A recent study found that seasonal sea ice growth and destruction increased biological productivity in the Southern Ocean, extracting carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in the deep ocean. This process helps explain a long-standing question about a 1,900-year pause in CO2 growth during the Antarctic Cold Reversal.
Researchers identified six domains of nonbiological factors that contribute to mortality risk, including health behaviors, psychological characteristics, and socioeconomic conditions. The study highlights the importance of behavioral, psychological, and social factors in mortality risk assessments.
Researchers discovered that gold nanorods can catalyze the degradation of organic micropollutants like bisphenol A and perfluorooctanoic acid. When exposed to sunlight, these nanorods produce free radicals that break down pollutants, making them a promising low-cost water purification method.
A massive volcanic eruption in 43 BCE, linked to the Okmok volcano in Alaska, may have contributed to the unusual climate events that coincided with the fall of the Roman Republic. The eruption produced two years of prolonged cooling and increased precipitation, likely exacerbating crop failures, famine, and disease.
A global initiative is investigating how animals are responding to reduced levels of human activity during the Covid-19 pandemic, revealing insights into human-wildlife interactions. The study aims to improve understanding of space sharing on a crowded planet with benefits for both wildlife and humans.
A novel pretreatment strategy has been developed to resolve the issue of silicon anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. The technology enables simple and safe processing for large-scale production, resulting in high initial battery efficiency and increased energy density.
The #HealthyRecovery initiative calls on G20 Presidents and Prime Ministers to support projects enabling ecological restoration for improved air quality and soil health. Experts warn that global environmental and climate crises compromise human health and long-term survival.
A study reveals that long-tailed tits employ learned vocal cues to distinguish between close kin and non-kin, thereby avoiding incest. This unique strategy helps the birds maintain genetic diversity and is crucial for their reproductive success.
A CHOP study demonstrates that remote continuous EEG monitoring can detect seizures in at-risk neonates, impacting clinical care and guiding treatment decisions. The study showed that seizures occurred in about one-quarter of the records, with CEEG impacting outcomes in three-quarters of cases.
Scientists at City of Hope and TGen found that circulating immune cell dynamics can inform how patients respond to immunotherapy. The study's findings highlight an important predator-prey relationship between immune cells and tumor response.
A study by Dr. Jiangen Zhou et al. found that fish farming significantly changes microbial communities and decreases nitrogen levels, offering a potential solution to reduce nitrate pollution in ponds.
A UBC study analyzed survey data from 13,611 adults in the US to identify social and behavioral factors closely linked to mortality. The top 10 factors included smoking, divorce, alcohol abuse, recent financial difficulties, and history of unemployment.
A study by researchers from Princeton University found that simple digital-media literacy outreach can help people distinguish between mainstream and false news headlines. The intervention improved accuracy by 26.5% in the US and 17.5% in India, with effects lasting several weeks.
A University of Kansas undergraduate majoring in ecology & evolutionary biology, Rachel Smith, has published a description of 18 new species of aquatic water beetles from the genus Chasmogenus. The research involved fieldwork and lab work to identify key differences in DNA evidence and internal anatomy.
Researchers have discovered a way to soften a cell's nucleus, allowing it to move through dense connective tissues and promote injury repair. This breakthrough could lead to new therapeutics for healing dense connective tissues with poor natural repair capacity.
Researchers analyzed UK mortality statistics from December 2019 to March 2020 and found a lower death rate compared to previous years. Early social distancing measures, such as hand washing and staying home when unwell, may have contributed to this reduction in deaths.
Researchers found that watching positive videos about wolves increased participants' tolerance and willingness to act for wolf conservation. The largest changes in tolerance were seen among older age groups, regardless of political affiliation.
Researchers found that smokers with higher math skills remembered more of the scary stats about smoking risks, leading to greater risk perception and intentions to quit. This study highlights the importance of numeracy in helping smokers make informed decisions.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a family of soft materials that imitates living creatures, bending, rotating and even crawling on surfaces when hit with light. The materials move without complex hardware or electricity, and have potential applications in energy, environmental remediation and advanced medicine.
A new study reveals that antibiotics are being recommended far more frequently and on a greater variety of crops than previously thought. The research found that over 100 crops use antibiotics, including some critically important for human medicine, with significant regional variations.
Researchers at the University of South Florida Health have identified a mouse model that mimics human heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) syndrome. The study found that mice deficient in a receptor needed to clear chronic inflammation develop obesity and heart failure, offering new potential targets for therapies.
A new way to engineer optoelectronic devices has been discovered by researchers at George Washington University. Using a method called strainoptronics, the team created a novel photodetector that can operate with high efficiency at telecom wavelengths, advancing future communications and computer systems.
Fugaku achieved a LINPACK score of 415.53 petaflops, surpassing its nearest competitor Summit in the US, and ranked first on HPCG and Graph 500. The supercomputer will address high-priority social and scientific issues through various applications.
Researchers at Goethe University have successfully produced tsetse fly attractants in genetically modified brewer's yeast, which could be used to contain sleeping sickness. The new production method is cost-effective and environmentally friendly, making it suitable for rural communities in Africa.
Researchers at SLAC and Stanford discovered that water exposure can round particles, opening up active sites in palladium-platinum nanoparticles. Larger particles are more active due to their shape change during reactions.
Researchers found that limiting media use can lead to disinterest, while introducing new materials expands children's creativity and improves motivation. Educators are recommended to instruct students on new media application and object proportion management to enhance learning outcomes.
A novel liquid biopsy method has been developed to detect early kidney cancer with high accuracy, including small and localized tumors that are often curable but difficult to detect. The test is nearly 100% accurate in blood samples but shows less accuracy in urine samples, which can be improved through technical optimization.
Researchers used recommender algorithms to suggest antiviral compounds based on latent relationships in chemical and biological data. They successfully pinpointed promising drug candidates with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity.
PATRIOT analysis uses organoids to identify potential therapeutic targets in tumor cells, providing a holistic assessment of patient tumors. This allows for improved therapy recommendations and expanded personalized therapy options for cancer patients.
Researchers found that calves fed solid feed near their milk supply consumed more solid feed, leading to improved weight gain and reduced stress. This study suggests optimal weaning strategies for dairy calves, benefiting their nutritional and health outcomes.
Two genes, ELF3 and GI, control a plant's internal clock, regulating the timing of flowering in response to daylight. The study provides insights into how plants anticipate environmental changes and breed better-adapted varieties.
Researchers show that hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop protective immunity against reinfection, while treatment with convalescent serum limits virus replication. The study demonstrates the potential of hamsters as a model for COVID-19 research and suggests a possible effective treatment using convalescent plasma.
Researchers at the University of Missouri found three common ethical issues in US presidential election press coverage between 2000-2016: failing to exercise independent judgment, underestimating new technologies, and failing to provide a representative picture of the electorate.
Researchers uncover how TANGLED1 controls microtubule movement, enabling accurate cell division in plants. This discovery could lead to improved crop yields and insights into human cellular processes, including cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
A recent study analyzed anonymized Facebook data from over 3m Italians to examine the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on human mobility. The research found that while national mobility declined by an average of 70%, regional variations were significant, with some areas experiencing reduced mobility despite low COVID-19 cases.
A recent study by SWOG Cancer Research Network found that black cancer patients are more likely to be enrolled in taxpayer-funded clinical trials compared to industry-sponsored trials. The study analyzed data from over 93,000 patients across 358 trials and found a significant disparity in representation.
Researchers at Texas A&M University developed an analytical procedure to predict oil and gas flow in newly drilled wells using spreadsheet-based analysis. This method matches the accuracy of complex reservoir simulations but is much quicker and can be used by technicians with little training.
Scientists at Penn State have fabricated a 'photonic topological insulator' that can mediate interaction between photons and form self-sustaining wave patterns called solitons. This innovation could lead to more efficient lasers, medical imaging, and other photonic technologies.
A study from the University of Cincinnati found that HCV-positive livers can be safely transplanted into patients without the infection, and the virus can be eradicated. This breakthrough increases the chances of vital organ transplants for patients in need, addressing the shortage of available organs during the opioid crisis.
Researchers from the University of Helsinki found that genetic parallelism, a phenomenon where similar changes occur in different populations, is approximately 10-fold higher in the Eastern Pacific compared to the rest of the world. This suggests that the conditions for parallel evolution may be exceptional rather than common.
A highly sensitive blood test can accurately diagnose and classify different types of brain tumours without the need for tissue samples. This breakthrough has the potential to transform patient care by providing more accurate diagnosis, less invasive methods and better treatment planning.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids successfully realized chiral topological compound PtGa, exhibiting a high topological charge of 4. This property enables the generation of a large quantized photogalvanic current that can be manipulated by incident light polarization.
A team of scientists from the University of Portsmouth has developed a new forensic fingerprinting technique to lift finger-marks from pangolin scales, enabling wildlife crime officers to identify poachers and bring them to justice. The method uses gelatine lifters and has been successful in producing clear finger-mark detail on 74% of...
A pioneering study found specific genetic changes affect gut bacteria populations, paving the way for understanding disease causes. Researchers identified 13 DNA changes related to changes in gut bacteria presence or quantity.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have identified a key protein controlling T follicular helper cell (Tfh) differentiation. The protein Bcl6 acts as a master regulator in the immune system, blocking or promoting gene expression to control immune responses. This study opens the door to designing vaccines and therapies tha...
A study examines angular momentum constraints on the Moon's formation, revealing that high obliquity scenarios are incompatible with the present-day system. In contrast, low obliquity scenarios could explain how a fast-rotating postimpact Earth slowed to its present rotation rate.
Researchers estimate that the initial COVID-19 infection rate was undercounted due to testing issues and asymptomatic individuals. They found that excess ILI data showed a nearly perfect correlation with the spread of COVID-19, suggesting a much greater undiagnosed population than originally thought.
A new study reveals that ancient fish species Tanyrhinichthys mcallisteri, dating back 300 million years, exhibits features similar to modern sturgeons despite divergent evolutionary paths. The findings indicate multiple instances of convergent evolution, highlighting the adaptability of fish in response to environmental conditions.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania found that critically ill COVID-19 patients are 10 times more likely to develop cardiac arrhythmias than other hospitalized patients. The researchers suggest that systemic illness, rather than the viral infection itself, is a primary trigger for these cardiac problems.
Researchers found that adult-born neurons in rats continue to grow and develop for a longer period than those born during infancy. The study suggests that these mature neurons may have distinct functions, contributing to brain flexibility and plasticity. Adult neurogenesis can occur even after the decline of this process in adulthood.
A new study from UNSW Sydney found that people with aphantasia, a lack of mental visual imagery, experience changes in other cognitive functions. They reported reduced ability to remember past events, have less vivid dreams and struggle with imagination. The research highlights the complexity of aphantasia and its impact on daily life.
A new study found that vitamin D supplements reduced the risk of colitis by 65% in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma. The findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation could be a safe and cost-effective approach to preventing immunotherapy's gastrointestinal toxicity.
Physicists at Heidelberg University have developed a new method to identify effective theories in many-body systems using quantum simulators. The approach allows for the efficient description of complex systems and has been demonstrated experimentally with ultracold rubidium atoms.
Research reveals the proportion of children born into care in England has risen from one in 400 to one in 200 over the past decade. This corresponds to a 48% increase in the number of babies being taken into state care, with regional disparities observed.
A Colorado State University-led study found that afforestation may not be as effective at removing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as previously thought. The research suggests that ratios of soil organic carbon underneath afforested areas vary greatly across different ecosystems and climates.
A new mentoring model called Amplifying Voices created a supportive environment among underrepresented minority women in STEM, with participants agreeing that the virtual format was an effective way to discuss challenges and solutions. The study suggests that combining career-focused mentoring with empathetic psychosocial mentoring is ...
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine discovered a new way to treat cancer by manipulating macrophages, immune cells found in tumor tissues. IRE1α, a molecule regulating the unfolded protein response, was shown to boost PD-L1 levels on macrophages, allowing tumors to evade the immune system.
Physicist Andrea Alù leads a team of researchers in developing a unified theory for exotic wave transport in engineered materials. The goal is to create new devices and breakthrough technology with applications in wireless communications, biomedical sciences, and energy harvesting.
Researchers at São Paulo State University developed a computational tool tracking COVID-19 growth rates across over 200 countries. The 'COVID-19 accelerometer' plots real-time growth curves to assess the effectiveness of public policies aimed at containing the pandemic.
Researchers have synthesized a porphyrin polymer that can capture precious metals from chemically digested electronic waste. The polymer, COP-180, shows high efficiency in capturing gold, with an estimated worth of $64 per $5 of the material.