Articles tagged with Type 2 Diabetes
A team of researchers has identified a common regulatory grammar in islet cells that affects the activity of Regulatory Factor X, a master regulator involved in gene expression. Many Type 2 diabetes-linked DNA changes disrupt this grammar, leading to a range of health problems.
The American Diabetes Association has awarded a $1.625-million grant to develop an animal model studying the connection between gut bacteria and autoimmune attack in type 1 diabetes. The research aims to identify mechanisms that may contribute to the disease and potentially lead to treatments that prevent it.
A new study found that high levels of air pollution can make insulin-creating cells less efficient, increasing the risk for type 2 diabetes in obese Latino children. Exposure to poor air quality during childhood increases the risk for obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
A study of over 33,000 people found that preventing adult weight gain can reduce type 2 diabetes cases twice as much as targeting high-risk individuals, and that population-based strategies could prevent nearly one in five diabetes cases if everyone who gained weight maintained their weight.
The UT Southwestern Medical Center review article proposes an evidence-based medicine approach to prevent overtreatment of type 2 diabetes. It suggests balancing absolute benefits and harms with the physician's judgment and patient values, recommending more modest blood-sugar goals for frail and older individuals.
A new study found that providing nutritious meals to HIV-positive individuals and those with Type 2 diabetes improved medication adherence, reduced depression, and increased optimal blood sugar control. Participants consumed fewer fats, more fruits and vegetables, and lost weight, while also experiencing fewer symptoms of depression.
A randomized trial will investigate canagliflozin's effects on kidney function decline and provide benefits to diabetic patients. The study aims to slow kidney damage and inform treatment decisions.
A study of nearly 31,000 insured patients in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health care system reports that nonadherence to newly prescribed diabetes medications was greater among Latino than white patients. Meanwhile, another study found a 10 percent increase in glycemic control for Latino patients who switched from languag...
A UBC study finds that one session of interval weight-training can improve blood vessel function and reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes complications. The study demonstrates that simple leg exercises involving weights can be an effective tool to manage disease, especially for those with Type 2 diabetes.
A systematic review of screening tests and interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention found low diagnostic accuracy, with lifestyle interventions showing a 37% reduction in relative risk. Population-wide approaches may be more effective than screen and treat policies alone.
The American College of Physicians recommends prescribing metformin as the primary treatment for type 2 diabetes when medication is necessary to improve blood sugar levels. Adding a second oral medication to metformin may provide additional benefits, but the cost should be discussed with clinicians and patients.
A new study found that fenofibrate therapy may be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes who take statins but still have high triglyceride levels and low HDL cholesterol levels. The study suggests a potential benefit of combining fenofibrate with statin treatment for this specific patient population.
A study of over 3,000 families affected by mid-20th Century China's widespread starvation found that prenatal famine exposure was associated with significantly higher odds of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes in both the mother and her children. The risk persisted even when only one parent had been exposed to famine.
Researchers found that moderate exercise improved spatial memory impairments in type 2 diabetic rats, possibly due to increased lactate levels and normalization of glycogen levels. Exercise also normalized MCT2 expression, which may be a key mechanism underlying the improved memory function.
A 'Sit Less' intervention, breaking up sitting with standing and light-intensity walking, significantly improved insulin sensitivity and 24-hour glucose levels compared to traditional exercise. The study found that reducing sitting time can be a more effective way to improve blood sugar control for individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Research from the University of Eastern Finland shows that even mild iron excess contributes to type 2 diabetes prevalence and incidence. Men are more at risk due to higher iron accumulation, while moderate iron levels are safer than depletion or deficiency.
Australian researchers have discovered that the platypus and echidna have evolved changes in the hormone GLP-1, making it resistant to rapid degradation. This finding has potential for developing new type 2 diabetes treatments with a long-lasting form of insulin.
A recent study identified five genetic variants associated with higher levels of isoleucine, leucine, and valine, which are linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The researchers also found that these genetic variants were more common in individuals with impaired metabolism of branched-chain amino acids.
Researchers have successfully reactivated oscillations in insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells using mathematical models and microfluidic devices. By delivering controlled glucose levels to dormant cells, scientists can test how insulin-producing cells get turned off and whether they can be reactivated.
The study confirms that cardiorespiratory fitness is a stronger predictor of mortality than established risk factors such as smoking and hypertension. Higher levels of CRF are associated with improved outcomes for certain forms of cancer, surgical risk, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, depression and Type 2 diabetes.
A study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that Asian Americans have a high prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes and are less likely to undergo recommended screening. Only 47.1% of Asian Americans received appropriate screening, compared to 60.2% of non-Hispanic blacks.
A recent survey found that Asian Americans are the least likely racial or ethnic group in the US to receive type 2 diabetes screening, despite having a high risk of developing the disease. Only 47.1% of eligible Asian Americans received screening tests between 2012 and 2014.
Researchers found that patients with high cholesterol who take statins have a 20% increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. However, those in the fit and highly fit categories had significantly lower diabetes risk, with reductions of 22% and 42%, respectively.
A new wearable medical device has been found to reduce visceral fat and improve blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. The device, which uses mild electrical stimulation and heat shock, has shown significant improvements in glycated hemoglobin values and insulin resistance.
Regular aerobic exercise has been shown to improve artery health and reduce stiffness in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The study found that aerobic exercise significantly benefits vascular function and smooth muscle function in the arteries.
A 14-year study of 1,685 adult Americans found that regular sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with increased risk of prediabetes and insulin resistance. Higher intake was linked to a 46% higher risk of developing prediabetes compared to low- or non-consumers.
A recent study published in Cell Metabolism suggests that accumulation of ceramides may make people more prone to type 2 diabetes. Researchers found that patients with higher ceramide levels were more likely to develop the condition, even if they were obese.
A recent study published in the Obesity Journal found that participants who used Weight Watchers for one year showed significant improvements in blood sugar control and weight loss compared to those receiving standard care. The program helped participants reduce their medication needs and improve long-term diabetes management.
A systematic review of 14 studies found that mobile app users with type 2 diabetes experienced a reduction in average blood glucose levels, with an approximate 0.5% decrease in HbA1c. Younger patients reported more benefits from using apps.
Two new papers published in Diabetologia found a 26% reduction in T2D risk among participants who achieved 11.25 MET hours/week, more than twice the recommended minimum. The studies also suggest that exercising after meals can deliver significant additional health benefits.
Researchers at Buck Institute have found a sensor for reactive molecules linked to diabetic complications, providing a pathway to study many of the ravages of diabetes. Two natural compounds, including alpha-lipoic acid, prevented nerve damage in worms experiencing similar hypersensitivity to touch as humans with diabetic neuropathy.
Two new papers published in Diabetologia found a 26% reduction in T2D risk among participants who achieved moderate activity levels, with benefits increasing at higher activity levels. Timing of physical activity also played a role, with exercising after meals delivering greater health benefits.
New research from the University of Otago suggests that walking after meals can significantly lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The study found that post-meal physical activity can reduce blood sugar levels by up to 22% compared to taking a single 30-minute walk at any time of the day.
By 2025, up to 12 million children may develop impaired glucose tolerance, while 4 million will be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The study forecasts a sharp increase in obesity-related conditions among children, sparking calls for governments to reduce childhood obesity.
A review of the current knowledge on the causes of type 2 diabetes and obesity reveals a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The study highlights the importance of epigenomic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, in modulating gene expression and disease risk.
Clemson University scientists are using high-tech computer modeling and experimental validation techniques to understand the molecular causes of adult-onset diabetes. They aim to develop new therapeutic approaches by studying peptide protein co-secreted with insulin in the pancreas.
A recent expert review from the International Osteoporosis Foundation confirms that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of bone fragility. The mechanisms behind this include hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and microvascular complications, which alter bone turnover and material properties.
A recent study published in Diabetologia found that intensified and multifaceted treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and known vascular damage can extend their lifespan by approximately 8 years. The treatment involved a combination of behavioural education, medication, and lifestyle modifications.
Researchers investigate the link between diet, obesity-linked Type 2 diabetes, and intervertebral disc degeneration. They suspect that a diet high in processed fats and sugars causes inflammation and modification of disc tissue, leading to degeneration.
A recent study found that canagliflozin slows the progression of kidney function decline to a greater extent than glimepiride, while having similar blood sugar-lowering effects. The findings suggest that potential kidney protective effects of canagliflozin may be unrelated to glycemic control.
A large-scale study found that consuming at least 500mg of dietary omega-3 fatty acids daily was associated with a 48% reduced risk of developing sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. The study, published in JAMA Ophthalmology, involved over 3,500 adults with type 2 diabetes and followed them for six years.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine discover a novel protein called PTRF linked to type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The study finds that most obese individuals develop insulin resistance despite having normal fat cells.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute have identified a potential target for preventing type 2 diabetes by blocking the cellular glucose sensor MondoA in muscle, improving insulin responsiveness. This study suggests that MondoA regulates genes involved in fat synthesis and inhibits insulin signaling.
Patients with non-functional adrenal tumors are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, a new study reveals. According to the research, even benign tumors that don't secrete hormones can increase the risk of metabolic diseases.
A recent study found that the overall incidence of type 2 diabetes has stabilised over recent years, while mortality rates have declined, suggesting that increased prevalence may be attributed to longer survival. The findings suggest significant differences based on gender, age, and socioeconomic status.
A study of 124,379 postmenopausal women found that shorter and longer reproductive spans increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Women with optimal reproductive durations had lower BMI and waist circumferences compared to those with shorter or longer periods.
A study published in Menopause found that women who began menopause before age 46 or after 55 were at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study also revealed that the length of a woman's lifetime reproductive cycle was associated with an increased risk of diabetes.
A new study from Imperial College London found that the flu vaccine may significantly reduce the likelihood of hospitalization with stroke and heart failure in people with type 2 diabetes. Patients who received the influenza vaccination had a 24% lower death rate compared to those who weren't vaccinated.
A new study found that flu vaccination in people with type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced rates of hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The vaccine was linked to a 19% reduction in heart attacks, 30% lower risk of stroke, and 22% decrease in heart failure hospitalizations.
A recent study found that breastfeeding for over three months postpartum alters maternal metabolism, producing lower concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and phospholipids. This change in metabolites is linked to reduced insulin resistance and a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
A new meta-analysis of 102 randomized controlled trials found that consuming unsaturated fats in place of either carbohydrates or saturated fats improves insulin resistance and secretion. This could aid in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.
Higher levels of certain omega-6 fatty acids, like linoleic acid, were associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk. In contrast, higher levels of other minor omega-6 fatty acids and no association was found for omega-3 fatty acids.
Children born with heart disease have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes after age 30, according to a new study. Those with cyanotic congenital heart disease face the highest risk. The incidence of diabetes by age 45 was significantly higher in CHD subjects compared to the general population.
A systematic review with network meta-analysis found no significant differences in the associations between glucose-lowering drugs and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. The study included nearly 120,000 adults with type 2 diabetes and estimated that diabetes accounted for approximately 1.5 million deaths in 2012.
A new systematic review found that gliclazide confers the lowest risk of hypoglycemia when added to metformin. This suggests prescribing a medication with a lower risk of low blood sugar may be a rational and affordable alternative for patients with type 2 diabetes.
A cohort study of 24,623 men and 27,890 women found that habitual cycling was associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Participants who took up habitual cycling during the follow-up period were at 20% lower risk for T2D than non-cyclists.
A new education program has been shown to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in people at high risk by over 80%. The program, which includes a main session and follow-up sessions, resulted in an 88% risk reduction for those who attended fully.
A comprehensive study has mapped the genetic underpinnings of type 2 diabetes, revealing over a dozen risk genes and pinpointing specific protein sequences that contribute to disease development. The findings highlight the complexity of the condition and emphasize the need for personalized treatment approaches.
A comprehensive study of the genetics of type 2 diabetes has unveiled significant details about the disease's underlying mechanisms. The research identified common genetic variants that contribute to an individual's risk of developing the disease, as well as genes and proteins directly involved in its development.
A large international research team identified common genetic variants as the biggest culprits behind type 2 diabetes, with novel East Asian-specific variant PAX4 also found. The study's findings provide a more complete picture of the disease's genetics and hold promise for precision medicine.