCNA2 gene, which is associated with recurring seizures. The therapy has shown promise in reducing excessive neuron activity linked to epilepsy.
Researchers identified a subgroup of multiple myeloma patients with an epigenetic alteration in the PVR gene, which results in improved immune response to immunotherapy. This new test can help clinicians predict patient outcomes and tailor treatment strategies.
A study published in Environmental Advances found a significant association between four types of PFAS and poor sleep in young adults. The researchers identified genes involved in the body's natural defenses and a hormone that regulates sleep, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of PFAS' impact on sleep.
For the first time, researchers have demonstrated how mechanical forces affect gene expression by showing that RNAP polymerase remains on the DNA template and can be pulled to start a subsequent cycle of transcription. This force-directed recycling mechanism can change the relative abundance of adjacent genes.
After analyzing human immune cells and TB patients, researchers found that TCA metabolism plays a crucial role in DNA methylation. Adding an inhibitor of TCA activation reduced detrimental marks, suggesting epigenetic healing is possible. This discovery may lead to new treatment strategies for infectious diseases.
In this study, researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology found that hydrogen sulfide-dependent transcription factor YgaV regulates iron uptake dynamics in Escherichia coli. The team observed elevated intracellular H2S levels resulting in increased antibiotic resistance and upregulated genes involved in sulfur metabolism.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System have identified a crucial biological switch that regulates renin production in certain cells, allowing them to control blood pressure. This discovery provides important direction for future research into high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease treatment.
A mouse model study led by Ohio State University researchers reveals the importance of DNA loops and protein complex cohesin in nerve cell regeneration. The study's findings could lead to new treatments for nerve injuries by understanding how chromatin organization affects gene expression.
Researchers have identified key molecular targets that could significantly enhance the healing of both acute and chronic wounds. The study found that combinatorial therapy involving FGF7 and an MMP10-neutralising antibody can improve wound healing in both acute and chronic wounds.
A study found that children with Down's syndrome have an elevated number of red blood cells, which increases their risk of developing leukemia. The extra chromosome 21 alters DNA packing and gene regulation, contributing to the development of leukemia.
Researchers identified key control sites regulating gene expression in cells, including those controlling ancient viral sequences. Mutating these sites caused defects in cell differentiation and survival, as well as spurious activation of genes across the genome.
A recent study by FAU researchers links copper regulation to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's. The team discovered that a specific gene, swip-10, plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of copper in cells, which can prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
Researchers identified changes in the UBR4 gene as a key driver of fibromuscular dysplasia, a blood vessel disorder affecting up to five percent of adults. The discovery could lead to therapeutic approaches for the condition, particularly beneficial for women who account for 90% of cases.
New research has identified four genes with a strong impact on menopause timing, which are also linked to an increased risk of cancer. The study found that women with only one working copy of these genes experience premature menopause, leading to a faster reproductive lifespan.
Scientists from Spirovant Sciences describe a novel adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy called SP-101 that has been optimized for efficient human airway cell transduction. After single dose inhaled delivery, the vector showed consistent expression of a functional and regulated shortened human CFTR minigene.