Articles tagged with Serotyping
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Researchers developed a simple test that detects antibodies against four dengue virus serotypes and zika virus. The test achieved high sensitivity (87.8%) and specificity (91.4%), indicating its potential to monitor specific antibodies produced in response to exposure to the viruses.
The reemergence of dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) in Brazil could worsen fresh outbreaks as the population is not immunized against this serotype. Researchers found a rise in DENV-3 cases since late 2023, with 31 blood samples testing positive for the virus.
A Brazilian study found that prior zika infection significantly increases the risk of developing severe dengue and being hospitalized. The study analyzed samples from over 1,000 laboratory-confirmed dengue patients and identified a higher viral load and inflammatory cytokine levels in those with prior zika infections.
A study found that mutant strains of Salmonella cause more severe infections in commercial poultry than wild-type bacteria. The deletion of genes ttrA and pduA led to increased immune response and pathogenicity, emphasizing the importance of animal health measures and proper food conservation.
A Rutgers researcher has analyzed data from Mexico's Ministry of Health to identify dengue fever hotspots, highlighting areas where severe outbreaks occur. The study found that lower socioeconomic status increases risk of dengue fever and that DENV-2 is the deadliest serotype.
Researchers developed CRISPR-SeroSeq technology to identify multiple strains of salmonella in live bird samples, revealing three serotypes known to cause human illness. The study provides a framework for poultry producers to inform their salmonella control practices and reduce the risk of contamination.
A new genomics study has helped guide the development of vaccines against Shigella, a leading cause of severe diarrhoea in children. The research revealed the extent of genomic diversity among Shigella species, highlighting challenges to current vaccine approaches.
The study suggests that COVID-19 eradication is technically possible due to the availability of safe vaccines, lifelong immunity, and effective government management. However, securing high vaccine coverage and responding quickly to variants are major challenges.
Researchers identified unique antibody responses that correlate with protection against dengue fever, highlighting the need for vaccines targeting specific serotypes. The study provides crucial information for developing effective dengue vaccines.
A new study found that a current vaccine reduced childhood pneumonia hospitalizations by 21% but increased empyema admissions by 25%. The researchers urge the development of an effective vaccine against emerging non-vaccine serotypes, particularly serotype 3, which causes 76% of empyema cases.
A universal leptospirosis vaccine candidate has been developed, providing cross-protection against different species of the Leptospira genus. The attenuated vaccine elicited a wide range of protein-specific antibodies, targeting key proteins critical to the bacteria's survival.
A team of researchers from SMART has developed a novel approach to induce strong and broad immunity against the dengue virus. Sequential immunization was found to be more effective in inducing higher levels of neutralizing antibodies to all four DENV serotypes than traditional tetravalent-formulated immunization.
The current serotype of dengue virus in Singapore has the ability to transform its structure, evading the host's immune response and making vaccines and therapeutics less effective. This poses a significant challenge for developing effective treatments and preventing dengue infections.
Researchers have developed a sensitive and specific assay to detect different serotypes of Salmonella, enabling rapid tracing of infection origins. The new DNA test can distinguish between subtypes of Salmonella in just eight minutes and has the potential to simplify and accelerate food-borne illness investigations.
Researchers at the Butantan Institute and Boston Children's Hospital have developed a novel pneumonia vaccine capable of providing protection against all serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The vaccine is less expensive and more effective than current vaccines, with an estimated price of $2 per dose.
Researchers from Cornell and Mars Global Food Safety Center developed a method for whole-genome sequencing to determine salmonella serotypes in two hours. This improves the efficiency of food safety response to salmonella contamination incidents, which can occur in various foods.
New research suggests that tailor-made vaccines can significantly reduce rates of serious bacterial diseases like pneumonia and sepsis. By analyzing genomic data and modeling bacterial evolution, scientists identified optimal vaccine designs for specific populations, which could lead to a 50% reduction in disease rates.
A study of 21 macaque monkeys found that primary and secondary infections with Zika virus did not amplify symptoms, contradicting previous tissue culture and mouse findings. The study suggests that combining a Zika vaccine with a dengue vaccine may be necessary to prevent enhancement of either virus.
Researchers have discovered a highly focused antibody response in dengue infection that neutralizes the virus and persists for months. The study provides new insights into the complex immune response to dengue and could lead to advanced vaccine formulations.
Researchers identified specific genes in three Salmonella serotypes that enable the bacteria to survive in poultry and infect humans. The study aims to develop a vaccine by generating mutant forms of these bacteria.
Researchers found that vaccination with Streptococcus mitis boosted production of IgG and IgA antibodies, as well as Th17 cells, offering protection against certain serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study suggests that this natural human colonizer could be used to develop a safe vaccine against the disease.
Research reveals Salmonella species, causing foodborne diseases, are resistant to multiple antibiotic classes. The study identified 39 genes linked to this resistance, shedding light on the epidemiology of salmonellosis in Brazil.
A 10-year US study found the highest Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infection incidence in the South and among children under 5. Antimicrobial resistance rates were also highest, with 88% of isolates susceptible to all tested antimicrobials.
Scientists developed a model to accurately predict the transmission dynamics of various viruses, enabling optimized vaccination programs. The analysis analyzed over 100 enterovirus serotypes and demonstrated patterns in their transmission cycles.
A team of scientists developed a mathematical model to analyze antibody levels in Thai patients, identifying a 'window of risk' for individuals who are more susceptible to severe forms of the disease. The study's findings offer new insights into dengue infection and may lead to closer monitoring and vaccination strategies.
A statistical analysis found that most Legionnaires' disease cases in Flint can be attributed to the city's switch to the Flint River water source. The study also identified a specific strain of Legionella isolated from Flint residences that is not easily detectable by common diagnostic tests.
A new meningococcal vaccine, MenB-4C (Bexsero), has been shown to cover up to 91% of bacterial strains causing invasive serogroup B meningococcal disease in children and young adults. The vaccine contains four antigens that induce an immune response against the bacteria.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology has made significant progress in developing a DNA vaccine against the dengue virus. Researchers have successfully induced persistent humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, providing efficient protection against lethal challenge from one of the four ser...
A Canadian research team found a new antibiotic resistance gene, fosA7, in Salmonella from broiler chickens, which confers high resistance to the antibiotic fosfomycin. The researchers tested the gene's strength and confirmed its ability to boost resistance levels by over 256-fold.
A recent cluster of sexually transmitted infections in the US has revealed that meningitis bacteria are adapting to a urogenital environment, gaining enzymes to grow in low-oxygen conditions. The capsule-less organism is less likely to cause invasive diseases, but may still be susceptible to existing vaccines.
A recent study found that pre-existing immunity to dengue virus modulates the magnitude and breadth of the immune system's T cell response to Zika. This shape the subsequent CD8+ T cell response to Zika in mice, with implications for vaccine development.
Researchers found high viral infectivity rates for dengue serotypes 2 and 3 compared to strain 1. The study also showed antibodies contribute to disease severity during secondary dengue infections.
Researchers developed a new type of nanoparticle vaccine that effectively vaccinated mice against one dengue virus serotype. The vaccine targets only one strain, but its development could pave the way for vaccines against all four serotypes, potentially offering better protection against life-threatening disease.
A new analysis of the world's first marketed dengue virus vaccine (Dengvaxia) provides critical insights for policymakers in dengue-affected countries. The study found that seropositive recipients gained a substantial benefit from vaccination, being 90% less likely to be hospitalized after contracting dengue.
A new study by NIH and its collaborators reveals that vaccination against one strain of Zika virus may be sufficient to provide protection against other genetically diverse strains. The research found that neutralizing antibodies produced in response to infection with one strain can also protect against infections caused by other strai...
A controlled human challenge study shows a dengue vaccine candidate can fully protect healthy volunteers from infection. The results support further evaluation of the vaccine and may help identify promising candidates and eliminate poor ones.
A new vaccination scheme is projected to reduce the frequency of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in China. The study suggests that serotype replacement will not significantly impact the benefits of a HFMD vaccination campaign, with cross-protection lasting an average of 6.77 weeks.
Researchers tested 20 pneumococcal serotyping methods, finding that a microarray analysis with culture amplification is top-performing but a cheaper method offers an affordable alternative. The study's findings aim to improve vaccine development and evaluation in low-income countries.
Researchers found significant antigenic difference within each dengue serotype, suggesting individuals infected with one type may not be protected against different strains. The study's findings have implications for vaccine design and understanding of the virus's evolution.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have identified nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) as a key culprit responsible for fluid loss and resulting shock in severe dengue virus infections. Blocking this protein in mice protected them from lethal effects, suggesting it could be a prime target for drugs and vaccines.
Researchers have devised a new approach to vaccines that creates immunity without standard approaches, offering a rapid solution to deadly diseases like dengue fever. The DMAb platform produces antibodies that do not bind to cell receptors, eliminating the chance for infection and disease.
A team led by Associate Professor Shee-Mei Lok at Duke-NUS Medical School discovered an antibody that neutralizes dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2), making it harder to kill. The finding could help develop dengue therapeutics and is a significant step towards addressing the global dengue pandemic.
Researchers discovered a human antibody specific to dengue virus serotype 2 that protects mice from the virus, regardless of administration timing. The antibody may act as both a preventative and therapeutic agent by locking viral envelope proteins on the surface, preventing them from entering host cells.
Researchers have determined the structure of a human monoclonal antibody that strongly neutralizes a type of the potentially lethal dengue virus in an animal model. This finding could lead to effective therapies and vaccines against dengue, a complex of four distinct mosquito-borne viruses causing illness and death in the tropics.
Researchers discovered a previously unknown serotype of oral bacterium, Streptococcus mutans serotype k, in African-American schoolchildren in southwest Alabama. The study found the bacteria to be present in 84% of children, with no invasive genes linked to systemic diseases.
Researchers at University of Queensland found Botox toxin travels through nerves to central nervous system, where it can intoxicate neighboring cells. This discovery has implications for disease treatments and raises questions about the toxin's long-term effects.
A new study found that children who received the 4CMenB vaccine in infancy showed waning immunity to serogroup B meningococcal disease by age 5, despite receiving a booster dose at 3.5 years old. The researchers also reported lower rates of fever compared to younger children.
A potent dengue-neutralizing antibody, 5J7, has been identified with a tiny amount needed to stop the infection of dengue serotype 3 virus (DENV-3). This breakthrough finding offers hope for developing effective dengue treatments.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that combining acupuncture or counselling with usual care can significantly reduce depression symptoms in patients with recurring depression. The study also showed a reduction in serious pneumococcal infections, highlighting the importance of vaccination in reducing these diseases.
A new meningitis vaccine has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of all cases of meningitis by 94% and carriage prevalence of the epidemic strain by 98%, according to a recent study. The vaccine was found to be highly effective in vaccinated regions, with no cases of serogroup A meningitis identified.
The PsA-TT vaccine has been shown to dramatically reduce the incidence of all cases of meningitis by 94% and eliminate serogroup A meningococcal meningitis in vaccinated regions. Carriage of the disease-causing bacteria was also significantly reduced.
The study found that different PCV immunization schedules resulted in similar antibody levels in infants, with some schedules being superior for specific serotypes. The researchers conclude that optimal timing of the primary series is crucial to maintain optimal antibody levels during the period between the primary series and the boost...
Researchers at MIT have developed a novel approach to protecting against the dengue virus using mutated antibodies. The new therapy has shown significant promise in neutralizing all four serotypes of the virus and could be ready for human trials within two to three years.
A study published in PNAS reveals that dengue fever transmission is driven by human movement within residential networks. The research found that people visiting friends and relatives in nearby homes were the main driver of rapid transmission. This finding has implications for disease surveillance and control.
Researchers identified two cell receptors, TIM and TAM, essential for the Dengue virus to enter cells. Inhibiting these receptors reduces infection and provides a new therapeutic strategy.
The study found that local variation in neighborhood immunity significantly alters the risk of dengue infection, even in highly mobile and dense urban populations. Infection with dengue provides lifelong immunity to the infecting serotype, but susceptibility returns, increasing the risk for severe disease.
A new bivalent recombinant vaccine has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in adolescents, inducing bactericidal antibodies against 90% of invasive meningococcus serogroup B strains. The vaccine's broad protection and high seroprotection rates suggest it may help reduce the global burden of invasive meningococcal disease.
A new study on the administration of a multicomponent serogroup B meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB) with routine infant vaccines found it to be immunogenic and generally well-tolerated. The vaccine produced minimal interference with routine vaccines, allowing for potential inclusion in early infancy vaccination schedules.
A genetic study found that pneumococcus bacteria can evade vaccines by swapping genome regions, making them invisible to the vaccine. The exchange of genome regions occurred through recombination, allowing the bacteria to quickly adapt and develop resistance.
A new vaccine has been developed to protect against group B meningococcal disease, a major cause of meningitis in high-income countries and some developing regions. The vaccine was found to be highly effective in adolescents aged 11-17 years, with 99-100% protection after two or three doses.