Articles tagged with Immune System
Researchers found that T-bet expression is crucial for preserving the protective memory response in lung and lymph node memory B cells. Continuous T-bet expression in these cells enables their rapid differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells upon a second flu virus infection.
Researchers identify Egr-1 as a key regulator of Treg cell development and function, suggesting it as a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. The study's findings indicate that activating the Egr-1 gene can help alleviate autoimmune inflammation via Foxp3 expression.
Researchers discover a novel metabolic pathway, glyoxalase system, that regulates excessive immune responses by targeting a previously underexplored metabolic pathway. The GLO2-SLG-D-lactylation pathway suppresses inflammatory signaling, reducing inflammation in acute and autoimmune disease settings.
Researchers create map of T cell responses to Chikungunya virus, shedding light on chronic disease triggers. They found that people with chronic disease have T cells targeting the same viral epitopes as those who cleared the virus.
Researchers found that hyperactivation of the PARP1 protein after exhaustive training is associated with decreased performance, fatigue, and behavioral symptoms of overtraining. A study published in Molecular Metabolism suggests that excessive protein expression may be the cause of the syndrome.
A pioneering study has provided unprecedented insights into the immune response following pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation. Researchers mapped how human immune cells interact with pig kidney tissue, revealing critical early markers of rejection and potential intervention strategies.
Researchers at Tulane University developed a handheld TB test inspired by the bombardier beetle's natural defense mechanism. The ASTRA device requires only a drop of blood and delivers same-day diagnoses without need for laboratory or trained staff, outperforming traditional tests in detection of TB with HIV co-infection.
Researchers from The University of Osaka have identified a protein expressed on malaria-infected red blood cells that can hide from the immune system while also activating immune cells to destroy infected cells. This dual function makes the protein an excellent target for vaccine development and treatment.
A new UVA Health study finds that stocking two twin packs of epinephrine autoinjectors and having campers leave their own at home is the most cost-effective strategy for residential camps. This approach comes with an estimated overall cost of $4.33 per camper.
Researchers identified six overexpressed and mutated tumor antigens strongly associated with poor prognosis in esophageal cancer. The study's findings suggest BTN2A1, MICA, and HHLA2 as promising targets for anti-ESCA mRNA vaccines.
Deepshika Ramanan, a Salk Assistant Professor, has been recognized as a Rita Allen Foundation Scholar for her innovative research on maternal immunity and lactation. She will receive annual grants of up to $110,000 to conduct groundbreaking work in neuroscience, cancer, immunology, and pain.
Sara Poletti's research reveals how childhood trauma triggers persistent neuroinflammation pathways and alters brain structure, creating lifelong vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. Her work identifies biological markers of trauma and explores prevention strategies to reduce mental illness odds.
A study of twins reveals that certain bacteria in the small intestine may trigger MS. Researchers identified two specific bacteria, Lachnoclostridium sp and Eisenbergiella tayi, which are associated with the disease. The findings suggest a new potential therapeutic target for MS treatment.
A new biological age 'clock' measures intrinsic capacity, sum of six key functions determining healthy aging. The IC Clock uses DNA methylation in blood to assess functional decline and links to healthier lifestyle choices.
Researchers at University of Virginia Health System discovered that an immune molecule called STING drives the formation of harmful plaques and protein tangles associated with Alzheimer's. Blocking STING protected lab mice from mental decline, suggesting a promising treatment target for neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers identified specific antibody features that limit Mtb growth, revealing critical insights into antibody-immune cell interactions. The study lays groundwork for potential antibody-based therapies or vaccines against tuberculosis, an urgently needed treatment for the deadly infectious disease.
Assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering Natasa Miskov-Zivanov is receiving a $581,503 NSF CAREER Award for her project that leverages AI to design more effective lymphocytes for cancer immunotherapies. The system aims to accelerate the process of designing new therapeutic cell designs.
Dr. Natalie Artzi joins the Wyss Institute as Associate Institute Director, working closely with Don Ingber to shape strategic direction and advance research and translation efforts. She leads a world-class research program focused on developing tissue- and cell-responsive nanostructures for disease tracking and treatment.
MicroRNAs modulate inflammation across major cardiovascular risk factors, making them potential biomarkers for early detection and targets for prevention. Specific miRNAs regulate individual immune cell types in cardiovascular pathology, such as promoting M2 polarization and reducing plaque burden.
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center has been awarded $21.4 million by CPRIT to support cancer research efforts and faculty recruitment. The institution is grateful for the continued funding, which will help advance future potential breakthroughs in cancer treatment.
A recent study found that C5aR1 inhibition can slow endometriosis progression by altering the behavior of immune cells. Researchers used PMX-53 to block the C5aR1 receptor, reducing macrophages with an M2 phenotype and promoting an M1 state.
Research from Babraham Institute uncovers importance of RNA binding proteins in regulatory T cell function. The study sheds light on how the immune system maintains balance and forms foundation for understanding age-related inflammation.
Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKs) suppress an important immune signalling pathway that helps protect healthy cells from viral attacks. This allows viruses to more easily gain a foothold and spread.
A team of researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine has discovered that the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum can shut down a key set of genes to avoid detection by the immune system. This finding suggests that asymptomatic adults may harbor undetectable parasites, making it more challenging to eliminate malaria.
The new Epigraph vaccine developed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln virologist Eric Weaver protects against H1N1 swine flu and can also protect against influenza in humans and birds. The vaccine significantly outperformed commercial vaccines, providing protection for up to a decade.
Researchers have mapped a 7,000-year-old genetic mutation that provides protection against HIV, found in 18-25% of the Danish population. The mutation arose in an individual from the Black Sea region between 6,700 and 9,000 years ago.
Scientists have engineered a monoclonal antibody that protects mice from a lethal dose of influenza A with sticky staying power. The new molecule combines specificity and broad binding capacity, adhering to the lung lining and blocking infection in mice.
Researchers have found that psychedelic compounds can reverse a cascade involving brain-resident cells and immune cells, increasing fear behavior when chronic stress disrupts signaling. This finding represents a paradigm shift in understanding psychedelics' therapeutic potential.
Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio have discovered a crucial pathway to preserve thymic function as we age. The study found that increasing fibroblast growth factor FGF21 can help maintain thymus size and function, allowing for a broader range of T-cells to develop.
Research at the University of Bristol has linked mental health conditions like depression and schizophrenia to immune response, suggesting a fundamental change in understanding causal mechanisms. The study identified 29 potential biomarkers that could be used for novel therapeutics in mental health conditions.
Scientists have discovered a novel immune signaling pathway in bacteria that turns viral infection machinery against the virus, potentially informing future biotech tools and phage therapy. This discovery reveals an ancient defense strategy that could help fight superbugs.
Researchers found that high-grade pre-cancer lesions triggered stronger immune responses and showed higher levels of immune-related markers PD-L1 and FOXP3. These findings suggest that HPV may begin avoiding the immune system early in infection, allowing infected cells to grow and potentially leading to cancer.
A recent study found that children with chronic conditions are hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at twice the rate as healthy children. Researchers recommend that these children receive immunization against RSV in their first season to increase protection, regardless of maternal vaccination status.
Researchers discovered that individuals with robust immune resilience at midlife can gain a 15.5-year survival advantage due to their ability to counter disease drivers and maintain healthy aging. The study highlights the importance of salutogenesis, or promoting health and well-being from birth to approximately age 70.
A study analyzing 17,500 individuals found that immune resilience counters factors of aging and mortality through TCF7 gene regulation, reducing mortality risk by 69% in midlife. This promotes salutogenesis, actively fostering health and well-being.
Researchers found that immune system influences stress and fear behaviors by changing how brain cells communicate, but treatment with psychedelics can target these interactions and reduce stress-induced fear. The study suggests that psychedelics could reshape treatment for inflammatory disorders like anxiety and depression.
Researchers at Tulane University identified a potential new way to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using an FDA-approved cancer drug. The treatment works by blocking the CTLA4 protein, which blocks overactive T cells, allowing the immune system to clear out damaged cells that cause lung scarring.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that older adults with cancer benefit equally from immunotherapy treatments as younger patients, with key differences in their immune responses and cells. Researchers hope to develop new therapies tailored to different age groups' needs and improve treatment success.
Researchers from Radboud University Medical Center found that an existing drug can revive immune cells paralyzed by sepsis, a leading cause of death in ICUs. The study provides new perspectives for the treatment of sepsis and may lead to potential treatments for patients with immune paralysis.
Researchers have shed light on how a new type of antibody treatment works against ovarian cancer by reactivating patients' immune cells. The study shows that MOv18 IgE reverses the suppression of immune cells and induces them to kill cancer cells, providing new insights into this therapy.
The paper proposes a new safety concept based on system-of-systems (SoS) perspective to address challenges in civil aviation transportation system (CATS) safety management. The SoS safety concept includes three core elements: safety capability, safety logic, and safety architecture.
A recent trial of a promising gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy has fallen short, with the immune system emerging as a key barrier to its success. Researchers identify early intervention at birth and personalized immune screening as potential solutions to overcome this hurdle.
A study of 113 healthcare workers found that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination induces long-lasting antibody and memory B-cell responses, even in those previously exposed to the virus. The research team also discovered an association between higher levels of specific antibodies and increased risk of breakthrough infections.
A recent study by researchers at TUM has discovered that the body produces special T cells predisposed to exhaustion even in early infection phases of moderate diseases. This finding expands our understanding of immune response mechanisms and could help control the immune system in cancer patients or weaken excessive defenses.
A promising new target for a Lyme disease vaccine has emerged: the Lyme bacterial protein CspZ. Genetic engineering revealed hidden regions that trigger a strong immune response. The modified protein promotes continuous production of protective antibodies, reducing the need for booster shots.
A recent study published in Cell revealed that a specific intestinal immune cell prevents food allergies by breaking the threshold between friend and foe in the gut. Researchers at WashU Medicine identified this cell as RORγt+ dendritic cells, which maintain tolerance to harmless food allergens, preventing allergic reactions.
A study from Tanzania found that a Western diet can cause inflammation and reduce immune response, while an African diet rich in vegetables and fermented foods has positive effects on the immune system. The study suggests that short-term dietary changes can have long-lasting effects on health.
Researchers from Prof. Yardena Samuels's lab developed a new approach to cancer treatment by manipulating cancer cells to produce dozens of suspicious proteins, leading to a powerful immune response that destroys human cancer cells and slows tumor growth in mouse models.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have developed a new method to diagnose COPD by analyzing protein levels in nasal lavage. The study found that elevated IL-26 levels can indicate an early phase of the disease, and may lead to new treatment strategies targeting this cytokine.
A team of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine has made a groundbreaking discovery about the immune system's response to the latent stage of Toxoplasma gondii. The study found that certain T cells can target neurons containing cysts, promoting parasite control. However, this process also poses a...
A recent study by the CNIO Melanoma Group has discovered a mechanism by which melanomas evade immune system surveillance. The research found that melanoma cells secrete Midkine, a protein that reduces dendritic cell numbers and reprograms their function to promote tumour development.
A recent study published in Science Advances found that oral contraceptive use in women is associated with changes in steroid hormone levels, while smoking in men is linked to altered levels of nearly every steroid hormone measured. The study also discovered a link between decreased androgens and various diseases in aging men.
A new study found that treating aged mice with montelukast improved retinal health by reducing inflammation and boosting proteasome activity. This approach may offer a promising new way to slow age-related vision loss and protect eye health in older adults.
Researchers from La Jolla Institute for Immunology and UC San Diego discover Zika virus blocks dendritic cells' ability to alert T cells, while dengue virus stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to a stronger but uncontrolled immune response. Understanding these differences is key to developing life-saving vaccines.
Researchers have developed a way to activate adult stem cells from human bone marrow, enabling their expansion outside the body for use in bone marrow regeneration. The new method significantly improves transplant success rates for patients with genetic disorders or those who require a bone marrow transplant.
Researchers have made progress in understanding how Streptococcus pneumoniae constructs its capsule, a critical target for vaccine development. The study identified three categories of transporters that facilitate sugar building block transport, with relaxed specificity transporters posing potential risks to bacterial growth.
A TB vaccination has been shown to boost the immune system of bladder cancer patients, reducing cancer recurrence rates by up to 75% in a small pilot study. The vaccine was well-tolerated with no side effects and showed promising results in improving patient outcomes.
A novel fluorescent biosensor captures spatio-temporal dynamics of STING activation in response to aberrant DNA, enabling visualization of single cell and population responses. This study reveals new insights into the immune response to chromosomally unstable tumours and potential avenues for treatment.
A study published in Nature Aging used an AI-based computer model to analyze the aging process of immune cells. The researchers found that specific genes are involved in aging processes and can be used as markers for different immune cell types, revealing new insights into cellular aging.
Scientists have identified a key component in launching immune activity and overactivity, providing a potential target for therapies that could prevent debilitating illnesses. The researchers discovered a protein in cells that spurs the release of infection-fighting molecules, which is essential for controlling the disease.