The American Association of Science recommends that US universities develop a risk management framework for collaborations with China. This approach outlines clear lines that will not be crossed in collaborations, including avoiding training or research with China's military or defense universities.
A team of scientists from Waseda University and Tokyo Institute of Technology have successfully demonstrated large-angle photothermally resonated high-speed bending induced by pulsed UV irradiation. They used 2,4-dinitroanisole β-phase crystals to achieve a fast natural vibration at 390 Hz with a large photothermal bending angle.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have discovered that efficient learning on artificial shallow architectures can achieve the same classification success rates as deep learning architectures, but with less computational complexity. This breakthrough has significant implications for the development of unique hardware and advanced GPU t...
The USTC team has successfully developed a light-driven, programmable system for colloidal self-assembly. Through the cooperative reorganization of nanomotors, they can transport and reconfigure colloidal assemblies in various ways. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for designing micromachines and smart materials.
A study by University of Oregon researchers found that worms become even more attracted to high-quality food when exposed to anandamide, a molecule in marijuana. This phenomenon is similar to human 'hedonic feeding' behavior, where people crave certain foods after consuming cannabis.
Researchers found that participants with lower written health literacy experienced longer delays in initiating postoperative radiation therapy. The study controlled for demographic and clinical factors, highlighting the importance of health literacy in cancer care.
Two contagious cancers, devil facial tumour 1 (DFT1) and 2 (DFT2), affecting Tasmanian devils have been tracked to understand their origins and evolution. Researchers found DFT2 is a faster-growing cancer with rapid mutations, posing a significant threat to the species.
A research team led by Dr Gary Ying Wai Chan reveals the function of enzyme ANKLE1 in cutting chromatin bridges, preventing DNA damages and autoimmunity. This discovery has significant implications for understanding immune responses and developing new strategies to prevent diseases such as cancer and autoinflammatory disorders.
Researchers developed a system to grade and predict surgical complications by analyzing 51,030 cases. The system uses Bayesian network modeling to identify key risk factors and clusters, enabling precise prediction of surgical outcomes.
Research shows that Mexico City hospitals follow well-established earthquake early warning (EEW) protocols, which have significantly reduced the risk of injuries to staff and patients. The protocols include protective actions such as evacuation procedures, drop-cover-hold, and turning off equipment, with reinforced drills helping to pr...
The research team offers five recommendations for enhancing practical solar evaporation performance: introducing new energy sources, exploring novel photothermal materials, and designing innovative evaporators. They also emphasize the importance of large-scale ISE systems for practical applications like seawater desalination.
Researchers reconstructing neurons from ctenophore nerve net discover a continuous neural network, challenging the neuron doctrine. The finding has potential to provide key information on the evolutionary origin of nervous systems.
A new study reveals that different species of bacteria colonize specific areas on diatoms, reflecting their metabolic properties. The findings provide insight into the complex interactions between algae and bacteria in marine environments.
Researchers at the Netherlands Cancer Institute discovered a molecular key that locks cohesin rings, determining DNA shape and chromosome structure. This finding has broader implications for cell behavior, suggesting a universal mechanism for controlling DNA.
Researchers analyzed six sealed copper alloy animal coffins using neutron tomography, identifying bones, textiles, and lead fragments that shed light on ancient Egyptian mummification techniques and ritual purposes.
A recent study led by Dr Rachael Rigby from Lancaster University found that delays in stoma reversal surgery do not impact on risk of complications or commensal microflora loss, atrophy, or scarring. However, a higher degree of microflora loss is associated with an increased risk of complications.
Researchers found that honeybees use forests less than expected, with colonies traveling long distances to find food due to limited tree species diversity. A more diverse forest with insect-pollinated trees and shrubs can provide a balanced food supply throughout the season.
Biologists found that underfed jumping spiders lose photoreceptors, key to their vision. The study suggests nutrition affects retinal and neuronal health, potentially leading to breakthroughs in treating macular degeneration.
Researchers from USTC developed a new method for ultrahigh-density 3D holographic projection, overcoming key limitations in depth control and crosstalk. The technique uses light scattering to improve depth resolution and reduce crosstalk between planes.
Researchers from City University of Hong Kong and NREL developed a one-step solution-coating approach to simplify PSC manufacturing, resulting in high efficiency and stability. The new method reduces process complexity and cost, bringing PSCs closer to commercialization.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center identified a genetic variant associated with increased risk of developing perianal Crohn's disease, a debilitating manifestation of Crohn's disease. The study highlights the importance of targeting the alternative complement pathway and Complement Factor B (CFB) in treating this condition.
Researchers at Mount Sinai have discovered a new therapeutic approach to treating non-small-cell lung cancer by inhibiting immune system molecule TREM2 and enhancing natural killer cells. The strategy, which involves blocking TREM2 activity using an antibody, has been shown to significantly reduce lung tumor growth in mice.
Researchers developed tendon-mimetic hydrogels with outstanding mechanical properties, including excellent Young's modulus and strength, by mixing aramid nanofibers with polyvinyl alcohol. These hydrogels show promising capabilities for tissue repair and implantable medical devices.
A high-coverage genome analysis of two transmissible cancer lineages in Tasmanian devils reveals that DFT2 has a significantly higher mutation rate than DFT1. The study provides new insights into the evolutionary history and epidemiological implications of these contagious cancers.
Researchers successfully applied reinforcement learning to protein design, creating proteins with improved antibody generation and accurate nano-structures. The approach may lead to more potent vaccines and novel applications in regenerative medicine.
Researchers found that smokers' lungs have a different inflammatory environment, leading to a specific subset of T cells that evade the body's immune response. This knowledge could lead to new treatments tailored to patients based on their smoking history.
The researchers developed a method to create ultracompact photonic crystal cavities that can generate entangled photons. The discovery is crucial for the development of quantum computing and sensing applications. By controlling the cavity's properties, they can efficiently convert pump power into coherent light.
The study reveals that the African penguin's geographical range has shrunk significantly over the past 22,000 years due to rising sea levels, leaving only a few small islands as suitable nesting habitats. This decline has been exacerbated by human pressures such as climate change, habitat destruction, and competition for food.
The reintroduction of cheetahs to Kuno National Park in India faces challenges due to the park's small size and high prey density. Scientists warn that the released animals may move far beyond the park's boundaries, causing conflicts with villagers.
Brown University researchers have developed a new microscopy technique using blue light to measure electrons in nanoscale materials. This breakthrough overcomes a longstanding problem, allowing for more efficient semiconductors and electronics.
A Penn State-led team will study the impact of macrobiota, such as clams and seagrasses, on carbon cycling in estuaries, which regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide. The research aims to quantify macrobiota's contribution to carbon and alkalinity dynamics and improve predictive models.
A study by Florida Atlantic University researchers found a significant 'antibiotic culture' in US hospital ICUs, with up to 70% of patients receiving unnecessary antibiotics. The preference for antibiotics is driven by urgency, hierarchy, and uncertainty, leading to increased use despite antimicrobial stewardship guidelines.
Researchers have identified a subset of neurons in the mammillary body that are most susceptible to neurodegeneration and hyperactivity in Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that this region may contribute to early symptoms of the disease, making it a potential target for new drugs.
Researchers developed a dual-modality imaging technique combining photoacoustic and super-resolution ultrasound imaging to detect physiological and biochemical abnormalities. The new method provides comprehensive diagnostic information at a lower cost than traditional techniques.
A new study found that quality of heart failure care is equitable for 11 of 14 evidence-based clinical care measures, with no disparities in care between Black and white patients. However, the study highlights areas for improvement, including gaps in care quality and social determinants of health.
Using mice, researchers successfully converted scar tissue back into functioning cardiac muscle using RNAs and exosomes, offering new hope for reversing heart attack damage. The study also sheds light on the aging process's impact on cellular reprogramming.
The PRISM-LT project aims to create an adaptable platform for 3D bioprinting of living tissue with dynamic functionalities and predictable shapes, using a novel tunable bioink that fosters a symbiotic relationship between stem cells and microorganisms.
A study of 20,311 US adults aged 51–100 years found that higher educational attainment protected against cognitive decline differently for Black and Latinx adults compared to White adults. Higher-educated White adults received the greatest protection, while Latinx adults experienced a later onset of cognitive decline.
Researchers have identified a new degradation mechanism in organic solar cells involving twisting of polymer chains, which reduces efficiency. This discovery paves the way for more stable solar cells that can generate electricity from sunlight at scale.
A global study published in Cochrane Reviews found that consuming cranberry products reduces the risk of repeat symptomatic UTIs in women by more than a quarter. The review also showed benefits for children and people susceptible to UTIs following medical interventions, with minimal side effects reported.
Researchers developed a machine learning model that predicts strokes more accurately than current systems, using data available at hospital arrival. The model achieved high precision and sensitivity, outperforming existing scales.
Dae Kim, MD, MPH, ScD, will receive the 2023 Thomas and Catherine Yoshikawa Outstanding Scientific Achievement in Clinical Investigation Award for his work on frailty research. His contributions have significantly impacted clinical care, particularly in primary care groups using the claims-based frailty index to risk stratify patients.
Researchers have discovered a link between iron redox and Alzheimer's disease, which could lead to the development of new drugs to treat the condition. The new imaging technique allows for the simultaneous detection of two forms of iron in cells and tissue, providing insights into its role in destroying brain cells.
Researchers developed a new framework for modeling task-switching, mimicking human behavior. The framework revealed two regions of the model's 'brain' doing each task, explaining the switch cost and potential benefits of splitting tasks.
A new report by the USGS and FEMA estimates that earthquakes cost the nation an average of $14.7 billion annually in building damage and associated losses. The report's updated estimate is twice the previous annual figure due to increased building value and improved hazards analysis.
A study presented at the ARRS Annual Meeting reveals institutional variability in projection order and image acquisition timing for CEM protocol. Earlier-obtained recombined imaging is significantly preferred for cancer lesion characterization, with a trend towards prioritizing imaging the side of pathology.
Researchers identified a protozoan parasite as the cause of mass sea urchin die-offs in the Caribbean, which has devastating effects on coral reefs and fish populations. Healthy coral means healthy fish, and their positive impacts continue up the food chain.
A new study found that people of diverse cultures, including those from England, Italy, Poland, and Russia, tend to help others in everyday life. The researchers analyzed video recordings of social interactions in 350 individuals from eight languages and cultures and found that the human tendency to help others is a universal principle.
The Grambank database provides an unprecedented level of detail on language structure, showcasing the diversity of human languages. Researchers found that languages exhibit greater similarity to their common ancestors than those they are in contact with, highlighting the importance of genealogical constraints on linguistic diversity.
A study involving over 4,700 people from diverse ethnoreligious populations found that participants showed increased generosity when prompted to think about God. The researchers discovered that belief in God may promote positive intergroup relations and cooperation across religious divides.
A study of 415,000 US female breast cancer deaths from 2011 to 2020 found that Black women should start screening earlier than previously recommended. Health policy makers and clinicians may consider an alternative approach with race- and ethnicity-adapted age recommendations for breast cancer screening.
Researchers analyzed Google Trends data to understand interest in human rights globally, finding steady demand across the globe. Key findings suggest that people in countries like Uganda and Guatemala frequently search for information on human rights, with relative rates surpassing those of other important concepts like malaria.
Two natural coumarin compounds, 5-MOS and 6-MOS, have been identified in the orange climber plant, exhibiting aggregation-induced emission properties. These compounds can clearly identify mitochondria in live cells without additional processing, making cell imaging easier and faster.
A new study published in The Lancet finds that minimum unit pricing for alcohol is associated with a 13% decrease in deaths from alcohol consumption in Scotland. The policy has also led to significant reductions in alcohol-specific hospitalisations and long-term conditions, such as alcoholic liver disease and alcohol dependence syndrome.
A recent study found that learning multiple new tasks improves cognition in older adults, with scores increasing by two to three times. The study, which had six and 27 participants aged 66 and 69, showed that cognitive abilities continued to grow over time, reaching levels similar to those of undergraduates.
Researchers have developed a new composite fabric that combines conventional aramid with carbon nanotubes and polyacrylate to create puncture-resistant materials. The new material outperforms existing fabrics in simulated stabbing tests and could be useful in military and civilian applications.
Researchers investigated Hardy nonlocality using quantum computers, discovering increased success probability as the number of particles grows. This challenges classical theories and has implications for quantum mechanics and communications.
A UC Riverside study found that breastfed infants exposed to alcohol through their mother's milk experience reduced body and brain weights, as well as decreased cortical lengths. The research suggests sex-specific differences in the effects of lactational ethanol exposure on infant development.
A nationwide survey in the Central African Republic found a severe health emergency with a 5.6% mortality rate, four times higher than UN estimates, and widespread malnutrition, food insecurity, and violence, with 82.3% of households reporting adults ate ≤1 meals per day
A recent study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that individuals with a family history of depression exhibit reduced cognitive abilities. The research highlights the potential impact of genetic and environmental factors on brain development and aging, as well as modifiable lifestyle factors.