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Science News Archive January 2023 - Page 34


Page 34 of 35

NIH study links specific outdoor air pollutants to asthma attacks in urban children

A recent NIH study found associations between exposure to ozone and fine particulate matter and molecular changes in children's airways during non-viral asthma attacks. The study suggests that reducing air pollution could improve human health, particularly in urban communities with high-risk asthma populations.

SourceNIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases·JournalThe Lancet Planetary Health·DateJan 4, 2023

Cheap, sustainable hydrogen through solar power

A new solar panel technology has achieved 9% efficiency in converting water into hydrogen and oxygen, mimicking natural photosynthesis. The technology uses a self-healing semiconductor that withstands high temperatures and concentrated light, reducing the cost of sustainable hydrogen.

SourceUniversity of Michigan·JournalNature·DateJan 4, 2023

Scientists develop a cancer vaccine to simultaneously kill and prevent brain cancer

Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed a dual-action cell therapy approach to eliminate established tumors and induce long-term immunity. The vaccine, engineered using CRISPR-Cas9, is designed to kill tumor cells and stimulate the immune system to destroy primary tumors and prevent cancer recurrence.

SourceBrigham and Women's Hospital·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateJan 4, 2023

Climate warming reduces organic carbon burial beneath oceans

A new study reveals that climate warming can reduce the burial of organic carbon beneath the ocean, leading to increased atmospheric carbon release. Researchers analyzed over 50 years of seafloor sediment cores, finding a significant decrease in organic carbon burial during certain periods, particularly during the mid-Miocene era.

SourceRice University·JournalNature·TypeMeta-analysis·DateJan 4, 2023
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Researchers study immune response, proteins in blood of young adults who develop rare complication after COVID vaccination

A study by Mass General Brigham found elevated levels of spike protein, increased cytokines, and troponin in the blood of 16 adolescents and young adults who developed myocarditis after COVID mRNA vaccination. The researchers also discovered no differences in antibody production or auto-antibodies between cases and controls.

SourceMass General Brigham·JournalCirculation·TypeObservational study·DateJan 4, 2023

A three-dose malaria vaccine shows safety, efficacy in West African adults

A new three-dose malaria vaccine demonstrated safety and efficacy in adults living with endemic malaria in Burkina Faso, providing up to 48% protection. Researchers reduced the number of required injections from five shots to three while improving vaccine efficacy.

SourceUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine·JournalScience Translational Medicine·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJan 4, 2023

Researchers detect fluoride in water with new simple color change test

A cross-disciplinary team at Northwestern University has developed a sensor platform that can detect environmental contaminants like fluoride in real-world samples. The team used an established riboswitch to build a biosensor for fluoride, encapsulating the sensor inside a fatty membrane to protect it from contaminants.

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalScience Advances·DateJan 4, 2023

Can diet combined with drugs reduce seizures?

A modified Atkins diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates has been shown to reduce seizures by more than half when combined with standard drug therapy. The study involved 160 adults and adolescents with drug-resistant epilepsy, finding significant improvements in quality of life and behavior.

SourceAmerican Academy of Neurology·JournalNeurology·DateJan 4, 2023

Easy fabrication of next-generation, super-flexible electronic circuits

Researchers from Nara Institute of Science and Technology have developed a straightforward means of fabricating high-quality soft semiconductors for advanced electrical circuits. The new method offers superior control over the resulting semiconductor film morphology, critical to its electrical properties.

SourceNara Institute of Science and Technology·JournalAdvanced Electronic Materials·DateJan 4, 2023
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Effects of highly pathogenic avian influenza on canids investigated

A study found that Ezo red foxes and Japanese raccoon dogs infected with HPAI virus had different outcomes due to varying diets. The fox died, while the raccoon dog survived but suffered damage to its eyes. The findings suggest that monitoring programs should be expanded to understand HPAI ecology and identify risk factors.

SourceHokkaido University·JournalVirology·TypeCase study·DateJan 4, 2023

New method helps understand the global organic carbon cycle

Researchers developed a new approach to determine the rate of organic carbon burial in marine sediments, using data from deep-sea drilling sites. This method provides more accurate results than traditional isotope calculations, revealing higher rates of carbon sequestration during warm periods and lower rates during cooling intervals.

SourceMARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen·JournalNature·DateJan 4, 2023
DJI Air 3 (RC-N2)

DJI Air 3 (RC-N2) captures 4K mapping passes and environmental surveys with dual cameras, long flight time, and omnidirectional obstacle sensing.

Using machine learning to forecast amine emissions

A group of scientists developed a machine learning approach to predict amine emissions from a carbon capture plant. They analyzed data from a stress test at a German power plant and found that two amines respond in opposite ways, increasing or decreasing emissions. This new method has the potential to change the way chemical plants ope...

SourceEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne·JournalScience Advances·DateJan 4, 2023

‘Jumping genes’ help fungus kill salamanders

A fungus infecting salamanders has evolved to contain multiple copies of jumping genes, which contribute to its increased virulence. The 'copy and paste' mechanism allows the fungus to amplify skin-destruction genes, making it more deadly.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJan 4, 2023

Gut bacteria may play a role in diabetes

Researchers found that people with higher levels of Coprococcus tended to have higher insulin sensitivity, while those with Flavonifractor had lower insulin sensitivity. The study aimed to understand the relationship between microbiome composition and diabetes development.

SourceCedars-Sinai Medical Center·JournalDiabetes·DateJan 4, 2023

Chung-Ang University researchers unveil the mechanism of noise and signal detection, enhancing organic photodetector performance for advanced image sensors

Chung-Ang University researchers identify direct electron tunnelling as dominant mechanism of noise in organic photodetectors, enabling enhanced detection speed and improved image sensor performance. The discovery paves the way for miniaturized image sensors with curved designs and omnidirectional sensing capabilities.

SourceChung Ang University·JournalAdvanced Functional Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 4, 2023
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

Antibiotic residues in water a threat to human health

Research from Karolinska Institutet found high levels of antibiotic residues in waterways, including wastewater and drinking water, in regions such as China and India. The study suggests these residues contribute to antibiotic resistance, a global threat to human health.

SourceKarolinska Institutet·JournalThe Lancet Planetary Health·DateJan 4, 2023

New articles for Geosphere posted online first

Researchers used zircon U-Pb geochronology to analyze Cenozoic strata in California, developing a new age model for the Amargosa Valley Formation. In Mexico, they investigated mantellic degassing of helium in an extensional active tectonic setting.

SourceGeological Society of America·JournalGeosphere·DateJan 3, 2023
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

USTC synthesizes monometallic endohedral azafullerene

Researchers at USTC synthesize pristine MEAF La@C81N, revealing unique electronic properties and demonstrating skeletal modification's potential to regulate metallic endohedral fullerenes' behavior. This breakthrough tackles a long-standing challenge in synthesizing MEAF.

SourceUniversity of Science and Technology of China·JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society·DateJan 3, 2023
Creality K1 Max 3D Printer

Creality K1 Max 3D Printer rapidly prototypes brackets, adapters, and fixtures for instruments and classroom demonstrations at large build volume.

Examining stroke treatment for people with disabilities

A University of Cincinnati researcher is leading a study to examine the effectiveness of a stroke treatment for patients with a pre-stroke disability, which are often overlooked in clinical trials. The study, funded by PCORI, will enroll over 1,100 patients across the US and collect data on outcomes such as disability, function, and qu...

SourceUniversity of Cincinnati·DateJan 3, 2023

Is it safe? Why some animals fear using wildlife crossings

Researchers studied deer and elk behavior around a wildlife tunnel, finding they were less likely to use the crossing after displaying a 'vigilant' response to passing vehicles. The study suggests designers should focus on animals' perceptions of their environment when building wildlife crossings.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles·JournalPLOS ONE·DateJan 3, 2023

Researchers demonstrate new sensors by creating novel health monitoring, machine interface devices

Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a highly sensitive and stretchable strain sensor that can detect minor changes in strain with great range of motion. The sensor's innovative design features a patterned cut network that enables it to withstand significant deformation without sacrificing sensitivity.

SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 3, 2023

COVID-19 vaccine for children after MIS-C appears safe

A multicenter study found that COVID-19 vaccination following multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is safe, with mild reactions and no serious complications. The study included 385 patients aged 5 years or older, all of whom received at least one vaccine dose without any reports of myocarditis or MIS-C reoccurrence.

SourceNIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute·JournalJAMA Network Open·DateJan 3, 2023
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

New role of small RNAs in Salmonella infections uncovered

Researchers discovered that small RNAs regulate Salmonella's virulence genes by stabilizing mRNA stability through the hilD 3' untranslated region. The study found that Spot 42 and SdsR sRNAs are crucial for controlling SPI-1 expression, leading to improved understanding of Salmonella's pathogenicity.

SourceCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign·JournalJournal of Bacteriology·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 3, 2023

An overlooked phenomenon

Phosphate ions in water alternate between a hydrated state and a mysterious 'dark' state, evading direct detection. The discovery has implications for understanding biocatalysis, cellular energy balance, and biomaterials formation.

SourceUniversity of California - Santa Barbara·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 3, 2023

Researchers succeeded in developing a light source that produced two entangled light beams

Scientists successfully created a light source that produced two entangled light beams using rubidium atoms. The entanglement was achieved by adding new detection steps to measure the quantum correlations in the amplitudes and phases of the fields generated, enabling applications in quantum computing, encryption, and metrology.

SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateJan 3, 2023

Researchers discover new process to create freestanding membranes of 'smart' materials

A University of Minnesota-led team has discovered a new method for making thin films of perovskite oxide semiconductors, enabling the creation of freestanding membranes with unique properties. The breakthrough technology could lead to the development of faster, more efficient electronic devices and components.

SourceUniversity of Minnesota·JournalScience Advances·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 3, 2023
Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope

Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope combines portable Schmidt-Cassegrain optics with GoTo pointing for outreach nights and field campaigns.

A brain game may predict your risk of infection

Researchers found that subtle variations in daily cognitive performance can signal changes in brain states increasing the risk of illness. The study used a digital self-test to measure cognitive function and found a strong association between cognitive variability and immune performance.

SourceUniversity of Michigan·JournalScientific Reports·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 3, 2023

Time-restricted eating reshapes gene expression throughout the body

Researchers found that time-restricted eating synchronizes circadian rhythms across multiple systems in mice, activating genes involved in specific diseases like cancer. Nearly 40% of genes in the adrenal gland and pancreas were affected by time-restricted eating, offering guidance for managing diseases.

SourceSalk Institute·JournalCell Metabolism·DateJan 3, 2023

Tipping points complicate the evaluation of complex climate models

Researchers warn that commonly used methods for estimating equilibrium climate sensitivity in complex climate models may be underestimating temperature rise. The study highlights the need for longer simulations to account for potential late tipping points, which could significantly influence global warming.

SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - Faculty of Science·JournalProceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences·DateJan 3, 2023

Fewer moths, more flies

Research reveals dramatic shifts in pollinators across the last century, with hoverflies and moths becoming less frequent visitors to flowers, replaced by flies of the genus Thricops. The findings suggest that plants may be able to compensate for these losses, but changes in insect communities could lead to reduced pollination services.

SourceHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ·JournalNature·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 3, 2023
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount provides precise tracking capacity for deep-sky imaging rigs during long astrophotography sessions.

January issues of American Psychiatric Association journals cover childhood and neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, suicide screening and technological advances in CBT

The American Psychiatric Association's January journal issues focus on childhood- and neurodevelopment-related psychiatric disorders. A study published in The American Journal of Psychiatry explores how brain scans predict treatment response to psychotherapy for OCD.

SourceAmerican Psychiatric Association·JournalAmerican Journal of Psychiatry·DateJan 3, 2023

A stem cell's sense of touch

Embryonic cells use mechanical cues, known as the cell's sense of touch, to make collective decisions during tissue formation. The study reveals that cells perceive the stiffness and confinement of a 'living foam' structure, which changes its properties at the moment of differentiation.

SourceUniversity of California - Santa Barbara·JournalNature Materials·DateJan 3, 2023

To identify a voice, brains rely on sight

A new study suggests that the brain's ability to identify a voice is linked to its ability to recognize faces, with a common brain center processing both visual and auditory information. This finding has important implications for understanding disorders where voice or face recognition is compromised.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh·JournalJournal of Neurophysiology·DateJan 3, 2023
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

Researchers design educational course for Illinois practitioners to address lack of knowledge on tick-borne diseases

A recent study found that medical professionals in Illinois were relatively knowledgeable about diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease, but lacked information on other tick-borne diseases. The researchers are now designing a continuing education course to educate practitioners on current ranges of ticks and risk of disease.

SourceCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign·JournalOne Health·TypeSurvey·DateJan 3, 2023

HKUMed discovers a diagnostic potential of the amniotic fluid cells RNA-sequencing in deciphering rare diseases

Researchers at HKUMed have established a baseline for gene expression profiles of amniotic fluid cells using RNA-sequencing, providing potential clinical utility for prenatal diagnosis. The study identified outliers in genes associated with structural congenital anomalies, offering new evidence for diagnosis.

SourceThe University of Hong Kong·JournalGenomic Medicine·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 3, 2023

When doctors know each other

Research from Harvard Medical School finds that specialists who trained with patients' primary care physicians report treating patients with a more concerned manner and clearer explanations. Patients also experience greater engagement in shared decision-making and improved medication-prescribing behavior.

SourceHarvard Medical School·JournalJAMA Internal Medicine·DateJan 3, 2023

Generous parental leave is protective against poorer mental health

A systematic review of 45 studies found that generous parental leave is protective against poorer mental health, including depressive symptoms and burnout, particularly among mothers. The benefits are associated with longer duration of leave and paid/unpaid leave schemes, continuing into later life for mothers.

SourceStockholm University·JournalThe Lancet Public Health·DateJan 3, 2023
CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock

CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock simplifies serious desks with 18 ports for high-speed storage, monitors, and instruments across Mac and PC setups.

Nuclear medicine bone scan study identifies prevalence and outcomes of cardiac amyloidosis

A new study found that approximately three percent of all bone scan patients have markers of cardiac amyloidosis, which can lead to heart failure and increased mortality. The research highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, as well as potential automated detection methods using machine-learning algorithms.

SourceSociety of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·JournalJournal of Nuclear Medicine·DateJan 3, 2023

Researchers develop, validate tool to visualize 3D architectural properties of atherosclerosis plaques

Researchers developed an advanced MRI tool that reveals structural insights into atherothrombosis by detecting regions at risk of rupture or atherothrombosis. The tool provides new information on fatty material formation in arteries, improving diagnosis and treatment outcomes for individuals with atherosclerotic disease.

SourceBoston University School of Medicine·JournalJournal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 3, 2023
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Diabetes mellitus: Women are at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than men

A study published in Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice found that women with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) than men, particularly during perimenopause. The risk is 1.52 times higher for women with DM compared to those without DM.

SourceComplexity Science Hub·JournalDiabetes Research and Clinical Practice·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJan 3, 2023

Microprotein increases appetite in mice

Researchers at Salk Institute discover thousands of previously unknown microproteins in brown and white fat tissue, finding that one, Gm8773, increases feeding activity in mice. This discovery could lead to the development of a therapeutic to promote weight gain in certain disease situations.

SourceSalk Institute·JournalCell Metabolism·DateJan 3, 2023

Pandemic put more parenting stress on mothers

A new study reveals that mothers working from home during the pandemic took on significantly more supervisory parenting responsibilities than fathers, often spending an extra two hours managing childcare duties. The researchers also found that women were more likely to adapt their work schedules to accommodate changing family needs.

SourceCornell University·JournalJournal of Marriage and Family·DateJan 3, 2023

Berkeley Lab scientists develop a cool new method of refrigeration

Researchers at Berkeley Lab have developed a new method of heating and cooling called ionocaloric cooling, which could provide efficient and safe cooling for homes. The technique uses ions to drive solid-to-liquid phase changes, making it potentially more efficient than current refrigerants.

SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·JournalScience·DateJan 3, 2023
Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro)

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

Taming Overactive mTOR in Renal Cell Cancer

Researchers from Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a novel mechanism of tumor formation in kidney cancers, highlighting the role of overactive mTORC1 signaling pathway and loss of the TSC tumor suppressor gene. Activation of microphthalmia transcription factors (MITF) family by unopposed mTOR signaling may lead to abnormal cell gr...

SourceJohns Hopkins Medicine·JournalNature Communications·DateJan 3, 2023