Researchers found that secondary effects from sea-level rise can lead to an equal or even higher loss of habitat than primary displacement effects in populated regions. The study projects dramatic impacts on mammal distribution due to human relocation into hinterland areas.
Researchers from NTU discovered a unique composite structure in mantis shrimp clubs, yielding a material tougher than many engineered ceramics. The findings aim to solve problems with damaged hip implants, bone loss, and toxicity caused by metal implants.
Researchers have developed a 'pyroelectric nanogenerator' that converts waste heat into electricity using the ancient pyroelectric effect. The device has the potential to power applications such as wireless sensors, temperature imaging, and medical diagnostics, offering a new source of energy from environmental waste.
Research shows that CPAP therapy significantly improves sexual function and satisfaction in men with sleep apnea, regardless of their initial level of erectile dysfunction. The study found robust improvements in the majority of participants, including those with ED.
Scientists are using hindcasting to develop more accurate models of ecosystem changes, leveraging UC Berkeley's vast museum collections to study past episodes of global change. This will inform policy-making and forecasting tools for the future.
The completed bonobo genome reveals evolutionary relationships with chimpanzees and humans, differing by approximately 1.3% from both species. Analysis suggests a clean split between bonobos and chimpanzees, supporting the hypothesis that the formation of the Congo River separated their ancestors.
The study of Acanthodes bronni, a 290-million-year-old fossil fish, sheds light on the evolution of early jawed vertebrates. The researchers found that the common ancestor of all jawed vertebrates resembled a shark, with features such as cartilaginous jaws and primitive sensory organs.
The airline industry is poised to adopt biobased jet fuel, derived from waste cooking oil and algae, due to rising costs for conventional fuels. Biobased fuels are blended with traditional Jet A-1 fuel and have shown promising results in test flights.
A study found that concentrated milk fats alter the composition of gut bacteria, disrupting the balance between the immune system and beneficial microbes. This can lead to an unregulated immune response, increasing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease in genetically prone individuals.
Three studies link obesity and depression to excessive daytime sleepiness, with weight loss shown to improve symptoms in those who lost weight. The research highlights the importance of addressing these conditions to prevent related health risks and accidents.
Researchers at Lawson Health Research Institute have identified a novel mechanism that allows adenovirus to evade the immune system's interferon response. The study found that the virus blocks the formation of an enzyme necessary for this process, leading to increased gene transcription and cell division.
The Human Microbiome Project's findings reveal a complex network of microbial diversity, with an estimated 10,000 bacterial species in the human microbiome. The study challenges traditional health concepts by showing that there is not just one way to be healthy, but rather a range of 'just fine' communities.
A study presented at SLEEP 2012 found that children exposed to violence experience measurable negative effects on their sleep quality and quantity. The severity of the violence has a significant impact on their sleep patterns, with victims sleeping less and witnesses experiencing inconsistent sleep over time.
Research finds one-off advice sessions are insufficient for long-term management; ongoing support is crucial for improved lifestyle and biomedical outcomes.
MIT engineers have developed a fuel cell that runs on glucose, potentially powering brain implants to help paralyzed patients. The glucose fuel cell strips electrons from glucose molecules to create a small electric current, and its biocompatibility has been proven through platinum catalysts.
A continent-wide assessment of Antarctica's biogeography proposes dividing the landmass into 15 distinct conservation regions to safeguard native species. The 15 identified areas will serve as a basis for biosecurity measures to prevent invasive species transfer.
A new study found that people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who report high levels of fatigue are at increased risk of hospitalization. The researchers assessed 83 patients attending a pulmonary rehabilitation clinic, reporting a strong association between reported fatigue and severity of COPD.
Research reveals that human resource executives should view training as a holistic process, considering factors like job analysis, employee motivation, and structured guidance. Effective training programs also incorporate empirically tested insights into learning, such as repetition, error handling, and behavioral role modeling.
A NJIT researcher developed a management program to reduce MRSA infections by identifying and leveraging 'positive deviants' - employees who excel at their jobs without being recognized. The study found that top-down support, collaboration, and recognition were key to successful change.
Researchers propose using longer focal lengths (100mm) for mobile device photos and shorter lengths (50mm) for larger screens. The study found that people tend to view small pictures from closer distances, resulting in distorted images.
Barbara Block's research on large predators in the California Current has led to groundbreaking discoveries about marine hotspots and migratory highways. Her award-winning project aims to protect these areas by building 'predator cafés' and increasing public awareness through real-time tracking data.
Researchers identified how Pseudomonas syringae uses coronatine to hijack a plant's defense system, keeping stomata open for bacterial invasion. The study provides insight into the full process of bacterial pathogenesis in plants.
A team at NIST has developed a method to calibrate and optimize color-based imaging techniques for medical applications. This enhancement enables surgeons to detect specific cell types with improved accuracy. The NIST effort is part of a larger initiative to evaluate and validate optical medical imaging devices.
New research reveals that simulating weather and water conditions before a race can predict a yacht's behavior with accuracy, giving sailors a competitive advantage. The study uses virtual simulation to model resistance on the hull, comparing results with physical tests.
Researchers at Purdue University have proposed a method to detect 'no-sleep energy bugs' that can completely drain smartphone batteries. The bugs occur when apps continue to run background operations despite the phone being idle, consuming battery life.
Research suggests that high anxiety can make male California mice poor fathers, while stress hormone vasopressin may influence paternal behavior. The study found that anxious males were less likely to approach a pup and had higher levels of vasopressin in their brains.
A team of scientists from the Gladstone Institutes has contributed to a groundbreaking study that mapped the human microbiome, revealing over 10,000 microorganisms that live on and inside humans. The researchers used advanced DNA-sequencing techniques to identify individual microbes and their roles in human health.
Researchers have identified over 10,000 microbial species living in humans and found that between 81-99% of genera were present in healthy adults. The study's findings highlight the role of beneficial microorganisms in maintaining health and provide insights into their functions.
A study has determined that human herpesvirus-6B (HHV-6B) is linked to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in infants and children. HHV-6B can cause limbic encephalitis, a condition that frequently progresses to epilepsy.
A new study published in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery shows that children with hip and thigh fractures can heal just as well in single-leg casts, providing greater comfort and mobility. Parents reported taking fewer days off work to care for their children, with an average of eight fewer missed days.
The KELT telescope has discovered two unusual planets, including a massive, puffed-up planet dubbed KELT-1b that may challenge our understanding of solar system evolution. The other planet, KELT-2Ab, is a Jupiter-like world with a bright star that will allow astronomers to study its atmosphere.
System 94E has a greater chance of development, with a 60% chance of becoming a tropical depression in the next two days. NASA's TRMM satellite observed heavy rainfall and intense convective storms within its area, indicating potential for cyclone formation.
Researchers used whole-genome sequencing to distinguish between related MRSA strains, potentially shortening outbreak duration. The study identified genetic differences between strains that current methods couldn't detect.
A new Duke University study found that a caregiver's health is the strongest predictor of an orphan's health, with one in five children in fair or poor health. Caregiver-child dyad assessments and interventions are key to promoting orphan well-being, according to researchers.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute found a multimedia psychoeducational intervention more effective in changing patients' perceptions and negative attitudes toward clinical trials than standard educational literature.
The Human Microbiome Project Collection provides a comprehensive baseline of the microbial diversity at 18 human body sites, including reference genomes and metagenomic sequences. The studies examine relationships between the microbiome and host health, shedding light on conditions such as Crohn's disease and psoriasis.
Scientists at Joslin Diabetes Center have identified a new cause of cardiac damage after heart attacks in people with type 1 diabetes. A runaway autoimmune response triggered by alpha-myosin leads to chronic inflammation, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. The study offers promising targets for future interventions to protect the heart.
The Brandeis University Heller Center has received a $5 million grant from the Walmart Foundation to support work and learning programs for nearly 3,000 at-risk youth. The program aims to keep teens engaged and working, earning an average of $1200 over six weeks.
A Phase 2 clinical trial is underway to test the effectiveness and safety of INNO-206 in treating advanced pancreatic ductual adenocarcinomas. The drug works like a Trojan Horse by being prepared in albumin, which pancreatic cancer cells prefer, allowing it to deliver cancer-killing agents directly to the tumor.
UMass Amherst researchers Michael Zink and Brenda Philips lead US Ignite project to create virtual online laboratory for real-time network experimentation. The goal is to enhance next-generation Internet with ultra-high-speed networks, improving weather forecasting and aircraft surveillance.
Researchers mapped the normal microbial make-up of healthy humans, shedding light on vital tasks such as immune system support and food digestion. The study reveals a unique personal microbiome for each individual, with over 10,000 species occupying the human ecosystem.
Researchers developed a new method to extract parasite DNA from patient blood samples, allowing for rapid analysis of malaria genomes. The study found unique differences in malaria development between Africa, Asia, and Oceania, with potential hotspots of drug resistance identified.
Researchers discovered a mutation in the p150glued protein linked to hereditary motor neuropathy 7B (HMN7B) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), disrupting cargo transport in neurons. The study found that when this protein is compromised, control of cargo transport is lost, leading to disease.
Researchers from Johns Hopkins Medicine found that drug-resistant tumor cell mutations appear in the blood of patients five to seven months after treatment begins. Nearly all tumors already contain these low levels of mutations before therapy starts, making cancers predestined to recur.
Researchers discovered a novel trapping mechanism in Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plants, where heavy rain acts as a springboard to catch insects. The unique mechanism involves a thin film of water on the wettable rim, causing insects to slip and fall into the digestive fluid.
A new study at University of Illinois Chicago found that the enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) helps cancer cells survive during initial tumor formation and when they spread to other organs. AMPK promotes cell survival by regulating NADPH, a molecule that reduces harmful reactive-oxygen species.
Researchers at the University of Leeds found that wire bridges built to help bats cross busy roads do not work. Bats prefer their original routes over the bridges, crossing at low heights and showing no change in behavior despite prolonged exposure.
Researchers have found that terrestrial planets like Earth could have formed earlier than expected in the universe's history. The study suggests that rocky worlds don't need to orbit metal-rich stars to form and that their sizes are not directly linked to the star's metallicities.
Scientists have found that a long-used anti-cancer drug, cisplatin, can prevent the clumping of an enzyme linked to ALS. This discovery suggests that cisplatin could be a promising lead compound for developing new treatments for the incurable disease.
Researchers analyzed data from the 2000 census, finding that poor other-race neighbors disproportionately contribute to neighborhood poverty, especially among blacks and Hispanics. Concentrated poverty is attributed to three segregations: racial, poverty-status within race, and segregation from high-income members of other groups.
Researchers have successfully formed human-derived stem cell tissue resembling the retina, a breakthrough that could lead to new treatments for visual impairments. This achievement uses optimized cell culture methods and demonstrates the potential of human embryonic stem cells for regenerative medicine.
New research reveals small planets can form around stars with low heavy element content, challenging previous assumptions. This discovery suggests Earth-like planets may be widespread in the universe, contradicting earlier theories on planetary formation requirements.
The GAVI Alliance has pledged an additional $162 million to control and prevent measles outbreaks in six high-risk countries. The funding will strengthen routine immunisation systems and follows a decision last November to provide over $600 million to tackle rubella through a combined measles-rubella vaccine.
Postmenopausal women who have had a hysterectomy may experience stiffer arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hormonal changes and decreased estrogen levels after menopause may contribute to this effect.
Researchers found significant differences between global models and measurement data sets, with uncertainties increasing due to a shrinking global network of measurement stations. This study emphasizes the need for better understanding of evaporation, clouds, and precipitation interactions on regional levels.
A Duke University study found that videogamers are not better at multitasking while driving than non-gamers, contrary to popular belief. The researchers measured the performance of 60 undergraduate students on visual tasks and had them answer Trivial Pursuit questions over a speakerphone while driving.
A study found that most older adults (65+) in England cannot safely use pedestrian crossings, leading to social isolation and reduced access to healthcare services. The research highlights the importance of prioritizing safe crossing times for vulnerable populations.
The proposal to test female athletes' testosterone levels for competition eligibility raises concerns about fairness, discrimination, and the reliability of such tests. Stanford scientists argue that there is insufficient evidence to set a benchmark for normal testosterone levels in elite female athletes.
Researchers sequenced exomes of 118 patients with specific neurodevelopmental diseases, identifying numerous disease-causing genes. In approximately 10% of cases, exome sequencing led to the identification of a known disease-causing gene, prompting changes in diagnosis and care for some patients.
A comprehensive census of the microbial make-up of healthy humans identified over 10,000 species of microbes occupying various body sites. The research found unique communities of microbes in every site, with skin hosting the most diverse collection, while teeth and gums had distinct microbiota profiles.