A study published in PLOS Medicine found that only 43% of menu items at the UK's highest-grossing restaurant chains met all voluntary targets for sugar, salt, and calorie reduction. This suggests that stricter regulation may be needed to improve the nutritional quality of out-of-home food.
Researchers uncover role of glia in ALS pathogenesis, finding altered functioning of TDP-43 protein and MYC factor responsible for abnormality. The study provides new anchors to understand clinical heterogeneity of ALS and suggests potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring.
A Concordia-designed simulator models hemodynamics in reduced gravity environments, revealing key differences in blood flow and pressure patterns. The system successfully reproduced effective CPR on Earth and generated consistent blood flow under both normal and hypogravity conditions.
Researchers at Florida International University have discovered that sargassum seaweed can serve as a valuable ingredient in everyday foods due to its high content of alginate. The study shows extraction yields of roughly 45% and demonstrates the potential for sargassum as an alternative source to traditionally harvested seaweeds.
The merger will enable significant operating efficiencies and combined scale with Project MUSE, while maintaining BioOne's flagship aggregation of bioscience research journals as a discrete product within Hopkins Press. The integration is expected to expand services, shared infrastructure, and sustain revenue for the nonprofit community.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing found that safer nurse staffing levels in Pennsylvania hospitals could prevent up to 3,040 hospital deaths annually and reduce costs by an estimated $239 million. The study analyzed data from over 547,000 patients and nearly 2,800 nurses across 132 hospitals statewide.
A new autonomous laboratory named PoLARIS has identified brighter, lead-free light-emitting nanomaterials in just 12 hours. By analyzing the optical properties and adjusting variables, PoLARIS has improved the brightness of these materials, enabling faster discovery of safer optical nanoplatelets for various applications.
Researchers found that Demodex mite overgrowth and heightened innate immune activity are hallmark drivers of rosacea but not sensitive skin syndrome. Sensitive skin syndrome has its own unique mechanisms, characterized by distinct biomarkers such as reduced cathelicidin and dermcidin levels.
Researchers developed a physics-inspired framework to predict how accents and dialects change over time and location. The model demonstrates sweeping linguistic shifts across the US during the 20th century and shows that language may be law-like, with hidden statistical forces shaping human communication.
Sanford Burnham Prebys receives a $5 million gift from Andrew Viterbi to advance its Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence. The center is exploring raw or untapped data to uncover patterns and insights that can inform scientists and clinicians.
Scientists have measured the atmosphere of the mini-Neptune, revealing a heavy composition with water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. The findings suggest that both planets formed far from their host star, then were drawn inward through a gradual process, preserving their atmospheres.
A new white paper by Dr. Jar'Mel Taylor examines how school systems can better equip educators to respond when students show signs of distress, conflict or harm. The paper proposes a trauma-informed bystander intervention model to strengthen safety and belonging in K-12 schools.
Regular physical activity is essential for mitigating the regain of lost weight after discontinuing GLP-1 medications. Exercise has complementary effects beyond energy balance, including improved insulin sensitivity and increased fat oxidation. Clinicians must develop individualized strategies to improve exercise adherence.
Researchers at Mass General Brigham found that advanced footwear technology improves running performance in elite distance runners, but also causes subtle changes in running mechanics linked to bone stress injuries. Rotating shoes and gradually adapting to AFT may help reduce potential injury risk while optimizing performance.
Ordinary adhesive tape stores a sequence of multiple memories with tunable strength, allowing for simple mechanical calculations. Researchers developed an automated device to create these memories by peeling the tape past designated distances.
Researchers used AI to design new molecules for disinfectants, leveraging a dataset of hundreds of existing quaternary ammonium compounds. The approach yielded 11 promising compounds with activity against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, offering a potential solution to the growing threat of 'superbugs'.
A $3.1 million R01 grant will fund research exploring how targeted therapy can strengthen bones in children with osteogenesis imperfecta while still in the womb. The goal is to develop a prenatal drug therapy that improves outcomes for both mothers and children.
Researchers discovered that fungal effector proteins evolved from ancient antimicrobial proteins to weaken host immune systems and manipulate the surrounding microbiome. These findings provide new insights into how fungi attack both hosts and beneficial microorganisms, with potential applications in agriculture and medicine.
The Colorado Asthma-Friendly Schools initiative recognizes 221 schools for their comprehensive asthma management and student health efforts. Over 120,000 students have benefited from the implementation of evidence-based asthma management practices at school.
Researchers explore the potential of black phosphorus for high-capacity alkali metal-ion batteries, overcoming stability and interfacial challenges through engineered architectures. Scalable synthesis, composite engineering, and interfacial regulation hold key to practical deployment.
A systematic review finds that a combination of aerobic and muscle-strengthening exercises significantly improves cardiovascular outcomes in healthy adults. The optimal exercise duration is found to be between 40-60 minutes per week, with evening aerobic exercise showing greater health benefits.
The study found that researchers value the university's commitment to diversity and anti-discrimination measures and are broadly satisfied with their working conditions. However, respondents identified areas for improvement, including the need for structured institutional support and clear procedures to prevent discrimination. The find...
A study by Cranfield University found that almost all plant-based meat alternatives and beverages in the UK contained at least one mycotoxin, with multiple products containing more than one. The research highlights the need for effective mycotoxin management integrated within food safety standards.
A new study reveals that soil carbon residence time governs riverine dissolved organic matter's age, with climate, hydrology, and soil processes controlling carbon cycling in rivers. The research provides a high-resolution global atlas of riverine DOC, showing that ancient carbon sources are locally important but modern terrestrial org...
A new study has identified seven distinct subphenotypes of pneumonia based on pulmonary histopathology, revealing different patterns of inflammation and damage in the lungs. These findings suggest a foundation for developing targeted therapies for patients with varying disease profiles.
A new AI system, SPARK, enables autonomous scientific discovery in cancer pathology by generating biological hypotheses and translating them into analytical tools. The system identifies clinically relevant tissue markers linked to disease course, treatment response, and tumour progression.
University of Missouri researchers developed an irrigation strategy that allows farmers to conserve water while maintaining crop quality. By tailoring water amounts based on plant growth stages, farmers can reduce water usage and costs.
The American College of Lifestyle Medicine released a new toolkit to help clinicians integrate lifestyle interventions with obesity medications. The toolkit provides practical guidance and patient education across the full course of medication use, addressing concerns about the lack of adequate lifestyle counseling. It aims to align ra...
Researchers at University of Leeds discover how platelet myosin is normally kept inactive, but genetic mutations push it out of balance leading to disease. This breakthrough sheds light on the role of platelet myosin in blood clotting and shedding new hope for treating bleeding disorders.
A new study by Charles Darwin University and BirdLife International estimates that fewer than 500 Timor green pigeons remain in the wild, with the species thought to be functionally extinct in Indonesia. The authors urge governments, conservation organizations, and local communities to take urgent action to save the species.
A new study reveals that carnivorous plants like pitcher plants provide a vital source of nutrient-rich nectar to wasps, benefiting both parties. This interaction may be more than just predator-prey, as the plants and wasps work together for mutual benefit.
Researchers developed a microfluidic spray drying technology to rapidly synthesize high-phase-purity HE-NVPF cathode materials. The new method allows for efficient and scalable energy storage solutions with superior performance.
Complex systems exhibit emergent properties due to water's unique polarity, enabling DNA to store information and proteins to adopt specific structures. This order forms the basis for complex molecules to develop unpredictable properties, driving the evolution of life.
A comprehensive watermelon super-pangenome has been established to understand genotypic differences contributing to phenotypic variation in watermelon. This resource integrates 138 genomes from wild and cultivated watermelons, revealing evolutionary relationships and genomic prediction capabilities.
A majority of Americans, 60%, are concerned about high blood pressure, with nearly half having the condition. A new survey found that 65% are willing to try a plant-based diet to manage their blood pressure. Plant-based foods like fruits, veggies, beans, and whole grains can help maintain healthy blood pressure.
A study of 1,152 people found that humans cooperate more with fair AI than with AI that is helpful or selfish. Fairness was the key to cooperation, not unconditional niceness. The researchers suggest that humans respond best to AI that can navigate social rules and expectations in a believable way.
Research suggests that tailoring weight loss strategies to individual patients can help preserve lean mass and reduce the risk of regaining weight. The study found that a specific gut hormone, FGF15, plays a key role in this process.
Researchers used a technique called theoretical morphospace to analyze bird wings, finding that many species have wing shapes ill-suited for their flight performance. Penguins and hummingbirds stand out as exceptions, having evolved optimally shaped wings for their specialized styles of movement.
A phase 2 human clinical trial of a hookworm antigen has shown effective in limiting the intensity of infection, paving the way for a vaccine. The study found that vaccination with Na-GST-1 reduced the severity of infection in participants.
The rise of consumer-facing health AI assistants is transforming healthcare access, offering users personalized medical workspaces and real-time lab result interpretation. However, concerns around data privacy and the risk of misdiagnosis highlight the need for caution in this rapidly evolving landscape.
This study reveals Yanghe Decoction's anti-tumor effects on osteosarcoma cells by modulating the PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK pathways, inducing ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. YHD also inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in orthotopic OS mouse models.
A study by TGen and City of Hope found a significant correlation between tumor splicing burden and clinical response to treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Patients with high splicing burden showed signs of robust immune activation, suggesting the body may be primed to attack cancer cells.
Researchers studied how meltwater from one iceberg impacts its neighbor's melting rate. They found that the gap between icebergs determines their final shape and melt rate., Iceberg clusters may be less prone to melting than isolated icebergs due to the protective effect of meltwater.
A new €2.5 million project aims to better understand why people with inherited mitochondrial disorders are more vulnerable to severe infections, which can cause profound neurological impairment and a range of other complications. The project will investigate how harmful mutations in mitochondrial DNA alter the behavior of immune cells.
Researchers from Universitat Rovira i Virgili developed an AI tool called CoCoGraph that can generate realistic molecules complying with chemistry laws. The system uses a diffusion model to create plausible structures, resulting in 100% chemically valid molecules, and has been found to be more realistic than other state-of-the-art models.
Researchers found that psilocybin causes temporary shifts in brain entropy, leading to increased insight and emotional self-awareness. This correlates with improved well-being and cognitive flexibility, suggesting the psychedelic trip is key to its therapeutic effects.
A new study sheds light on the extinction of ancient ocean creatures, revealing that nautiloids survived due to their larger eggs and slower metabolic rates. The findings contradict previous hypotheses, suggesting that egg size was a key factor in their survival.
A new study found that natural selection favored Indigenous Andeans with high numbers of salivary amylase genes, leading to a higher frequency of these genes in the population. This suggests that potatoes played a crucial role in shaping the genetic makeup of this population.
A study published in Radiology used AI to analyze whole-body MRI scans from over 66,000 participants, revealing that skeletal muscle quality is a strong predictor of diabetes, major cardiovascular events, and mortality. The researchers also found that high visceral fat and low skeletal muscle were associated with increased risks of the...
Researchers developed a hand-held device to differentiate tumors from healthy tissue using mechanical properties, reducing the need for future surgeries and delayed treatments. The wireless probe can aid surgeons in precise tumor removal during breast-conserving surgery.
A research team led by Professor Denver Li Danfeng has discovered a magnetic-field-induced 're-entrant' superconductivity phenomenon in infinite-layer nickelate superconductors. This finding challenges the conventional understanding that magnetic fields suppress superconductivity and opens up new directions for exploring unconventional...
Researchers develop quantum algorithms to simulate polymer degradation caused by UV radiation, using industrially relevant aircraft coatings as an example. The goal is to optimize surface coatings for various industries, improving safety and reducing costs.
Indigenous people of the Andes have a genetic adaptation that allows them to digest starch more effectively due to their history of potato cultivation. Those with higher numbers of salivary amylase genes had an evolutionary advantage, resulting in an average of 10 copies of the gene in modern-day Peruvian Andeans.
A global study finds that regions with long-term isolation exhibit greater linguistic diversity despite lower genetic diversity. This dynamic helps preserve a wider range of language structures and grammar organization.
Researchers used MRI to analyze muscle composition in 11,348 participants and found that higher intermuscular fat and lower muscle mass were associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors. Lean muscle mass was only protective against these risks in men, while women's muscle mass declined after age 40.
The study reveals that human TERT is only compatible with non-human primate cells, while other species show limited or no telomere lengthening. This highlights the importance of using suitable preclinical models for telomerase-based therapies.
A study reveals how a tropical tree genus evolved extraordinary photosynthetic strategies, including CAM, through genome duplication and genetic rearrangement. This diversity enables the trees to adapt to different ecological niches, making them ideal models for climate-resilient crops.
Research shows that diverse boards with members from various backgrounds bring new perspectives, strengthen oversight, and reduce aggressive tax avoidance. This leads to more questioning, debate, and closer scrutiny of management decisions, ultimately resulting in more responsible tax behavior.
Researchers discovered CLCA4 suppresses CSC properties and enhances anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, halting tumor growth and immune suppression in colorectal cancer. CLCA4 overexpression also reshaped the tumor immune microenvironment, sensitizing tumors to anti-PD-1 therapy.
A new study from the University of Surrey shows that firms celebrated for strong financial performance may actually be inefficient when environmental impact is included. The research developed a new way to measure sustainable corporate efficiency, combining traditional financial metrics with environmental data.