Scientists have developed a new plasmonic nanocavity that enhances two-photon upconversion from 2D excitons by 2440-fold. The nanostructure's resonance wavelength can be adjusted to optimize light collection and emission directionality, leading to improved efficiency in nonlinear photonic devices.
Researchers discover that spinal cord-derived neural stem cells from different segments exhibit distinct biological characteristics and repair efficacies. Specifically, thoracic hscNSCs demonstrate superior survival rates, neural axon regeneration efficiency, and reduced fibrotic scarring in rat models of thoracic SCI.
A new study predicts significant increase in mosquito-borne disease risk in Brazil by 2080, with higher temperatures and changing rainfall patterns contributing to the issue. Climate action could help mitigate this risk, reducing future disease outbreaks.
The Massage Therapy Foundation has awarded a $299,465 research grant to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia to investigate the application of therapeutic massage for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in children. The study aims to evaluate the impact of abdominal myofascial release on symptom relief and bowel function in adolescents w...
A University of Michigan researcher has discovered a 310-million-year-old fossil that shows an early innovation in the way fish eat. The Platysomus fish had a toothy, tongue-like apparatus for biting, which was a convergent adaptation among different groups of fishes.
The Danforth Plant Science Center has hired George "Cody" Bagnall as Director of its Field Research Site, a 140-acre testing ground for real-world plant science applications. The site allows researchers to test hypotheses in authentic field conditions, bridging applied and basic plant science with environmental realities.
A new study from the University of Oklahoma has identified CD82 as a contributing factor to blood vessel leakage, which can initiate inflammation. The researchers found that lowering cholesterol levels with statins can strengthen vessel walls and reduce leakage.
Researchers are testing whether low-concentrate atropine drops can delay the onset of myopia in children. The study aims to reduce the risk of sight-threatening complications later in life by decreasing how nearsighted someone becomes.
Decades of research reveal immune cells shape the burden of Alzheimer's disease by both speeding up memory loss and protecting against it. New insights could transform treatment approaches and provide more effective outcomes.
This study highlights racial and ethnic disparities in percutaneous coronary intervention, with the largest disparity occurring when patients initially present to PCI-capable hospitals. Racial disparities persisted throughout the care process, affecting patients' receipt of PCI.
Recent detection of a record-setting neutrino may be the first evidence of Hawking radiation from a primordial black hole. If confirmed, it would indicate that PBHs make up most of dark matter in the universe.
Researchers at Rutgers University uncovered evidence of how galaxies expand by tracing the invisible scaffolding of the universe created by dark matter. They analyzed large samples of special galaxies called Lyman-alpha emitters to study galaxy formation and evolution over billions of years.
Researchers found that the timing of the last evening meal and an individual's insulin sensitivity play a crucial role in regulating glucose levels. Dietary recommendations should consider both carbohydrate consumption and meal timing to prevent nighttime glycemic spikes, making personalized management strategies more precise.
Researchers from Texas A&M University have developed a novel approach to cryopreservation that may prevent organ cracking in larger organs. The breakthrough involves adjusting the makeup of vitrification solutions to achieve higher glass transition temperatures, reducing thermal stress cracking.
The UN University attributes the high death toll to decades of conflict, diplomatic isolation, and poor construction, which left buildings vulnerable to moderate earthquakes. The analysis calls for improved disaster relief frameworks to ensure humanitarian aid reaches all populations, regardless of government sanctions.
Recent research published in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry has made four significant discoveries about beer and wine. The studies explore the haziness and gluten content of beer as well as the astringent taste and potential health impacts of wine.
Researchers developed a flexible optical touch sensor that can pinpoint pressure strength and location with high sensitivity. The sensor uses multiple optical channels to detect pressure in more than one spot, enabling smart interfaces and devices.
A new study published in JAMA Dermatology found that nicotinamide reduced the risk of skin cancer by 14%, particularly among patients taking the treatment after a first skin cancer diagnosis. The benefits were more pronounced for squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting earlier intervention may be beneficial.
A new study by Boston University marine biologists reveals that heat waves are devastating the mutualistic relationship between clownfish and anemones in the Red Sea. The researchers found that prolonged bleaching caused a catastrophic breakdown in the system, resulting in a 94-100% die-off of clownfish and 66-94% die-off of anemones.
A groundbreaking discovery of Paleolithic tools in Ayvalık, Turkey, reveals that early humans may have used the northeastern Aegean coast as a route to enter Europe. The find provides valuable insights into early human presence, technological variability, and raw material preferences during the Pleistocene era.
Researchers found that zebra finches can accurately perceive and categorize their species' vocal signals, organizing them semantically. The birds exhibit a remarkable ability to distinguish between call types used in similar behavioral or social contexts.
The Mount Sinai Health System has received an $8 million grant from DataPhilanthropy to fuel urgently needed research into CADASIL, a genetic disease associated with migraines, strokes, cognitive decline, and dementia. The center will focus on extending brain healthspan and preventing dementia in individuals with genetic risk for cereb...
Research found higher fetal movement frequencies correlate with greater maternal attachment; paying attention to these signals may strengthen prenatal attachment and postnatal caregiving. Fetal movements contribute to emotional attachment formed during pregnancy.
Armida Labs will use the funding to advance preclinical studies of Targefrin, a potential clinical candidate for pancreatic and other cancers. The grant aims to develop an anti-metastatic agent that targets the EphA2 protein, which drives cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Scientists have developed new anti-Cryptococcus compounds using molecular networking and SMART strategies. Three phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpenoids exhibited moderate to high antifungal activity, with compound 9 showing an additive effect when combined with fluconazole.
The Whole Person Physiome Research and Coordination Center aims to create a comprehensive digital map of the healthy human body, combining physiology, precision medicine, and computational biology. The initiative will empower researchers and clinicians to better understand health and disease using AI-ready models.
Researchers developed an AI-driven algorithm that can predict nearly 70% of hot flashes before they're felt. The Embr Wave wearable device will incorporate this technology to mitigate symptoms and provide meaningful relief.
A new study published in Autism found that autistic children are more likely to experience ongoing gastrointestinal problems than their typically developing peers. These symptoms can affect sleep, communication, sensory processing and behavior, and often don't have an identified medical cause.
Dr. Alan Sager presents a guide to thorough healthcare reform in the US, citing high costs and inadequate insurance coverage as major issues. He proposes solutions such as containing costs safely, insuring all Americans, and securing adequate pay for doctors and hospitals.
Research finds fish diversity declining in arid regions of US and Australia due to reduced water availability. Climate change is also affecting these ecosystems, but the study's findings suggest multiple stressors are at play.
A new study found that cocoa extract supplements rich in flavanols decreased hsCRP levels, an inflammatory marker associated with cardiovascular disease. The results suggest cocoa extract's anti-inflammatory potential may help explain its heart-protective effects.
A cohort study suggests nicotinamide reduces skin cancer risk, with greatest effect seen after initial skin cancer diagnosis, indicating potential chemopreventive properties of the vitamin B3 derivative
A new study shows that remote perioperative monitoring significantly improves recovery for cancer surgery patients, with a 6% greater functional recovery rate by day 14 after surgery. The study also found fewer major complications and improved symptom management.
Researchers at University of Maryland Baltimore County harness quantum computing to address train delays, achieving promising results on hybrid tram-rail networks. Current NISQ quantum devices can solve large-scale transportation scheduling problems but require more advanced hardware.
Researchers found that a high-fat diet impairs memory formation in fruit flies by reducing autophagy, a crucial cellular recycling process. This suggests that lifestyle interventions promoting autophagy, such as exercise or intermittent fasting, may improve cognitive decline associated with HFD.
Researchers at DTU have discovered a way to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria by nourishing special bifidobacteria that is naturally occurring in the gut. Special lactic acids produced by bifidobacteria play a key role in keeping antibiotic-resistant bacteria at bay.
Researchers developed computational tools to analyze ecological data, identifying functionally equivalent species across different ecosystems. These tools use optimal transport distances to compare network structures, allowing for large-scale monitoring of ecosystem health and guiding conservation efforts.
The book provides an overview of agent-based modeling and multi-agent systems, highlighting their application in understanding economic crises. It integrates machine learning to enhance adaptation and behavior of agents in dynamic environments.
A new review from the University of Victoria suggests that psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT may help treat concussions and traumatic brain injuries by increasing neuroplasticity and reducing inflammation. The compounds have shown promise in treating depression, anxiety, and other conditions in clinical research.
A study published in Neurology found that amateur soccer players who frequently head the ball experience changes within the folds of their brain, including disruptions in a specific layer of white matter. This association was linked to poorer performance on thinking and memory tests.
Researchers developed a scalable method for creating complex ceramic structures using binder jet additive manufacturing and advanced post-processing techniques. This innovation enables the production of high-quality, leak-proof components for critical applications like pharmaceutical or chemical processing.
A new study by Anneke van Heteren found that early bears like the Auvergne bear were likely typical omnivores, not insect-eaters as previously thought. The research used 3D jaw analyses and geometric morphometrics to compare jaw biomechanics with different diets.
Researchers at Stanford University created an algorithm that efficiently manufactures products with a team of robots, directing them to work alone or in teams and laying out the assembly floor to prevent collisions. The ability to generate assembly plans quickly could provide flexibility in manufacturing, allowing factories to pivot mo...
A new RNA-based drug, RES-010, is designed to block an RNA molecule called miR-22, which plays a key role in obesity. The treatment has shown promising results in preclinical studies, inducing significant weight loss without regaining weight after treatment stops.
A study of 92 individuals with type 2 diabetes found that those who overeat due to emotional reasons are less likely to lose clinically significant weight while taking GLP-1 receptor agonists. In contrast, individuals who eat in response to external stimuli tend to respond well to the therapy.
Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center have successfully used base editing to correct mutations that cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in human and mouse cells. The technique shows promise in reducing liver cysts, a key symptom of the disease.
Scientists at UCSF successfully used CRISPRa to increase SCN2A levels in mice with the genetic disorder, resulting in reduced seizures and improved brain function. The therapy offers hope for treating neurodevelopmental issues related to SCN2A haploinsufficiency.
A recent study has found that people with psoriasis are at a significantly higher risk of developing AMD, including both exudative and non-exudative forms. The study suggests that biologic therapies may offer protective benefits for individuals with psoriasis.
Most coral reefs in the western Atlantic are projected to stop growing and begin eroding due to global warming, with more than 70% expected to decline by 2040. The study also found that reefs will lag behind sea-level rise, resulting in increased flooding risks along vulnerable coasts.
Researchers have identified CNNM4 as overexpressed in cholangiocarcinoma and found that inhibiting it, combined with GalNAc siRNA technology, can slow tumor growth and increase sensitivity to treatment. This approach could lead to personalized therapies for patients with limited treatment options.
A study by Stanford Medicine researchers reveals that creeping fat, a type of abnormal adipose tissue, forms scars in the intestines of people with Crohn's disease. This triggers debilitating scarring, which worsens symptoms and treatment options for patients.
Researchers analyzed aeroelastic coupling characteristics of TEF/NTBT rotor in forward flight and proposed a functional control strategy to suppress hub vibration intensity. The study revealed the influence mechanisms on aeroelastic characteristics and demonstrated a 45.72% reduction in vibratory hub loads using optimal TEF control.
A team at the University of Kansas will develop intelligent spectrum management frameworks to enable reliable communication for drones. They aim to study how to use a proposed 5030-5091 MHz frequency band efficiently, with potential benefits including quicker deliveries and improved emergency response.
Researchers will evaluate a patent-pending electrolyzer in simulated partial gravity environments aboard parabolic flights. The technology is designed to produce fuel, oxygen, and other life support compounds on the Moon or Mars for long-term human habitation.
DDX17 promotes HCC metastasis via the β-catenin/TCF4 pathway, inducing EMT and enhancing migration/invasion. The β-catenin/TCF4/DDX17 feedback loop is essential for HCC dissemination.
Mass General Brigham has identified key areas of innovation in medicine, including gene editing, immune system modulation, AI-powered care, and organ transplantation. The 'Big Ideas in Medicine' aim to transform diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease with next-generation technologies.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet found that music training strengthens the brain's ability to focus under distracting conditions. Musical people were better at using top-down attention while being less sensitive to bottom-up distractions.
A new AI model trained on routine ECG data accurately predicts patients at risk for life-threatening complications after surgery, outperforming current risk scores. The model achieves 85% accuracy and has the potential to transform decision-making and risk calculation for both patients and surgeons.
A UK Biobank study suggests that people with type 2 diabetes progress to additional chronic conditions at a faster rate than those without the condition. The study found that individuals with T2D experience a 60% higher risk of new disease diagnosis compared to those without T2D.
Researchers develop flexible batteries with internal voltage regulation using liquid metal microfluidic perfusion and plasma-based reversible bonding techniques. This technology addresses limitations of traditional rigid batteries.