A joint research team at KAIST developed a technique for facial expression detection using near-infrared light-field cameras and AI technology. The resulting NIR-based light-field camera (NIR-LFC) acquired high-quality 3D reconstruction images of facial expressions regardless of lighting conditions.
Researchers at Texas Tech University use supercomputers to analyze the dynamics of vortices and turbulence, finding that reconnection can lead to the formation of new structures. The study aims to improve fuel efficiency for cars and develop energy-saving aircraft designs.
A study from Brigham and Women's Hospital investigated diagnostic pitfalls in primary care, identifying patterns of errors and creating a taxonomy of generic types. The findings highlight disease-specific and generic cross-cutting pitfalls that clinicians can use to inform educational and quality improvement efforts.
A new study found that Black Americans who were initially hesitant about receiving a COVID-19 vaccine warmed up to the idea as the pandemic wore on and viewed vaccines as necessary for protection. The research highlights the importance of addressing access barriers, not just distrust or skepticism.
Researchers identified over 1,000 genes with substantial activity differences between male and female mouse brains, revealing specific groups of brain cells orchestrating sex-typical behaviors. The study also pinpointed more than 600 differences in gene-activation levels between female mice in different phases of their estrous cycle.
A new device can wrap around pipes and hot surfaces, converting wasted heat into usable electricity more efficiently than previous devices. The flexible thermoelectric generator offers higher power output and efficiency, making it suitable for widespread utilization in waste heat recovery applications.
Researchers identified gaps in care and treatment for women with Parkinson's Disease, highlighting the need for personalized medicine and psychosocial support. The study calls for increased attention to sex and gender differences in PD management.
Postpartum pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) is a complex condition requiring a multidisciplinary care approach. The new clinical practice guideline presents evidence-based recommendations for physical therapy management, including a hybrid diagnostic model and classification system.
Researchers from Germany and UK found that civic engagement has little impact on well-being, despite common assumptions. Non-political engagement in old age showed a small positive effect on life satisfaction, but other benefits were limited.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that a mange outbreak in San Guillermo National Park, Argentina decimated the wild vicuña and guanaco populations, with nearly three-quarters of the animals lost between 2017-18. The authors suggest domestic llamas introduced to the site may have triggered the outbreak.
Astronomers have captured detailed images of sinuous stellar jets emanating from young stars, suggesting that their sidewinding appearances are caused by gravitational attraction from companion stars. The observations were made using the Gemini South telescope's adaptive optics system.
A study published in Aging Cell found that late-life exercise can reverse skeletal muscle epigenetic aging in mice, making them appear 8 weeks younger than sedentary mice of the same age. The researchers used a weighted exercise wheel to stimulate muscle growth and reduce DNA methylation, a biological process linked to aging.
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, researchers found increased health service use and higher death rates among adults with dementia and Parkinson disease. The study examined changes in these populations compared to older adults without neurodegenerative diseases.
A new approach uses reinforcement learning algorithm to help robotic knee mimic intact human knee in walking, achieving 100% success rate on even ground. The technology also adapts to uneven terrain and changes in walking pace, promising a more comfortable experience for prosthetic users.
Researchers at UMass Lowell are developing a production method to freeze-dry COVID-19 vaccines activated by messenger-RNA, eliminating the need for refrigeration. The innovation could ease supply chain issues and deliver lifesaving immunizations to more people worldwide.
Researchers identified a single type of neuron responsible for coordinating leg movement in the spinal cord, which was found to be necessary and sufficient for locomotor behavior. The findings have important implications for developing new treatments for people with spinal cord injuries or motor disorders.
Researchers found that the oral plug, a structure in fin whales, blocks the pharynx and prevents water from entering during lunge feeding. This allows the whale to swallow prey while keeping the respiratory tract protected.
The HNRCA will collect data from a cohort of 2,000 people to develop algorithms predicting individual responses to diet and nutrition. The goal is to create personalized nutrition recommendations based on factors like genetics, metabolism, and environment.
Research reveals that magmas from Mount Etna and Mount Vulture have extremely high Nb/Ta ratios, indicating a deep carbon-rich lithospheric mantle beneath southern Italy. This process contributes significantly to global volcanic CO2 emissions.
Researchers from the Croatian Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensors present five new or modified circuits intended for building a universal computer based on the Random Pulse Computing (RPC) paradigm. The development marks an advancement in the theory of impulse circuits.
Melanoma cells release small packages containing the protein NGFR, which primes nearby lymph nodes to form new vessels and encourage cancer spread. This process, called lymphangiogenesis, may help doctors determine which patients need more aggressive treatment.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association finds that those who received the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine have a lower risk of experiencing 'breakthrough' COVID-19 cases compared to recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine. The study also found that Moderna recipients were less likely to be hospital...
UAB surgeons successfully transplanted a genetically modified pig kidney into a brain-dead human recipient, testing safety and feasibility in a novel human preclinical model. The experiment showed that the xenograft perfused normally and maintained vascular integrity, paving the way for potential treatment of thousands with organ failu...
The Microbiome and Metagenomics Center at UC San Diego will analyze stool samples from 10,000 All of Us Research Program participants to develop algorithms predicting individual responses to food. This will enable personalized nutrition recommendations based on an individual's genetics, gut microbes, and lifestyle factors.
The center will leverage AI, machine learning, and Big Data methods to understand individual dietary needs and avoid biases. This collaboration between CUNY SPH and West Point aims to improve health equity and advance precision nutrition.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that female physicians ask and answer fewer questions than their male counterparts in large classes, using more deferential language. This may lead to gender biases in grading, disproportionately disadvantaging women.
Researchers discovered that lunge-feeding whales have an 'oral plug' in their mouths, which seals off the upper airways during feeding. This mechanism prevents water from entering their lungs and allows them to gulp down large amounts of krill without drowning.
The study reveals that Omicron's spike protein mutations increase its binding affinity to human cells and evade antibodies, contributing to its increased transmissibility. The researchers aim to develop more effective treatments against Omicron and related variants using this knowledge.
Researchers at ETH Zurich analyzed garnet crystals from volcanic deposits to infer magma chamber residence times. They found that phonolitic magma stored in the upper crust for several thousand years before triggering an eruption, and a reservoir of this magma has existed beneath Vesuvius for the last 10'000 years.
Research found that even mild head injuries can lead to a 35% reduction in primary visual cortex neurons and decreased neuronal activity, resulting in persistent visual impairment. The study used adult mice and showed that TBI affects inhibitory neurons more than excitatory ones.
Researchers at INRIM demonstrate a novel method for enhancing long-distance quantum key distribution by leveraging coherent laser interferometry, single-photon technologies, and quantum metrology. This breakthrough enables lower error rates and increased message length, paving the way for more efficient QKD protocols.
Scientists have identified a new tool to control the movement of motor proteins in neurons, which could lead to new treatments for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The study found that the GSK3β enzyme can act as a stop switch for kinesin 1 motors, preventing them from detaching from microtubule tracks.
Researchers have identified several factors that can predict the development of long COVID, including the presence of certain autoantibodies, pre-existing Type 2 diabetes, and low cortisol levels. The study found that administering antivirals early in the disease course may also prevent some long COVID symptoms.
A recent study found that 84% of adults with asthma experience discomfort while wearing a mask, and 75% report trouble breathing or shortness of breath. The study also discovered an association between poorer asthma control and higher symptoms while wearing a mask.
Researchers have designed and built bioreactors at a fraction of the cost of commercial systems to investigate bacterial biofuel production. A subtle change to a single gene can result in remarkable changes to how sugars are converted to biofuel products, revealing new avenues for improving biofuel production.
A UCLA-led meta-analysis of individual patient data from three cohorts found that patients receiving high-dose external beam radiation therapy alone may benefit from longer androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) durations, while those with external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy boost may be optimally managed with shorter ADT. Th...
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed a low-pressure method to convert industrially processed biomass into high-performance plastics and valuable chemicals. The process uses glycerin as a solvent instead of methanol, reducing costs and environmental impact.
A team of Weill Cornell Medicine investigators created a comprehensive atlas, called Tau interactome, that maps all the Tau protein's interactions with other proteins in human neurons. They found that mutations diminish Tau-mitochondrial protein interaction may hamper energy production and lead to cognitive decline.
A new federally funded study will use machine learning to create a first-of-its-kind algorithm predicting individual responses to food and dietary routines. The National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program will recruit 10,000 participants nationwide.
A systematic review of 43,000 participants found cannabis use leads to acute cognitive impairments that persist beyond intoxication. Cannabis intoxication impairs areas including concentration and memory, with potential consequences for daily life, education, and work performance.
Researchers have developed a new nanocatalyst for the dry reforming of methane, overcoming coking resistance with its confined core-shell structure. The catalyst's superior carbon resistance is attributed to the confinement and electron transfer between In and Ni.
A new study found that nearly four times as many words describing rough surfaces contain the trilled /r/ sound compared to smooth ones. This pattern is prevalent across sensory words in 38 Indo-European languages and has likely existed for over six millennia.
Researchers at UAB successfully transplanted genetically modified pig kidneys into a brain-dead human, demonstrating the feasibility of xenotransplantation. The kidneys functioned for 77 hours without immediate rejection, paving the way for potential treatment of thousands suffering from kidney failure.
A team of researchers from Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin has identified a neural network that generates tics, which could lead to improved treatment of people with Tourette syndrome. The study found that targeting this network via deep brain stimulation can alleviate symptoms in patients.
A study found that lung cancer screening among non-smoking women in Taiwan has led to a 6-fold increase in early-stage diagnoses, while late-stage cancer and death rates remain stable. The researchers estimate that between 7,000 and 12,000 Taiwanese women have been overdiagnosed with lung cancer.
Researchers used electronic health record data from over 700 hospitals to train and evaluate three machine learning algorithms, finding that XGBoost provided the highest accuracy in predicting CDI among hospitalized patients. The study suggests that MLAs can help reduce the clinical and economic impact of healthcare-associated infections.
Researchers developed an autonomous assembly method for a 3-arm robot to fix a multi-pin and hole load plate on a space station. This solution tackles the challenges of complex environmental lighting and matching multiple groups of holes and pins in the task. The study reduces astronaut safety risks by leveraging robots instead of humans.
Scientists have compared electron distribution in two semiconductors to develop stable topological quantum bits for quantum computing. Indium antimonide shows a low electron density below its oxide layer, which is advantageous for forming Majorana fermions and creating compact, efficient quantum computers.
Acute COVID-19 infection can lead to various neurological symptoms, including confusion, stroke, and depression, which persist months after infection. The authors propose possible mechanisms, such as vascular and immune dysfunction, that may give rise to these symptoms and trigger future neurodegenerative diseases.
A study published in Science Advances found that cannabidiol (CBD) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells and mice, suggesting its potential as a preventative or early treatment for COVID-19. CBD's effects were confined to high purity doses and specific situations.
Researchers discovered that Rubisco's activity drops more rapidly in cowpea leaves when they go into the shade, resulting in missed opportunities to convert sunlight into sugars. This imperfection could be shared with other crops and may lead to targeted breeding for improved productivity.
A study by Professor Kazumichi Matsumiya from Tohoku University's Graduate School of Information Sciences has discovered separate body maps for different motor systems. This finding can contribute to the development of new diagnostic techniques and rehabilitation strategies for patients with motor dysfunctions.
A new ultra-fast cell sorter uses fluorescence imaging to enable genome-scale studies of complex phenotypes, expanding the accessible phenotypic space for cell sorting applications. This technique can rapidly isolate and quantify cells with diverse phenotypes, including those with differently localized proteins or in different mitotic ...
A study found that car owners place a higher value on green spaces in shared courtyards, with a twofold increase in attention to trees making the area 30% more attractive. This internal conflict highlights the need for architects and developers to prioritize green spaces in construction planning.
A new study warns that 'fidelity' in educational trials may be compromising the effectiveness of promising innovations, leading to unnecessary scrapping. The researchers ran a large-scale simulation of over 11,000 trials to examine the impact of fidelity on results.
A new study of Chinese older adults found that higher levels of social isolation are associated with having fewer teeth and losing teeth more quickly over time. Despite this, loneliness was not linked to the number of remaining teeth or tooth loss rate.
Researchers found that young children and infants infer closeness in relationships through activities like saliva sharing. Saliva sharing is a cue for relationship thickness across cultures, suggesting an early understanding of social structures.
The study finds that pentatellurides exhibit nonlinear transport behavior when subjected to magnetic fields, leading to the emergence of many-body effects in Dirac electrons. This phenomenon is characterized by a 3D density wave state that can be suppressed or activated by electric field thresholds.
A clinical trial found that peanut oral immunotherapy desensitized most highly allergic children and induced remission in one-fifth. Younger children and those with lower levels of peanut-specific antibodies were more likely to achieve remission, with 71% of 1-year-olds experiencing remission.
The new BD CellView Image Technology enables high-speed sorting of individual cells based on detailed microscopic analysis, accelerating discovery research in immunology, cell biology, and genomics. This technology has the potential to unlock new cell-based therapeutic discoveries and transform various fields of biomedical research.