A team of scientists from CNRS and RCU reveals a massive walled oasis dating back to the Bronze Age, shedding new light on human occupation and social complexity in pre-Islamic Arabia. The fortification, estimated to be over 14km long, enclosed a rural territory of nearly 1,100 hectares.
Research finds that people with higher HIV viral loads have higher recombination rates, enabling the virus to diversify and evade the immune system. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how recombination drives HIV evolution.
A new double main-injection (DMI) strategy has been proposed to regulate fuel stratification in Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) mode, improving fuel economy and reducing emissions. The study found that simultaneous main-injection and exhaust gas recirculation can achieve rapid fuel supply and control of combustion.
Researchers have found that ultraviolet laser light can degrade coronavirus particles by damaging their genetic material and protein spikes. The study reveals the effectiveness of UVC laser radiation in inactivating SARS-CoV-2, with applications for public disinfection and decontamination.
Researchers developed a blood test, NEMO, to detect neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and differentiate it from CRPC-adenocarcinoma. The test uses cell-free DNA methylation changes to quantify tumor burden and identify subtypes.
Researchers studied two coral species in Hawaii to understand their adaptability to climate change, finding that certain species can endure and recover from heat stress, while others are more vulnerable. The study highlights the importance of acclimatization and recovery patterns in coral resilience.
A meta-analysis of 90 studies found that adolescents use nonprescription weight-loss products excessively, with girls being more affected. The study highlights the need for interventions to reduce this behavior and mitigate potential long-term health consequences.
A new study finds that conserving about half of global land area could maintain nearly all of nature's contributions to people and still meet biodiversity targets for tens of thousands of species. However, only 18% of priority areas are currently protected.
New research reveals that microplastic pollution affects soil fungi differently depending on moisture levels. In dry conditions, microplastics help retain water and may mitigate drought effects, while in well-watered environments, toxic chemicals leach into the soil, hindering fungal richness.
Researchers found that the Asian summer monsoon's strengthening played a key role in Homo sapiens' dispersal from Africa to East Asia during the last interglacial period. The study integrated paleoanthropological data with high-resolution reconstructions of the monsoon, suggesting a link between climate change and human migration.
A recent study analyzed a prominent dark web fentanyl-selling operation that grew at an alarming rate, offering consumers significant discounts. The organization's sales growth and price markups made it difficult for law enforcement to shut down, allowing other organizations to fill the gap.
Researchers have successfully used mRNA technology to correct a rare genetic disease in mice, demonstrating its potential therapeutic use. The treatment corrected the lethal consequences of the disease and restored glutathione metabolism.
Researchers developed a general A-site alloying strategy to prepare noble metal-occupied MAX phases, enabling the creation of over 100 materials with diverse compositions and crystal structures. These materials exhibit superior catalytic performance, particularly in alkaline hydrogen evolution reactions.
Female high-school students with sub-threshold ADHD and autism traits experience worsened mood swings, irritability, bloating, and fatigue before menstruation. These findings highlight the need for better support systems to address PMDD's impact on school adjustment, performance, and relationships.
MIT researchers have developed a new method to track cell differentiation and study long-term processes like cancer progression or embryonic development. They used noninvasive Raman spectroscopy to monitor embryonic stem cells as they differentiated into multiple cell types over several days.
Researchers investigate grain size and temperature effects on Ti deformation at extremely low temperatures, finding that cryogenic temperatures trigger deformation twinning, boosting strength and ductility. The study proposes a modified Hall-Petch relationship to explain strengthening mechanisms at cryogenic temperatures.
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) has announced its 2024 class of 17 new fellows, who have demonstrated immense commitment to the society. The fellows will be recognized at ASBMB's annual meeting in San Antonio in March.
Ashok Veeraraghavan, a Rice University professor, has won the Edith and Peter O'Donnell Award in Engineering from the Texas Academy of Medicine, Engineering, Science and Technology. His research focuses on making invisible objects visible through imaging technology that tackles challenges beyond current technologies.
Researchers developed a high-performance prediction model to identify children at risk of autistic spectrum disorder, utilizing routine developmental assessments. The tool has the potential to improve early detection and timely interventions for affected children.
Researchers have developed a novel eco-friendly material using mycelium, coffee grounds, and natural pineapple fibers, boasting biodegradability, customizable physical properties, and fire resistance. The production process is sustainable, utilizing renewable resources and minimizing energy consumption.
The project aims to develop a successful harvest system by identifying suitable cultivars, optimizing production practices, and modifying the harvest system to minimize damage to onion bulbs. The goal is to improve profitability and market share for short-day onions in the southern US onion harvest system.
The UK is launching four new PhD training centers to boost expertise in environmental science, focusing on flood management, freshwater quality, sustainable mineral resources, and wetland conservation. These centers will support the next generation of researchers who will go on to build careers in research, business, and public service.
Scientists at Penn State develop monolithic 3D integration using 2D transistors, achieving higher density of vertical connections and reducing processing temperatures. This approach enables more energy-efficient computing by decreasing distance between devices, thereby reducing lag and power consumption.
Researchers at Okayama University uncovered key reproductive characteristics of the red-swamp crayfish, highlighting the importance of hook length and chelae for identifying sexual status. The study also found high reproductive ability and fast growth rates compared to native Japanese crayfish.
Researchers have found that a specific pathway, cGAS-STING, is unleashed to prevent cancer formation by detecting DNA damage within cells. The discovery reveals the 'key' to unleashing this pathway, which can potentially reactivate it to treat and prevent breast cancer development.
New research from the University of Bristol found that exposure to high humidity and temperature during pregnancy can influence blood pressure changes in children. The study analyzed over 7,000 participants and found a steeper increase in blood pressure with higher relative humidity and a slower increase with higher temperature.
Researchers found that peat exposed to mild drought still absorbs some carbon, but extreme drought causes it to release carbon. Increasing biodiversity in peatlands does little to combat drought, contrary to previous assumptions.
Researchers created a single-cell atlas of the human placenta, revealing changes in gene expression patterns among cell types. The study found that cells most affected by labor were in chorioamniotic membranes and generated inflammatory signaling.
A study published in the Journal of Traumatic Stress found that certain symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with a higher risk of substance use among children after a natural disaster. The study identified irritable behavior and angry outburst symptoms as being linked to the greatest risk for coping through...
Scientists at the University of California, Davis, have successfully synthesized specific chiral molecules using rearrangements of simple hydrocarbons and complex organic catalysts. This breakthrough enables better harnessing of hydrocarbons for various purposes, including precursors to medicines and materials.
Researchers found a shared genetic trait that predicts a higher risk of small lung vessel disease and its severe form, pulmonary arterial hypertension. This discovery could lead to personalized treatments for patients with limited oxygen response.
The Rutgers biophysical chemist and his brother, a political scientist, propose that parallels exist between the microscopic world of cells and molecules and human-forged organizations and political systems. They identify similarities in rules that apply to both realms, including stability concepts and cooperative phenomena.
Dr. Hambuchen's affordance template innovation allows remote humans to interact with robots as supervisors, guiding them to complete tasks while maintaining autonomy. This technology has significant implications for NASA's space exploration and deep-sea exploration, overcoming the challenge of time delays.
Research from the University of Cambridge found that people with overweight or obesity experience a short-term increase in bodyweight when their depressive symptoms rise. The study suggests that monitoring and addressing depressive symptoms could help prevent further weight gain and improve overall health.
The Internet-of-Batteries (IoB) system utilizes IoT principles to gather data from EV batteries, analyzing health and performance, identifying faults, and optimizing usage. Machine learning approaches enhance decision-making for improved battery performance, increased range, and reduced costs.
Research found a significant increase in cardiovascular disease deaths related to substance use, particularly among young adults and certain racial and ethnic groups. The study highlights the need for comprehensive public health efforts to address substance use and its impact on heart health.
A comprehensive study reveals repeated incursions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus in Israel and neighboring areas, emphasizing the importance of improved surveillance, vaccination efforts, and cross-border cooperation. The research underscores the necessity for unified strategies to effectively combat FMD and reduce its economic and ag...
Researchers found that the deletion of the Gtf2i gene impairs mitochondrial organelle formation and function, leading to abnormal cell behavior and neurodevelopmental pathologies. This discovery sheds light on the mechanism behind Williams syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by cognitive and social impairments.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have received an NIH grant to create predictive models for Alzheimer's disease using brain MRIs and clinical data. The goal is to enable earlier detection of the condition, ideally two years before onset of symptoms.
Research reveals that red knot characters are formed in the first year of life, shaped by initial experiences in the Wadden Sea. Young birds exhibit more variable behavior and diet, while older birds have consistent food preferences and character types.
A Baylor College of Medicine study reveals that dietary folate enhances colon cancer risk in an animal model by accelerating epigenetic changes. The findings suggest a direct link between folate intake and increased tumor development, highlighting the need for monitoring food fortification's long-term safety.
New research found that rapid-acting antidepressants modulate affective biases associated with learning and memory. The study proposes a neuropsychological mechanism explaining both immediate and sustained effects of these drugs.
A research team studied developing lamprey embryos to clarify the evolutionary origin of the vertebrate skull, finding that the head mesoderm diverged early in evolution. The study challenged long-standing debates on the development and origin of somites, providing new insights into the age-old question.
Research reveals a single major gene controlling resistance to S-metolachlor in the Stanford, Illinois resistant population of waterhemp. This finding is significant due to the difficulty in studying weed resistance to soil-applied herbicides.
The researchers identified that the flexibility of a protein hinge plays a crucial role in the transfer of proteins in key cell processes. They found that a flexible hinge allows ubiquitination to take place by facilitating the rearrangement of the protein around it.
A new study from the University of Ottawa found that minority candidates, particularly women and LGBTQ2S+, are more likely to be positioned by parties to lose elections. The research highlights the need for political parties to adopt more inclusive nomination processes.
A meta-analysis of 22 studies found that soy isoflavones reduced breast cancer recurrence by 26% and improved survival rates in post-menopausal women. Enterolactone, a compound metabolized from lignans, was also associated with a 28% reduction in breast cancer-specific mortality.
A new study published in De Gruyter journal Humor found that men rate visual jokes higher than women, who prefer jokes involving political commentary or dynamics of close relationships. Both sexes enjoyed cartoons with complex romance themes.
A study found that six in ten US physician contributors to the American Psychiatric Association's official manual of psychiatric disorders received payments from industry, totaling $14.24m. The study highlights concerns about editorial independence and suggests a rebuttable presumption against financial conflicts of interest among pane...
A new study using personal wristband monitors has collected unprecedented data on air pollution exposures in pregnant individuals in New York City. The findings identified complex interactions between demographics and behaviors that shape exposure to individual compounds, highlighting the need for further research to understand these p...
Scientists at University of California San Diego have developed a noninvasive approach to detect exRNA molecules in leftover culture media, which can help predict embryo quality and IVF success. By analyzing these molecules, the researchers were able to replicate morphological measurements used in current embryo tests.
A study found that human hunting reduces red deer density more than large carnivore presence, while land use increases density. The return of the wolf to Central Europe has limited impact on red deer populations due to high mortality rates from road traffic.
Obesity recognized as chronic health condition with specific pathophysiologic causes, requiring safe and effective treatments. A multifaceted approach to care is essential for older adults, involving professionals from various fields to address social, environmental, and economic risk factors.
Astronomers have found a direct link between massive star explosions and the formation of compact objects like black holes and neutron stars. The study used ESO's VLT and NTT to observe a supernova explosion in a nearby galaxy, revealing evidence for a compact remnant left behind.
Researchers have developed a new OLED technology that uses an exciplex route to produce white lights, reducing costs and device complexity. By using a spacer layer with ambipolar properties, the technology enables a single-layer architecture for white OLEDs.
A review of over 90 studies found that 5.5% of adolescents globally have used non-prescription weight loss products, while 2% do so in the previous week. Ineffective treatments can lead to long-term health consequences, according to the study.
Shengqian Ma, Ph.D., receives the 2024 Edith and Peter O'Donnell Award in Physical Sciences for his groundbreaking research on nanoporous materials-based nanotraps. These nanotraps can effectively clean up environmental pollutants like oil, mercury, and nuclear waste.
A new Dartmouth study finds that seasonal snowpacks have shrunk significantly over the past 40 years due to human-driven climate change. The sharpest global warming-related reductions are in the Southwestern and Northeastern United States, as well as in Central and Eastern Europe.
The new Repoint technology features a lift and move mechanism with passive locks, ensuring fault-tolerant operation even when two actuators fail. It has been successfully tested at a test track, demonstrating compatibility and functionality with conventional switch rail arrangements.
A Baylor University chemistry professors develop a codex using lithophane, converting images from scientific textbooks into tactile formats for students with blindness. The study found that students with blindness can accurately describe, recall and distinguish high-resolution data and imagery at an average accuracy of 88%.