Lisa Maillart, PhD, has been named Department Chair of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering. She aims to expand the department's growth in enrollment and guide interdisciplinary research on challenges like AI, health issues, and supply chain logistics.
Researchers use a combination of materials science and human genetics to map out the properties of enamel and dentin development in mouse incisors. Their methodology has the potential to provide new insights into identifying and treating rare craniofacial diseases and common dental cavities.
A new study found that scar tissue in the heart of healthy male endurance athletes aged 50 or older may increase their risk of abnormal heart rhythms and sudden cardiac death. The research used magnetic resonance imaging and ECG recorders to track the participants' heart activity over two years.
Researchers successfully converted CO2 from thermal power plant exhaust into formic acid and formamide using waste silicon wafers from discarded solar panels. The reaction produces high yields of these valuable organic chemicals, demonstrating the practicality of recycling materials to sequester greenhouse gases.
A recent study published in the journal Weed Science shows electric weed control technologies to be equally effective as herbicides and mechanical control methods. The research found that electric weed control provides a fire hazard risk if dry crop residues are present, but operation in winter or spring poses minimal fire risk.
A $500,000 ARC grant will strengthen the Rivertowns Program, support tourism planning, and expand access to outdoor recreation along the 652-mile Tennessee River. The project aims to promote personal well-being, strengthen community identity, and support long-term regional resilience.
A global Android smartphone-based earthquake detection and early warning system detects seismic activity in real time and delivers effective alerts, rivaling traditional seismic networks. The system, which harnesses the power of existing smartphones, has collected voluntary feedback through user surveys, indicating that 85% of recipien...
A new study by Mass General Brigham investigators identified an ancient immune pathway that is activated in patients with acute chest syndrome (ACS) and serves as a key driver of the disease. Blocking this pathway with clinically approved drugs alleviated disease severity in preclinical models.
Researchers develop new method to detect subtle magnetic signals in common metals like copper, gold, and aluminum, using a laser and large-amplitude modulation of the external magnetic field. This breakthrough could lead to advances in semiconductor industry, spintronic devices, and quantum systems.
A new nickel-based catalyst has been developed to produce valuable liquid hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide, a key component in fuels like gasoline and jet fuel. The research shows that the catalyst can selectively promote the production of branched hydrocarbons, which are ideal for high-performance fuels.
Researchers discovered that PAR1 triggers a structural transformation in lymphatic vessels, making them more permeable to absorb excess fluid and immune cells. This finding has implications for the treatment of lung diseases and could lead to targeted therapies.
Scientists develop a new approach to construct moiré superlattices using DNA nanotechnology, enabling precise control over twist angles and lattice symmetries. The resulting structures have potential applications in nanophotonics, spintronics, and materials science.
A study from the UJI reveals how the brain interprets social hierarchies and emotional facial expressions through the anterior temporal lobe. The upper part of this region is strongly activated when individuals make decisions based on emotional facial expressions, particularly in those with high levels of anxiety.
Researchers found that Magellanic penguins alternate between traveling in direct routes and swimming with the flow of strong currents to maximize navigation efficiency. By doing so, they conserve energy while maintaining accurate headings towards their colonies.
The Michigan Womyn's Music Festival, once an experiment in utopia, struggled with its 'womyn-born-womyn' policy excluding trans women. A new article examines the fight for trans inclusion and positions it within a history of activism that includes antiracist efforts by women of color.
Researchers have introduced a new method to overcome defect limitations and enhance the performance of CZTS photocathodes, delivering a record half-cell solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 9.91% in natural seawater. The device also sustains high photocurrent and exhibits corrosion resistance against chloride ions and dissolved oxygen.
The new compute roadmap aims to improve lives and livelihoods with advanced computing power. It includes investments in AI research, healthcare diagnostics, and renewable energy.
Researchers at Oregon State University have created intense yellow, orange, and reddish pigments using a thortveitite-like crystal lattice with nickel, zinc, and vanadium. The new pigments are stable under high temperatures and in acidic environments, making them suitable for large-scale production.
Researchers identified a protective RNA molecule that regulates autophagic flux and protects against cellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in kidney cells. Boosting this tRNA-Asp-GTC-3'tDR increases kidney protection with less scarring, inflammation, and injury.
A new study emphasizes the importance of increasing transparency about how countries use AI to manage migration, as overuse may perpetuate biases and errors. States should ensure responsible AI use respecting migrant rights and dignity, while complying with international human rights law.
Scientists think Neanderthals passed down different food preparation practices to neighboring groups, resulting in distinct butchery strategies. The differences in cut-mark patterns between Amud and Kebara caves may reflect unique cultural traditions of animal carcass processing.
Researchers at Forschungszentrum Jülich successfully created a 2D half metal, a material that conducts electricity using one type of electron spin. The alloy, composed of iron and palladium, enables energy-efficient spintronics beyond conventional electronics.
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a prevalent condition in older adults, associated with an increased risk for heart issues, including cardiovascular disease and mortality. Early detection and treatment can significantly impact quality of life, and symptoms include edema, varicose veins, and skin changes.
New UGA research reveals wild pigs are a significant cause of damage on farms and crops, with estimated losses of $107,000 per year. The invasive species' high birth rate and ability to uproot seeds and trample plants make them a destructive force in Georgia agriculture.
A novel 3D culture method enables self-organization of precursor cell types into functional liver organoids capable of producing essential clotting factors. The breakthrough advances organoid-based therapies, drug testing, and disease modeling for liver diseases, including hemophilia A.
A UCalgary-led study found that providing anti-vomiting medication to children with frequent vomiting from an intestinal infection helps them recover at home. The research identified ondansetron as an effective treatment approach for these children, reducing the need for hospitalization and improving symptom management.
Researchers developed a versatile technique to fabricate dome-celled aerogels with exceptional elasticity across various materials. These aerogels retained their structural integrity after thousands of compression cycles and showed thermal superinsulation capabilities.
A new study from the University of South Australia confirms that eggs are not high in cholesterol and do not contribute to cardiovascular disease. In contrast, saturated fat intake was found to increase LDL levels, highlighting the importance of dietary balance for heart health.
A new study highlights the potential of natural Gal-3 inhibitor, modified citrus pectin, to restore treatment efficacy in pancreatic cancer. Gal-3 inhibition in combination with gemcitabine reduces tumor growth and reverses drug resistance.
Researchers have discovered ancestral evolutionary links of Aspergillus latus strains through genome sequencing analyses, revealing potential for reduced susceptibility to antifungal medications. The study highlights the need for improved molecular diagnostic tools to accurately identify A. latus strains and manage aspergillosis.
Researchers identified a sucrose-sensing transcription factor SRF1 that regulates α-zein protein production in response to sugar levels. The study reveals a direct regulatory pathway where sucrose signaling modulates storage protein accumulation via SRF1, offering potential breeding strategies to improve maize grain quality.
Research reveals that children's swimming skills are significantly lower in natural environments compared to controlled settings. The study emphasizes the importance of adapting swimming instruction to account for environmental differences.
The Michigan Air Mobility Research Corridor will test advanced air mobility technologies, including battery-powered aircraft and autonomous systems. The corridor, spanning 40 miles from Ann Arbor to Detroit, aims to enable safe and efficient flight testing.
A new study published in JAMA Oncology found that vaccinated cancer patients are at lower risk for hospitalization and severe illness from COVID-19. The research analyzed data on over 161,000 cancer patients treated during 2022 and 2023, showing a significant reduction in hospitalizations by 29%.
Researchers used generative AI models like ChatGPT and DALL-E to analyze men's fashion trends and create realistic fashion collection images. The study highlights the importance of expertly worded prompts for accurate fashion design implementation, enabling efficient and creative use of generative AI in fashion.
A new study from the University of Surrey found that nearly 45% of hospital toilet users do not wash their hands after use, with non-compliance peaking at 61.8% on certain weeks.
CodeSteer, a smart coach developed by MIT researchers, guides large language models (LLMs) to switch between text and code generation to solve complex problems. The system boosts the accuracy of LLMs on symbolic tasks like scheduling shipments in supply chains and multiplication problems.
A novel polysaccharide fraction, AJDW, extracted from Albizia julibrissin, demonstrates anti-pancreatic cancer activity by inhibiting cell growth, inducing apoptosis, and blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This discovery provides a promising material for developing new anti-tumor drugs.
Researchers engineered Candida glabrata to boost antioxidant resistance and malate production, reducing ROS levels and increasing ATP production. The strain showed significant tolerance to artemisinin, paving the way for efficient pharmaceutical manufacturing.
A new Korea University study provides the first species-specific health risk estimates for indoor airborne microbes based on animal toxicity data. The research determines that exposure to fungi may be unsafe even at levels below current guidelines, while bacteria are within existing regulatory limits.
Researchers propose sparse-view irradiation processing VAM (SVIP-VAM) to reduce projection data and computation time. The method enables structure manufacturing with a reduced number of projections, increasing the feasibility of sparse-view printing.
Scientists from UC San Diego develop an artificial cell membrane that can remodel itself through metabolic activity, shedding light on how life may have emerged on prebiotic Earth. This breakthrough could lead to advancements in drug delivery, biomanufacturing and environmental remediation.
A retrospective cohort study found that COVID-19 booster vaccinations significantly protected against severe COVID-19, but uptake was low. Interventions are needed to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among high-risk populations with cancer.
Researchers found that low concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in flue gas improve CO2 capture stability, but high concentrations lead to decreased adsorption capacity and catalytic reforming ability. The study suggests that coating layers of calcium-containing compounds on Ni nanoparticles contribute to deactivation.
Recent advances in biofabrication and biomedical electronics have led to the development of biohybrid-engineered tissue (BHET) platforms, turning passive constructs into intelligent systems. These platforms show promise in diverse applications, including brain organoids and cardiac tissues, blurring the line between biology and machine.
Researchers used benthic foraminifera to study the link between Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strength and oxygen content in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. The study found that weaker AMOCs are associated with more oxygen in the oxygen-minimum zone, which has implications for marine ecosystems.
The WHO Reporting System for Soft Tissue Cytopathology provides a standardized classification system to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide clinical decision-making. The system aligns with the WHO Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours and incorporates cytomorphologic features, ancillary studies, and clinical correlation.
Researchers at the University of Illinois are working to bring back biodiversity to the Midwest by analyzing commercially sold seeds and plants. They found that long-lived species were more available than sensitive ones, and certain plant groups were over- or underrepresented in commercial seed mixes.
A new study found that US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines identify nearly 89% of pregnancies at increased risk, but leave 70.3% in the moderate risk category with nonspecific recommendations for aspirin use. The study suggests that these guidelines may influence clinicians' decisions regarding daily aspirin recommendations.
Researchers at New York University and University of Michigan have developed a detailed characterization of sail behavior during tacking maneuvers. This framework has potential applications in designing more efficient autonomous sailboats, particularly in oceanographic research.
A KAIST research team has identified a new molecular mechanism in which alcohol-damaged liver cells increase reactive oxygen species, leading to cell death and inflammatory responses. They discovered that Kupffer cells act as a 'dual-function regulator' that can either promote or suppress inflammation through interactions with liver ce...
A digital mental health intervention reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety in displaced Ukrainian children and adolescents. The study found that a small, low-cost intervention delivered through mobile devices significantly improved mental health outcomes.
The Solar EruptioN Integral Field Spectrograph (SNIFS) mission will study the energy dynamics of the Sun's chromosphere, a complex region that powers solar flares. By analyzing spectral lines, scientists hope to better understand how energy moves through the chromosphere and improve space weather forecasting.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a low-cost, long-lasting indoor formaldehyde sensor with a unique polymer coating. The coating extends the sensor's half-life by 200% and enables it to regenerate when performance degrades.
A new study from Weill Cornell Medicine sheds light on age-related liver changes that may lead to chronic diseases. The research reveals that aging disrupts the functional organization of liver cells, causing inflammation and impaired metabolism.
Researchers have developed a world-first system of rubber shock absorbers made from recycled tyres, significantly protecting railway tracks from damage. The technology reduces degradation and increases stability, saving millions of dollars annually for the Australian rail industry.
Sage has launched a new collection of peer-reviewed research on immigrant experiences, aiming to inform evidence-based policymaking and promote inclusive practices. The compilation offers a comprehensive perspective on the lives and challenges faced by migrants.
Researchers found that neurons have a built-in 'backup battery' in the form of stored glycogen, which helps them function during periods of metabolic stress. This discovery challenges traditional views on brain energy metabolism and opens new avenues for exploring treatments for neurological conditions.
Recent AI applications in wind speed prediction have improved accuracy and stability. Hybrid models combining shallow and deep learning approaches enhance robustness and long-term pattern extraction. The review emphasizes the role of multi-objective optimization in balancing prediction accuracy, efficiency, and model interpretability.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute have developed a new method to recycle lithium-ion batteries in an efficient and environmentally friendly way. The process recovers over 92% of critical metals and produces high-performance cathode powders, performing on par with virgin materials.