Articles tagged with Cell Responses
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that Langerhans cells in the skin inhibit or modulate immune responses, not just alerting the system to pathogens. This new understanding could lead to a better understanding of chronic inflammatory conditions like lupus and psoriasis.
Researchers discovered that TRAF3 is essential for producing type I interferons and IL-10, a protein preventing inflammation. Cells lacking TRAF3 over-produce inflammatory proteins, highlighting its role in controlling the immune response to viruses.
A study by Oregon State University researchers found that switching between tasks, like driving and cell phone use, leads to delays in response time and accuracy. The study suggests that simplifying tasks can help efficiency, but technology is complicating everything, including driving.
Researchers discovered that nicotinic acid activates GPR109A on fat cells to lower lipid levels, but on immune cells in the skin, it triggers flushing responses. This study supports the hypothesis that immune cells are a primary source of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins causing hot flashes.
Researchers developed a new PET technique to visualize the immune system's response to tumors and diseases. This non-invasive method enables clinicians to see key cells and their interactions, improving diagnosis and treatment precision.
Researchers explore role of worm parasites in immune system regulation, discovering potential cure for tropical diseases like filariasis and schistosomiasis. The study also holds promise for treating autoimmune conditions such as diabetes, asthma, and hay fever.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have identified Notch as a key regulator of Th2 immune responses, which are impaired in mice lacking this signaling pathway. This study suggests that inhibiting Notch signaling may be beneficial for treating diseases characterized by excessive Th2 responses, such as asthm...
Scientists used transcranial magnetic stimulation to study brain activity during deep sleep, finding that regions of the cerebral cortex become functionally disconnected. This suggests that consciousness depends on the integration of information across different brain areas.
Researchers have identified distinct patterns of responses in patient cells after vaccination against melanoma, which may help monitor treatment response. The study found that certain compounds were secreted by cells in patients whose tumors did not grow after vaccination.
Researchers created a novel statistical technique to analyze neural activity in response to random, complex images. This approach revealed previously unsuspected mechanisms that contribute to the brain's processing of visual information.
Researchers have found that mitochondria function as oxygen sensors, producing reactive oxygen species in response to low oxygen conditions. However, a dual-mode mechanism involving the enzyme PHD emerges when oxygen levels are extremely low, suggesting a new strategy for enhancing the body's natural protective response.
Researchers identify two distinct cell types, macrophages and dendritic cells, that form the body's emergency response to foreign bacteria. These cells play a crucial role in developing protective immunity against leprosy and other diseases.
The researchers developed a novel molecular reporter system to visualize the activation of protein Src, which plays a key role in cell growth and development. By studying mechanical stimuli on Src activation, they discovered that biochemical signals spread across cells through structural elements like actin filaments and microtubules.
Professor Magloire has made significant contributions to odontoblast biology, including characterizing replacement populations and developing novel culture systems. His research has shown the role of TGFβ and new gene profiles involved in odontoblast differentiation and mechanosensitivity.
A new study from Georgia Tech and Emory University suggests that the body's response to a combination device may be different and potentially detrimental when multiple components are involved. This can lead to an enhanced immune response, making it more difficult for the device to integrate smoothly into the patient.
Researchers at MIT used nanotechnology to study how malaria affects human blood cells, revealing new insights into the disease's impact. The study could lead to better treatments for malaria and other diseases by understanding how parasites affect cell behavior and function.
Researchers found that certain species of airborne fungus trigger abnormal immune responses, leading to congestion and inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The study suggests that reducing fungal exposure through treatments like nasal irrigations or antifungal medicines could provide relief.
Researchers develop methodology to efficiently pinpoint mutations in mitochondrial respiratory chain, identifying new cause of lethal neonatal disease. The technique uses cell-fusion experiments and bioinformatics analyses to categorize mutation types, revealing complex genetic backgrounds.
A novel study found that regular moderate physical activity significantly improves the immune response in older men, with increased anti-KLH IgM, IgG, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. This suggests that a physically active lifestyle can maintain optimal T cell-mediated responses, particularly during times of immunocompromise.
Researchers found that activation of Serine protease inhibitor 2A (Spi2A) can prevent T cell death and increase memory T cells, potentially boosting vaccine efficacy. This discovery could lead to new vaccines or treatments for chronic infections and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers have discovered that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) plays a crucial role in coordinating the immune response to viral infections. In this study, Dr. Marco Colonna and colleagues found that TLR9 recognizes viruses in immune cells and activates natural killer cell responses.
Researchers at Stanford University used Drosophila melanogaster to study wound healing, discovering that distinct genetic programs and signaling pathways control each stage of the process. This breakthrough could help identify molecular underpinnings of wound healing in humans.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have discovered a critical component of the complex that enables NF-kB to trigger inflammatory responses. The study identifies ELKS protein as essential for NF-kB's function, opening new avenues for treating autoimmune diseases like lupus and arthritis.
A team of researchers from Johns Hopkins Medicine found that a key protein called arrestin is transported by a tiny molecular motor, myosin, in response to bright light. This swift relocation helps prevent temporary blindness caused by sudden increases in light intensity.
A study suggests that peripheral blood analysis can help develop surrogate biomarkers of stroke risk and prognosis, providing insights into cellular and pathological mechanisms. Blood studies offer a faster and more practical alternative to brain tissue samples, allowing for serial data collection throughout the ongoing stroke.
Researchers have developed a novel method for gene delivery using steroid-coated DNA, which improves cell uptake and reduces inflammatory immune responses. The technique has the potential to enhance gene transfer in humans, especially in inflamatory diseases.
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found that pairing Gleevec with high-dose chemotherapy produces a synergistic effect in patients with Philadelphia-positive ALL, resulting in complete remissions that have lasted up to 29 months. The two-year disease-free survival rate is 85 percent, offering a promisi...
A new study found that three months is too soon to judge a patient's response to Gleevec, a common CML treatment. Researchers discovered that achieving a complete cytogenetic response had a significant impact on long-term outcome and survival rates.
Researchers use genome-wide location analysis to study how a transcription factor Ste12 responds differently under various environmental conditions. By pinpointing the mechanism, scientists can make predictions of cellular behavior and potentially disrupt certain diseases at the cellular level.
Lei Wang, a post-doctoral researcher, developed a method to insert an extra amino acid into proteins in live cells, expanding the genetic code. This breakthrough has opened new research horizons and could lead to highly specific genetic engineering.
Researchers found that a 6-month mark after starting antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can be used to predict disease progression in HIV/AIDS patients. Patients with higher CD4 cell counts and lower viral loads have lower risks of AIDS or death at this stage, suggesting that initial response to treatment is crucial for determining prognosis.
Researchers have created a new RNAi vector called pDECAP that allows for tissue-specific suppression of gene expression in mammals. This breakthrough technology enables the efficient exploration of gene function by avoiding the antiviral response to foreign dsRNA, a major complication in mammalian RNAi research.
In a Phase II clinical trial, C225 and docetaxel combination achieved a 25.5% tumor shrinkage rate in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients, significantly higher than the median response rate of 5-10%. The results are encouraging and suggest further development of this treatment approach.
Researchers have identified unique gene expression patterns in human cells after exposure to 8 different biothreat agents, enabling rapid detection of potentially exposed individuals. The study's findings offer possibilities for utilizing host gene expression responses for early illness prediction.
Penn State scientists are developing genetically engineered plants that can detect and signal harmful chemical or biological agents. These 'sentinel plants' could be used to warn of bioterrorism threats, locate land mines, and even monitor environmental conditions in agriculture.
A new study links ß-defensin 2 to the adaptive immune response, which combats pathogens that evade innate defense mechanisms. Researchers hope to incorporate ß-defensin 2 into cancer vaccines to promote tumor-destroying cell growth and improve patient response.
Researchers found that hormones bind to specific receptors in cells, recruiting co-activators to regulate gene expression and alter protein production. This process enables a vast range of protein diversity from relatively few genetic sources.
Dopamine and ethanol act through independent mechanisms to produce a common cellular response sustaining voluntary drinking behavior in rats. The study suggests synergy between dopamine D2 and adenosine A2 receptors creates hypersensitivity to ethanol and beta gamma dimers are required for sustained drinking.
Scientists from UCSD's Divisions of Biology and Physical Sciences have observed the formation of permanent nerve connections that store short- and long-term memories. By visualizing the rods and filaments of actin, they discovered that these changes occur after repeated stimulation, mimicking human memory consolidation.
Research has identified DDR2 as a key player in the development of hepatic fibrosis, a liver disease characterized by excessive scar tissue buildup. High levels of DDR2 expression have been linked to advanced fibrosis and poor patient outcomes.
This study provides evidence for pathogen-specific gene responses in dendritic cells, offering insights into the tailored immune defense mechanism. The research uses DNA array technology to investigate how dendritic cells discriminate between pathogens and activates specific genes to initiate an immune response.
Researchers identified a molecular link that enhances cell-mediated antiviral response, which is critical for suppressing HIV replication. The CD86 molecule on macrophages plays a key role in this response, and blocking its interaction with CD8+ cells reduces the immune system's ability to fight the virus.