Articles tagged with Controlled Trials
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A randomized controlled trial found that higher daily doses of rifampin killed more TB bacteria in sputum cultures without increasing adverse effects. The study also showed that higher doses resulted in increased elimination rates of TB bacteria from sputum.
A study published by Purdue University found that adopting a Mediterranean-style eating pattern improves heart health, even if the red meat consumed is lean and unprocessed. The study compared two groups: one consuming 3 ounces of lean red meat per day and another consuming it only twice a week.
A Northwestern University study found that carbon dioxide gas injections eliminate fat around the stomach, but modest changes were not sustained over six months. The technique is considered safe and non-invasive, offering an alternative to existing methods for fat reduction.
A study found that chewing gum while walking increases heart rate and energy expenditure in both male and female participants. Middle-aged and elderly men experienced the greatest effect, with increased distance walked, mean walking speed, and total energy expenditure.
A simple visual screening tool, VAT, shows increased predictive value for dementia risk when combined with MMSE score declines. The tool may help identify older adults at increased risk of developing dementia.
A new study from St. Michael's Hospital suggests that pasta can be part of a healthy diet due to its low glycemic index, which causes smaller increases in blood sugar levels. Researchers found that consuming pasta as part of a low-glycemic index diet resulted in small weight loss.
A randomized controlled trial found that varenicline significantly reduced smoking in patients with heart attack over the following year. The study showed that about 40% of participants who received varenicline were not smoking at one year, compared to 29% in the placebo group.
The COMPASS trial found that the ADAPT technique is at least as good as stent retrievers for treating large-vessel occlusions, with 52% of patients achieving functional independence. Aspiration also showed a non-significant trend in favor of reperfusion success.
A comprehensive data analysis found no significant effect of 100% fruit juice on fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, or glycemic control. The study supports previous research indicating that 100% fruit juice is not linked to an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes.
A new smart grid system has been developed to reduce inter-area oscillations on the western power grid, allowing for more power to be transmitted while maintaining stability. The system uses real-time data from sensors placed throughout the grid to counteract oscillations, enabling utilities to save costs and improve efficiency.
A new randomized controlled trial found that using probiotics and xylitol chewing gum has no effect on alleviating sore throat symptoms. Researchers suggest simple over-the-counter treatments may be more effective, enabling self-management and reducing antibiotic use.
A randomized controlled trial found that text message reminders increased vaccine uptake among eligible patients, with the greatest effect seen in children under five years old. The study suggests cost-efficient strategies to improve vaccine uptake, particularly for vulnerable populations.
New treatments for kidney disease, such as tolvaptan for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), have shown promising results in slowing kidney function decline. Bardoxolone methyl has also improved renal function in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Meanwhile, QPI-1002 has reduced the incidence and severity of acute...
A study published by The BMJ found that lying down during the second stage of labor for women with low-dose epidurals increases the chance of a spontaneous vaginal birth. This approach shows no adverse consequences for mothers or babies.
The study found that scribes significantly improved physician satisfaction in terms of overall satisfaction, time spent charting, and chart quality. Physicians were more satisfied with scribed charts than their own, suggesting a potential solution to the clerical burden associated with documentation.
A study at ESMO 2017 found that positive randomised controlled trials are twice as likely to be reported in the lay press as those with negative trials. The study also found that trials on immunotherapy and targeted therapy were more commonly reported than those on chemotherapy.
A new study published by the European Society of Cardiology found that bag-mask ventilation does not improve survival rates compared to endotracheal intubation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. The trial included 2,043 patients and showed a higher incidence of failed ventilation with bag-mask ventilation.
A meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials found that consuming EPA and DHA omega-3s reduced the risk of cardiac death by an average of 8%. Higher risk reduction was seen in individuals with high cholesterol or triglycerides, with a significant 17% reduction in these groups.
A meta-analysis published in PLOS Medicine found that gabapentinoids have no significant improvement in pain relief for chronic low back pain, and may even worsen symptoms. The study analyzed findings from 8 randomized controlled trials and identified significant risks of adverse events such as dizziness and visual disturbances.
A recent study by Goethe University Frankfurt reveals that regular physical exercise not only enhances fitness but also positively affects brain metabolism and memory. The SMART trial found stable cerebral choline concentrations in the training group, indicating a reduced risk of dementia.
A Phase I clinical trial demonstrated the safety and tolerability of activated B. infantis EVC001 in breastfed infants. The study found no difference in adverse events between supplemented and unsupplemented groups, but significant colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract was observed.
The study found dual therapy with lamivudine and a boosted protease inhibitor to be effective as second-line treatment in patients infected by HIV with multiple mutations. The combination resulted in lower rates of treatment failure, increased CD4 cell count, and better tolerability compared to monotherapy.
A large randomized controlled trial found that acupuncture significantly improved the quality of life and physical and mental health of patients with allergic asthma. The study involved 1445 participants who received on average 15 acupuncture sessions over three months, with benefits maintained for up to six months.
A Phase 2 trial found rituximab not effective in treating fatigue in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients, but showed improvements in anaerobic threshold. The study suggests further research on specific types of fatigue may yield more favorable results.
A new study found that adding a third oral antihyperglycemic agent to metformin and sitagliptin can improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients, overcoming 'clinical inertia' and allowing more than 60% of patients to reach the target HbA1c level. The study, which included over 7,800 participants, also found that the addition o...
A new triple inhaler has shown a 20% reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) flare-ups in a year-long trial involving 2,691 patients. The study found that the inhaler improved lung function and reduced symptoms, with potential benefits for early diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Researchers compiled a list of over 40 online programs with evidence from randomized controlled trials, finding nearly 80% were unavailable to the public. The sites address various health issues, including depression, weight loss, and chronic pain, and offer interactive modules and assignments to complete.
Researchers compared skin closure methods using glue (Dermabond) versus sutures in a randomized controlled trial. No significant differences were found in wound complications or scar healing between the two groups, suggesting both methods can be safe and successful for skin closure after cesarean delivery.
A study found that glucose supplementation significantly reduces the length of induced labor in nulliparous women without increasing complication rates. The researchers tested whether adding glucose to intravenous hydration solution could accelerate labor, concluding it's a low-cost and safe intervention.
A randomized controlled pilot trial found that N-acetylcysteine combined with group cognitive behavioral therapy reduced PTSD symptoms, cravings, and depression significantly more than CBT alone. The treatment showed promising results for a difficult-to-treat population of veterans with co-occurring PTSD and substance use disorder.
A comprehensive review of homeopathy in livestock found that many clinical trials have methodological limitations, making it difficult to draw conclusions about its effectiveness. The review suggests that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using homeopathy in food-producing animals.
Recent studies have yielded promising results for patients with type 2 diabetes, including a 21% reduced risk of kidney dysfunction or death. Remote ischemic preconditioning has also shown sustained improvement in kidney function after transplantation. Meanwhile, trials examining dialysate sodium levels and voclosporin treatment have o...
A recent study by UNM Nutrition Professor Peter Pribis has found that consuming walnuts can significantly improve the mood of young men. The randomized trial involved 64 students aged 18-25 who were given either banana bread with walnuts or without for 16 weeks, with their mood measured at the end of each eight-week period.
A randomized control trial tested the HOPE program against traditional PAU, finding no significant differences in re-arrest rates or time to re-arrest. The study suggests that strict supervision practices can be effective, but more work is needed to determine the model's effectiveness for specific types of probationers.
A multi-country randomized controlled trial will assess the impact of cleaner burning cooking stoves on household air pollution and health in four low- and medium-income countries. The study aims to provide compelling evidence for national and global policies to reduce household air pollution among vulnerable populations.
A randomized controlled trial involving over 300 informal health care providers in West Bengal found that training increased correct case management for ailments like angina, diarrhea, and asthma. However, the training did not significantly affect drug prescribing behavior, including antibiotic overprescription.
A three-armed clinical trial found that spinal manipulation therapy reduced migraine days, but the effect was likely attributed to a placebo response. Migraine treatment with usual drug therapy failed to show sustained benefits.
The Penumbra 3D Trial demonstrated non-inferiority in safety and efficacy of a next-generation stent retriever when used with aspiration devices compared to solo aspiration use. Revascularization rates were comparable between the two groups, suggesting frontline effectiveness of the combined therapy.
A supervised self-monitoring approach, which includes adjusted treatment or reinforcing lifestyle changes when needed, was found to be effective in controlling diabetes. The study showed better glycaemic control and lower glycated haemoglobin levels in the intervention arm compared to those who received usual care.
A new meta-analysis of 102 randomized controlled trials found that consuming unsaturated fats in place of either carbohydrates or saturated fats improves insulin resistance and secretion. This could aid in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.
A randomized controlled trial found that nasal irrigation improved symptoms of chronic sinus congestion in patients, while steam inhalation did not alleviate symptoms. Nasal irrigation was also associated with reduced use of over-the-counter medications and fewer doctor visits.
A randomized controlled trial found that electroacupuncture combined with nighttime splinting improved symptoms of chronic carpal tunnel syndrome. The treatment provided small improvements in disability, function, and pinch strength among patients with mild to moderate symptoms.
A randomized controlled trial found that single covered, self-expanding metallic stents (cSEMS) resolved benign obstructions of the pancreatic and biliary ducts with fewer ERCP sessions, compared to traditional plastic stents. cSEMS were also more effective in achieving stricture resolution within 181 days.
A randomized controlled trial found that CPAP did not significantly improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea. Researchers suggest that OSA may play a bigger role in the development of diabetes than its control, and that adherence to CPAP treatment may be a challenge.
Research suggests CPAP improves insulin sensitivity and decreases inflammatory proteins, lowering HbA1c levels and cardiovascular disease risk. Patients with OSA and type 2 diabetes who used CPAP showed significant improvements in glycemic control, inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors.
Researchers found a 33% reduction in malnutrition incidence when children were given ready-to-use therapeutic food, compared to control groups. Supplementation with micronutrients showed no significant benefit.
A meta-analysis of five RCTs found no significant differences between nalmefene and placebo in mortality, quality of life, or mental health outcomes. However, participants taking nalmefene had fewer heavy drinking days and lower total alcohol consumption compared to those on placebo.
A randomized controlled trial found that isopropyl alcohol nasal inhalation reduced nausea scores by half and improved patient satisfaction compared to saline solution. The remedy has potential to alleviate symptoms of nearly five million emergency patients annually.
A new study confirms that home-delivered meals provide more than just nutrition and food security for seniors. The research found that meal delivery significantly reduced feelings of loneliness among participants, particularly those who received daily deliveries.
A new study led by American University professor Laura M. Juliano found that brief cognitive-behavioral therapy can significantly reduce caffeine consumption in individuals with problematic caffeine use, with an average decrease of 77%, and most participants reduced their daily intake to below 200mg.
Two studies published in The BMJ conclude that increasing calcium intake through supplements or dietary sources has no significant impact on bone health or fracture prevention. Experts argue that mass medication with high doses of calcium and vitamin D is not justified due to the risk of adverse events.
The American College of Physicians task force recommends counseling and pharmaceutical interventions to help adults and pregnant women quit smoking. Behavioral therapy or medications with FDA approval are recommended for nonpregnant adults, while pregnant women receive only behavioral interventions.
Researchers at Brown University are conducting a five-year study on mindfulness and patient treatment adherence, funded by a $4.7 million NIH grant. The study aims to determine whether mindfulness interventions can influence self-regulation related to medical regimen adherence, with the goal of improving health outcomes.
A review of the available data concludes that there is very little evidence to recommend a low FODMAP diet as an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. While some studies suggest potential benefits, such as changes in gut bacteria profiles, more research is needed to establish its efficacy and long-term effects.
A computerized attention-control training program significantly reduced combat veterans' preoccupation with - or avoidance of -- threat and attendant PTSD symptoms. This approach balances moment-to-moment fluctuations in attention bias from threat vigilance to threat avoidance, correlating with the severity of PTSD symptoms.
A clinical trial funded by the NCI will test the effectiveness of SmartQuit, a smoking-cessation smartphone app developed by Dr. Jonathan Bricker, against traditional quit-smoking programs. The trial, which involves over 1,600 adult smokers, aims to determine whether an ACT-based app is effective for smoking cessation.
A randomized trial of nearly 400 children and adults with poorly controlled asthma found that supplementation with soy isoflavone did not improve lung function or clinical outcomes. The study suggests that this supplement should not be used for patients with poorly controlled asthma.
A systematic review of over 320,000 patients found digoxin associated with a 21% increased risk of death from any cause. High levels of digoxin in the blood correlate with an increased death rate in patients. The authors call for randomized controlled trials to confirm these findings.
Research concludes that historical dietary guidelines on fat consumption in the US and UK were not supported by solid trial evidence. The analysis of six relevant trials found no difference in deaths from coronary heart disease between treatment and comparison groups.
The DFG is funding four new clinical trials addressing urgent questions in patient-oriented research, including surgery for metastatic stomach cancer and individualised chemotherapy for certain breast cancers. Over 1,160 patients will participate in the trials, which will test efficacy of new procedures over a three-year period.