An international team of physicists creates a material with ultra-low density by controlling the three-dimensional shape of rigid microscopic filaments. The study shows that shape can be used to create materials with novel properties, such as glass-like behavior even in high water content suspensions.
A multidisciplinary team discovers three new active hydrothermal vent fields over a 434-mile stretch of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, revealing rich biological communities and vast marine life. The discovery highlights the need for more research to understand the effects of deep-sea mining on these unique ecosystems.
A recent study by University of Exeter researchers found that the Bank of England's media coverage plays a significant role in reinforcing accountability. The study analyzed 13,986 articles from major news outlets and discovered that media coverage levels are strongly linked to parliamentary hearings and speeches by central bankers. Th...
A team of scientists created a mathematical model that accurately describes microstructures by integrating data from highly magnified images taken during experiments. The findings provide insight into how microstructures change at high temperatures and have implications for the development of new materials.
A new study from NASA's Chandra program reveals that exploded stars can pose a significant risk to nearby planets due to intense X-ray radiation, potentially altering atmospheric chemistry and causing mass extinctions.
A new study published in Public Health found no evidence that shielding reduced COVID-19 infections in Wales. The researchers compared the 117,000 people who were shielding with the rest of the population and found no clear impact on infection rates.
The study reveals that no single practice is sufficient for great innovation performance. Best companies focus on radical innovation, are risk-takers, and employ long-term strategies. They also develop new products significantly faster than the Rest.
A team of FSU chemists has developed a new test for detecting biological markers related to several types of cancer. The sensing platform uses gold nanoparticles and peptides labeled with a dye, emitting light when the enzyme MMP-14 is present, allowing researchers to generate data on cancer marker levels
A new study has identified a metabolic enzyme called FBP1 that acts as a safety valve to prevent insulin shock. Researchers found that FBP1 inhibits protein kinase AKT, which is the primary conduit of insulin activity, and developed a peptide derived from FBP1 that can reverse insulin resistance and restore normal glycemic control.
Researchers created a promising injectable cell therapy that reduces inflammation and regenerates articular cartilage in osteoarthritis patients. The treatment was tested in a pre-clinical model and showed ability to reverse cartilage damage and diminish inflammation.
A study of 5,000 patients with breast cancer found that women from disadvantaged neighborhoods had shorter breast cancer-specific survival rates compared to those from advantaged areas. The findings suggest potential unaccounted mechanisms, including social determinants of health and access to care.
A new study reveals that first-generation college graduates often originate from more affluent families with greater resources. This challenges the notion of a meritocracy, where success is solely based on individual effort. The research highlights the significant advantage these students have due to their family's socioeconomic status.
A new study published in Frontiers in Sports and Active Living found that greater breast support during running is associated with increased knee joint stiffness, altering the lower body biomechanics of female runners. High support sports bras can improve running performance by up to 7% for women.
Researchers at University of Sydney demonstrated nanowire networks can exhibit short- and long-term memory, mirroring human brain function. The network outperformed in tasks requiring recognition and recall, showcasing its potential to enhance robotics and sensor devices.
China's geological and hydrogeological work is facing significant challenges, including environmental degradation and resource depletion. To overcome these challenges, it is essential to promote innovation and transformation in geological work, broaden its application, and improve the level of geological services to society.
A study from MedUni Vienna found that macrophages in the duodenum control iron absorption by degrading transferrin. This discovery may lead to new treatment options for inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal infections.
A review aims to consolidate existing knowledge on athletes' help-seeking for mental health, highlighting the need to understand their attitudes and experiences with services. Athletes face challenges in accessing support, with lower rates of help-seeking compared to the general population.
Researchers found elephant seals use short sleep cycles at depths below predators to enter full REM sleep with lower risk. These 'sleeping dives' are crucial for the species' survival in open ocean environments.
Researchers from Penn State and Ohio State University used structural biology, biophysics, and cell biology to understand how pioneer factors interact with nucleosomes. They found that a specific region of the protein helps it access DNA, making it accessible for proteins involved in gene expression.
Researchers found a novel biomarker, Sphingosine 1-Phosphate, linked to neuroinflammation in MS. A synergistic treatment combining Bezafibrate and Fingolimod reversed pathologies in animal models, offering potential improved therapy for patients.
The collaboration between CiTOS Lab at ULiège and Mithra Pharmaceuticals enables the development of an efficient biosourced estetrol production process. The thermolysis reaction yields a key intermediate with unprecedented productivity, allowing for several million doses to be achieved with minimal global footprint.
ASU researchers have developed a method to regenerate biocrusts on arid lands by harnessing the power of solar farms. The approach, dubbed 'crustivoltaics,' has shown promising results in doubling biocrust biomass and tripling biocrust cover under photovoltaic panels.
bioRxiv has partnered with PaperPlayer to offer audio versions of preprint abstracts in the Neuroscience category, enhancing accessibility and providing an alternative way to consume research. The new feature is being piloted to assess its value and collect user feedback.
The researchers used the Near-Infrared Sky Brightness Monitor (NISBM) to collect data on sky brightness in Antarctica. The results show that the background intensity of the sky is not influenced by the Sun at a specific inflection point, and the NISBM detected significantly lower brightness in the Ks band compared to other locations.
The seven worst years for polar ice sheet melting and losing ice have occurred during the past decade, with 2019 being the worst year on record. Global heating is driving up sea levels and coastal flooding around the world, with melting ice sheets accounting for a quarter of all sea level rise.
Human activities have caused global mean temperature to rise by 1.1°C, leading to climate and biodiversity crises. The study proposes a combination of emissions reduction, restoration, and protection measures to address both catastrophes.
Researchers genetically engineered neural progenitor cells to release a neuroprotective protein, preventing neuron death in animal models of ALS and retinal disease. Engineered NPCs successfully preserved vision in rats with retinal disease.
A workshop at the Santa Fe Institute explores the complex interplay of contagions, including infectious diseases, social phenomena, and online behavior. Researchers aim to develop new tools to study interactions between different types of contagion.
A research team created the first human respiratory organoid culture system, enabling scientists to study COVID-19 and its variants. The study found that the BA.5 Omicron variant exhibits dramatically increased infectivity and replicative capacity in human nasal and airway organoids.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have identified a new target for breast cancer treatment, the gene TONSL, which can make breast cells proliferate indefinitely. The study found that TONSL is amplified in about 20% of breast cancers and more than 30% of metastatic breast cancers.
A new study published in The Lancet shows that metabolic surgery is more effective than medications and lifestyle interventions in treating advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The trial compared three active treatments and found that surgery reversed inflammation and improved liver fibrosis, leading to better overall health ben...
A Brazilian-Chinese research team has demonstrated the coexistence of non-locality and contextuality in a quantum system. The study paves the way for new quantum information processing and communication protocols by reconciling two fundamental principles of quantum theory that were thought to be mutually exclusive.
A study of 55,000 Canadian patients with COVID-19 found that vaccination significantly reduced severe outcomes and burden on healthcare systems. The research also highlights the importance of vaccination in reducing mortality rates associated with COVID-19.
Scientists at Tokyo University of Science created a fracture-resistant alloy through heat-treatment, exhibiting improved elastocaloric properties and resistance to cyclical loads. The Cu-Zn-Al alloy showed significant increases in grain size, leading to enhanced cooling capabilities and paving the way for innovative refrigeration systems.
A new study reveals that climate zones in Kenya are shifting towards hotter and drier conditions, leading to declines in ecological diversity and threatening terrestrial ecosystems. The research highlights the urgent need for adaptation strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on food security and ecosystem management.
A new MYC inhibitor, Omomyc, has shown promising preclinical results in reducing melanoma tumor growth and metastatic capacity by halting the transcription of genes implicated in cell growth and proliferation. The study demonstrates a good prognostic gene signature in melanoma patients with this approach.
Researchers uncover the critical link between cellular energy levels and mitochondrial damage through protein FNIP1. The study reveals that FNIP1 enables communication between AMPK and TFEB, instructing genes to remove damaged mitochondria and create new ones.
Astronomers have developed a more accurate method to measure the composition of galaxies using data from telescopes on Earth and in space. By correcting for temperature fluctuations, researchers found that the result from collisionally excited infrared lines is still 50% less than that from recombination line method.
Researchers create patch that uses ultrasound to deliver drugs directly to the site of need, reducing systemic toxicity and improving local drug delivery. The device shows promise for treating a range of skin conditions and could also be adapted for hormone delivery and cancer treatment.
Researchers have identified a possible way to help break the cycle between sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's disease. A small study found that people who took a sleeping aid experienced a drop in key Alzheimer's proteins.
Conclusive evidence of chicken breeding in the Yayoi period of Japan has been discovered at the Karako-Kagi site. The study found that chickens were bred in the area during the middle Yayoi period, around 381-204 BCE, providing clear evidence that breeding occurred on the Japanese archipelago.
Signs of common infections in middle-aged and older adults were associated with poorer performance on a test of global cognitive function. Elevated antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 or cytomegalovirus were individually linked to worse performance, with more positive tests related to multiple infections showing stronger effects.
A new neural network, CD-GAN, uses common sense knowledge to enhance text descriptions and generate images of birds at three resolution levels. The system achieved competitive scores against other image generation methods, producing vivid and natural-looking images.
Research by Professor Mila Vulchanova reveals associations between language development and cognitive skills in children. Non-verbal tests show that severity of language difficulties can be predicted based on cognitive markers, supporting the importance of measuring both verbal and non-verbal skills.
Jefferson Lab achieves gold-level GreenBuy Award for fiscal year 2022, attaining superior recognition for its sixth consecutive year. The lab prioritizes environmental sustainability through initiatives such as electric vehicle charging stations and reusable water fountains.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have made a groundbreaking discovery about how neurons consume and metabolize glucose, a process crucial for maintaining normal energy levels. The study found that neurons rely on glycolysis to break down glucose, and its disruption can lead to severe learning and memory problems in mice.
A research team developed an AI approach to automate crop head counting, using synthetic annotated datasets to train deep learning models. The technique demonstrates improved accuracy and can be applied to other applications with dense repeating patterns.
Researchers identify critical drought thresholds that impact vegetation growth and nonlinear responses to soil moisture stress. The study reveals two distinct phases of vegetation response, with a well-defined threshold beyond which vegetation becomes vulnerable to drought intensification.
Horodyskia, a fossil with uniform size and spacing, is among the oldest multicellular macroorganisms. Its fossils suggest coenocytism and simple clonal coloniality, challenging previous interpretations.
A recent study identified over 182,000 small seismic events in South Korea, with 135,000 related to mining explosions. The researchers used machine learning techniques to analyze data from 421 seismic stations and found distinct patterns that allowed them to distinguish between microseismic events and earthquakes.
A team of researchers has created a new map of candidate extracellular RNA binding proteins and their associated RNAs in various bodily fluids. This resource was developed using computational analyses and validated experimentally, providing a foundation for understanding exRNA biology and its potential use in liquid biopsies.
A Brazilian study found that pediatric ICU workers experienced high levels of burnout, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite high job satisfaction, organizational support can help mitigate psychological distress.
A new review paper highlights the potential of fungal biotechnology to advance various industries. By manipulating fungal genomes, researchers can develop bioinformatic tools and create sustainable biomaterials, such as machine learning algorithms for predicting mycological patterns or fungal batteries.
Researchers from University of Warsaw and Utrecht University observed the Brazil nut effect in a mixture of charged colloidal particles without external energy. The phenomenon involves heavier particles rising to the top due to repulsion forces, with potential applications in geology, soft matter physics, and industry.
The Florida Atlantic University (FAU) WAVES program aims to address the shortage of mental health service providers in high-need schools. With a five-year, $6 million grant from the US Department of Education, FAU will train 119 school counselors to reduce barriers to degree completion and improve student outcomes.
Researchers have found a new target and drug combination that appears to stop the destruction of vision in premature newborns. By blocking ACAT1, an enzyme that converts cholesterol into smaller pieces, scientists can prevent the formation of leaky blood vessels and inflammation in the retina.
Researchers developed a gene signature called CisSig to predict cancer patients' response to cisplatin. The approach aims to overcome the obstacle of interpreting gene signatures in the human body and has been validated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.
A study published in Communications Biology suggests that gut bacteria's digestion of fucose sugar may be behind weaker immune responses to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Individuals with lower T-cell responses had higher expression of genes FOS and ATF3, which are part of a larger group controlling T-cell survival and activity.
Researchers discovered how yeast cells transform their cytoplasmic biophysical properties to return to vegetative growth. The study sheds light on the mechanisms behind spore dormancy and its exit.
A new study at Stanford University found a previously unknown cellular pathway for clearing misfolded proteins from the nucleus. This pathway could be a target for therapies of age-related diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. Cells use this pathway to manage misfolded proteins in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.