Articles tagged with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
A study published in CMAJ found that younger children are 39% more likely to be diagnosed and 48% more likely to be treated with medication for ADHD if born in December compared to January. This discrepancy is due to the relative age effect, where children born in December may appear less mature than their older peers.
The study will review evidence of practices used to support children with ADHD that do not involve drugs, such as classroom management programmes or psychological therapies. The research aims to identify which methods work best to reduce the symptoms of ADHD and provide best value for money.
Researchers at SUNY Downstate Medical Center have identified the mechanism by which psychostimulant drugs reduce hyperactivity in ADHD patients. Stimulating dopamine D4 receptors in specific brain regions, such as the basal ganglia and thalamus, depresses motor activity.
A recent study conducted by Mayo Clinic researchers has found that young children who are exposed to anesthesia multiple times before the age of three have a higher risk of developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study, which utilized data from the Rochester Epidemiology Project, found that children with two or ...
A study found that maternal gestational diabetes and low socioeconomic status significantly increase the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in six year olds. The risk doubles with either factor alone, but increases exponentially when both are present.
A study found that children exposed to maternal gestational diabetes and low socioeconomic status have a higher risk of developing childhood ADHD. The risk is doubled when both factors are present, suggesting a significant environmental contribution to the development of the disorder.
Researchers analyzed over 150,000 adult ADHD users and found no significant association between current use of ADHD medications and an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, or sudden cardiac death. Cardiovascular disease rates were similar among new and ever-users of these medications.
A study of over 150,000 adults aged 25-64 found no significant link between ADHD medication use and serious cardiovascular events such as heart attacks or strokes. The researchers compared users to non-users and also examined risk in subgroups defined by the type of medication used.
Scientists at RIKEN Brain Science Institute discovered mechanisms that enable the brain to focus by efficiently routing relevant information. The study found that sensory signals with high contrast evoke large sensory responses, disrupting focus.
Researchers have identified genetic variants in glutamate receptor genes that may contribute to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study found alterations in four genes involved in brain signaling pathways, which could lead to new treatment options for patients with ADHD who have these gene variants.
Researchers have identified abnormalities in brain function of children with ADHD using fMRI, revealing disruptions in visual attention processing and impaired communication among brain regions. This finding contributes to understanding the pathology of inattention in ADHD.
A study found that children with specific dopamine system gene variants showed improved response to methylphenidate, the most commonly prescribed ADHD medication. The findings suggest a potential way to predict treatment course and tailor approach for each child.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has updated its guidelines for diagnosing and treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children from age 4 to 18. The new guidelines emphasize the importance of early intervention and provide recommendations for behavioral interventions, medications, and a team approach to treatment.
The study found a slow but steady increase in prescribed stimulant use among children and adolescents with ADHD, with higher rates among boys and white children. However, the rate of growth has slowed in recent years, suggesting that more children are being diagnosed and treated for ADHD.
Research from Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network found that over half of children and adolescents with autism also have ADHD symptoms, compromising their adaptive abilities and quality of life. The study highlights the importance of identifying and treating ADHD symptoms in individuals with autism.
A study of over 400 children with ADHD found a link between regular outdoor play in green settings and milder symptoms. Children who regularly played outdoors had better impulse control and concentration than those who played indoors or in built-outdoor environments.
A study published in the Journal of Neuroscience found that differences in when movement neurons begin accumulating information from sensory neurons explain adjustments in response times. This discovery forces a major modification to existing cognitive models of impulse control, shedding new light on how the brain controls basic impulses.
A study using mice reveals how a specific gene variant could contribute to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The researchers found that the D4.7 variant of the dopamine D4 receptor subtype was not able to interact with another brain region in a way that reduces glutamate release, leading to symptoms of ADHD.
Scientists discovered that the intestinal membrane receptor protein, GC-C, is also expressed in critical brain areas. The study found that GC-C's activation amplifies dopamine responses, leading to hyperactivity and attention deficits in mice. Treatment with a PKG activator reversed these behavioral problems.
Researchers identified new ADHD genes and showed a link between some of these genes and those found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neuropsychiatric conditions. The study found that people carrying the same CNVs can have different symptoms, highlighting the complexity of ADHD.
A Cochrane Systematic Review found that short-term amphetamine use can improve Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adults. However, the high risk of adverse events and limited duration of treatment restrict its effectiveness.
A study by Baylor University found that children with ADHD treated in psychiatric clinics have significantly worse health-related quality of life and family functioning than those treated by general pediatricians. The study highlights the importance of evaluating both children's and parents' perspectives on quality of life.
A non-drug approach to enhance students' ability to learn, a new study found improved brain functioning and decreased symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in students practicing Transcendental Meditation. The study also revealed increased brain processing and improved language-based skills among ADHD students.
Girls with ADHD symptoms are more predictive of adverse substance use outcomes, including alcohol abuse and dependence. Parents' reports of inattentiveness in daughters at age 11-12 can predict illicit drug use across adolescence.
Researchers found smaller brain volumes associated with the severity of ADHD symptoms in preschool children, particularly in the caudate nucleus. Cortical volumes were not significantly correlated with symptom severity, suggesting other factors may contribute to ADHD development.
A long-term study found that children with ADHD are 1.5 times more likely to develop substance abuse than control participants. Conduct disorder was the only additional diagnosis to triple the risk when combined with ADHD.
Researchers analyzed patient data from over 44 million enrollees to find no link between ADHD medication use and increased risk of sudden death, heart attack, or stroke. The study suggests that ADHD drugs are safe from a cardiovascular perspective for children and adolescents.
A study from Massachusetts General Hospital finds that siblings of individuals with both ADHD and emotional reactivity have a significantly greater risk of having both conditions. This suggests that heritable factors influence how we control our emotions, and that ADHD can impact emotional expression beyond classic symptoms.
A study by Lee A. Thompson and colleagues found that genetic influence was greater on reading than math, with shared environment influencing math more so than reading. The researchers analyzed the data from twins to determine the similarities in genetic and environmental influence between ADHD symptoms and academic ability.
Children with DCD tend to struggle with motor skills, socialization, and emotional regulation, leading to feelings of loneliness and isolation. The study found that voluntary lack of participation in after-school activities can exacerbate the problem, but intervention is possible with proper diagnosis and monitoring.
Children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and ADHD exhibit different patterns of learning and memory impairments. PAE is associated with initial encoding problems, while ADHD affects retrieval mechanisms, suggesting distinct underlying deficits.
A study found that even moderate reductions in sleep duration can affect neurobehavioral functioning in children with ADHD, leading to clinical-level impairment. The study suggests that investments in programs to decrease sleep deprivation may lead to improvements in neurobehavioral functioning and academic performance.
Two studies found that children with ADHD exhibit more than twice the amount of overflow movement as typically developing children, indicating a failure in motor control. This suggests that measuring hand movements may reveal insights into the neurobiology of ADHD and inform treatments.
Researchers found that mirror movements, a type of abnormal motor control, were more prevalent in children with ADHD and associated with the disorder's severity. The studies suggest a potential new marker for ADHD diagnosis and treatment.
A comprehensive review of 27 long-term studies found that children with ADHD are two to three times more likely to develop serious substance abuse problems in adolescence and adulthood. The research, published in Clinical Psychology Review, analyzed data from approximately 4,100 children with ADHD and 6,800 without the disorder.
Researchers conclude that a special restricted diet should be included in the standard care for all children with ADHD. The diet, also known as the restricted elimination diet, was shown to significantly improve ADHD symptoms and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in children aged 4-8 years.
A University at Buffalo researcher's study suggests that teen drivers with ADHD are significantly more at risk for accidents when texting while driving. The study found that texting impairs driving abilities to the point of losing control, and teens often don't realize their behavior has severe consequences.
Research confirms adult ADHD significantly increases risk of developing degenerative dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), a common cause of dementia in older adults. The study, published in the European Journal of Neurology, found 48% of patients with DLB had previously suffered from adult ADHD.
Children with ADHD have difficulty focusing due to an 'off-switch' that requires higher incentives or medication to function properly. This study provides new insights into the brains of children with ADHD and how incentives can help them concentrate.
Brain scans show children with ADHD struggle to control brain activity when bored, but perform better with incentives or medication. The study provides insight into the neural mechanisms underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
New research explores number processing deficits in children with ADHD and fetal alcohol exposure, revealing distinct brain area effects. The study shows that children with fetal alcohol exposure demonstrate strong deficits in number comparison, while those with ADHD exhibit difficulties in attention and memory.
A new twin study links ADHD behaviors, reading achievement, and math skills in children, suggesting a common genetic and environmental influence. The researchers found that identical twins were more alike on these traits than fraternal twins, indicating a strong genetic component.
A study by UCLA researchers found that Medicaid-funded ADHD treatment for children yielded poor quality care, with few follow-up visits and inadequate medication use. The study suggests areas for improvement in ADHD care, including better alignment of clinical severity with provider type and increased use of stimulant medication.
A new study suggests an intensive computer-based working memory training program can alleviate some ADHD symptoms in children. The five-week program showed significant changes in attention, organization, and working memory skills. Parents reported improvements in ADHD symptoms, and the results were evident four months after treatment.
A study found that individuals with a specific gene variant associated with ADHD show increased interference from mind-wandering brain regions during mental tasks. This suggests that the gene may contribute to inattention symptoms, but not hyperactivity.
A study by Donald Redelmeier and colleagues found that male teenagers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, or oppositional defiant disorder are more likely to be seriously injured in a road traffic crash. The researchers suggest that practical recommendations, such as avoiding excess speed and using seatbelt...
A new study by University of Rochester Medical Center found that children with high blood pressure are four times more likely to have cognitive problems. Among the study's 201 patients, 101 had hypertension and 18% had learning disabilities, compared to 9% among those without hypertension.
Researchers identified distinct brain network abnormalities in children with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with the ADHD group showing more severe dysfunction in working memory circuits. The study suggests that better differentiation between the two disorders could lead to more ac...
A long-term study found that children diagnosed with ADHD at ages 4 to 6 are more likely to suffer from depression as adolescents, with a rate of 18% compared to 1.8%. Children with early ADHD were also at a higher risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts, although rare.
Children with ADHD have more missing or duplicated segments of DNA compared to other children, suggesting a strong genetic link. The study also found significant overlap between these segments and genetic variants implicated in autism and schizophrenia.
Researchers identified duplicated or missing DNA segments in children with ADHD, suggesting a neurodevelopmental disorder. The study also found overlap between ADHD and autism, suggesting a shared biological basis.
A new study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that cognitive behavioral therapy significantly improved symptom control in adult ADHD patients taking medication. The skills-based approach taught patients how to cope with attention problems and manage symptoms more effectively.
A study published in JAMA found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) improved ADHD symptoms in adults who received medication, with greater improvement and higher responder rates compared to relaxation support. The treatment was well-tolerated and showed positive and sustained effects on ADHD symptoms.
A new study by University of California, Berkeley researchers found that prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure is significantly linked to attention problems at age 5, with stronger effects among boys. Children's symptoms of attention disorders are harder to recognize in toddlers, and diagnoses often occur after entering school.
A new study from North Carolina State University found large discrepancies in ADHD diagnosis rates based on small differences in children's birth dates. Children born shortly after the kindergarten eligibility cutoff date were 25% less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, suggesting that younger children may be mistakenly diagnosed.
A Michigan State University economist found that nearly 20% of the 4.5 million children currently diagnosed with ADHD may have been misdiagnosed due to their age relative to classmates. The study suggests that teachers' perceptions of young children's behavior can lead to incorrect diagnoses and unnecessary medication.
A new study from Perth's Telethon Institute for Child Health Research found an association between a 'Western-style' diet and an increased risk of ADHD diagnosis in adolescents. The research examined the dietary patterns of over 1,800 adolescents and classified them into 'Healthy' or 'Western' patterns.
A study by researchers at UC Davis found that students with ADHD are less likely to finish high school on time than those with other mental-health disorders. Smoking is the strongest predictor of high school dropout among teens who engage in substance use.
A study published in Environmental Health Perspectives found a link between polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The researchers analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and found increased odds of ADHD in children with higher serum PFC levels.
Children who exceeded two hours of recommended screen time were 1.5 to 2 times more likely to have attention problems. The study found that both TV viewing and video games contribute to increased attention problems in youths.