Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory report a neural circuit in the mouse olfactory bulb that helps adjust gain on powerful odors. This mechanism allows for better smell recognition and reduces the risk of being overwhelmed by strong smells.
A team of researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has identified interleukin-6 as a key player in driving aggressive and hormone therapy-resistant prostate cancer. The discovery holds promise for developing targeted treatments and improving patient outcomes.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory found that the mammalian brain uses cortical feedback to distinguish between nearly identical odors. The team tracked neural signals and found specific responses to distinct scents, suggesting a 'sparse' response and amplification of certain odors.
Researchers found that two different breast cancer models progressed at varying rates based on tumor microenvironment characteristics, with MMP9 playing a crucial role in promoting cancer growth. The study suggests that targeting MMP inhibitors may be more effective in specific patient populations.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a set of genes responsible for stem cell production in tomatoes, which explains the origin of the massive 'beefsteak' variety. By fine-tuning these genes, breeders can potentially customize fruit size in other crops.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered the mechanism of action for BRD4, a protein critical to AML cell survival. Disrupting this pathway may lead to improved therapeutic strategies and new molecular targets for treating various cancers.
Scientists at CSHL have developed a method to comprehensively identify binding pockets inside cancer cells that can be targeted by drugs. Using CRISPR, they surveyed about 200 potential targets and identified six known targets and 19 new ones in leukemia cells.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory found that the mammary gland forms a long-term memory of pregnancy, allowing it to respond more efficiently to hormonal changes during subsequent pregnancies. This epigenetic memory is thought to explain why breastfeeding is easier in second and subsequent pregnancies.
A novel computational strategy identified CRMP1 as a factor that suppresses misfolding and aggregation of the huntingtin protein in Huntington's disease. CRMP1 overexpression reduces huntingtin aggregation and toxicity, while reduced levels increase toxicity.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a previously unknown signaling pathway in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The pathway involves protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPD2, which regulates abnormal cell growth when the HER2 pathway is activated.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have revised the theory of how PTEN shuts off growth signals in cells. They found that PTEN proteins travel along microtubule highways to cytoplasmic vesicles containing green signals, which are then pinched off and turned back to red through a process called endocytosis
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered that tumor cells can form tubular networks resembling blood vessels, facilitating metastasis in breast cancer. This phenomenon, known as vascular mimicry, allows tumor cells to access the bloodstream and colonize new sites.
Researchers found an inhibitory connection between the prefrontal cortex and thalamus, crucial for cognitive functions like attention and decision-making. This discovery may help explain schizophrenia's underlying mechanisms and indicate a path to new treatments.
Researchers discovered that Oct4 gene alleles pair up at critical moment of embryonic stem cell differentiation, a process called tissue-specific cell development. This phenomenon supports the notion that allele pairing plays a role in regulating gene expression.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory successfully decoded how rats learned to associate specific sounds with rewards, revealing the neural mechanisms underlying auditory learning. The study provides a key insight into how memories are encoded in the brain and may have implications for understanding other sensory systems.
Researchers used a new whole-genome sequencing method to detect potential disease-causing mutations in human IVF embryos, detecting 82% of single base de novo mutations. The technique, which uses DNA barcodes and advanced sequencing technology, can help identify the cause of congenital disorders such as intellectual disability and autism.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered a new quality control mechanism where RNAs proofread themselves, ensuring proteins are made correctly. The CCA-adding enzyme uses a screw-like motion to add CCA groups to tRNAs, and the RNA itself determines whether to allow further additions.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory created a new computational method, fitCons, which compares changes in DNA letters across species and within individuals to identify functionally important sequences. The analysis suggests that only about 7% of the human genome is functional.
A team of researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has identified a new pathway that controls fear memories and behavior in the mouse brain. The discovery, published in Nature, reveals that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus plays a critical role in regulating fear learning and memory.
Researchers have developed a method to restore Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) production only in peripheral tissues, allowing them to define the role of the drug both inside and outside of the CNS. The treatment effectively cured mice with spinal muscular atrophy, challenging assumptions about the pathology of the disease.
Rats use simple 'linear summation' to process odor inputs from the environment, with individual neurons responding rapidly to specific smells. This process allows for efficient detection and analysis of odors, despite environmental and respiratory variations.
Researchers have identified a novel cellular biomarker that can determine if a tumor has a potentially lethal mutation in the p53 protein, which is often referred to as the 'guardian of the genome'. The new biomarker can be used to assess p53 status in as little as 15 minutes.
A team of scientists developed an automated method to detect neuron activity during specific behaviors in mice. The technology uses c-fos protein to identify active neurons and has been used to study male-male and male-female interactions, revealing novel facts about brain activation patterns.
Researchers have developed a new model system to grow both normal and cancerous pancreatic cells in the laboratory, offering a powerful tool in the fight against pancreatic cancer. The 3D culture system, known as an organoid, can be grown from human patient tissue, providing a path to personalized treatment approaches.
Scientists have identified a neural circuit in the mouse brain that regulates attention and sensory processing, providing insight into how the brain filters out distractions. The discovery has implications for devastating psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, which are characterized by significant attention deficits.
Researchers used genome sequencing to track MRSA spread in a Thai hospital with high transmission rates, revealing multiple distinct clades and transmission events between patients and staff. The study highlights the need for improved hand hygiene practices and measures of within-host bacterial diversity.
Scientists at CSHL have devised an algorithm that improves RNA interference technology harnessing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) for effective gene knockdown. The new algorithm, called shERWOOD, was trained on a massive parallel assessment of shRNA potency and can predict the efficacy of new sequences.
An international team of researchers identified approximately 6600 genes whose expression levels vary within a restricted range in both mice and humans. These genes, which represent about one-third of active genes across tissues in both species, reflect evolution's constraint on their expression to maintain cellular housekeeping.
A team at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a population of neurons that can process multiple behaviors at once, blurring the lines of specialization. This finding raises questions about how information is encoded in the brain and may lead to new approaches in understanding cognition and mental disorders.
A recent study suggests that genes and regulatory elements share a common architecture in their reading processes, with the main differences occurring after the initial step. This unified model could provide insight into how genes evolve and shed light on the evolutionary origins of new genes.
Scientists have discovered a set of gene variations that can increase fruit production in tomatoes and potentially other flowering plants, including staple crops like soybeans. By fine-tuning the balance between florigen and anti-florigen, plant breeders can customize genetic variations to maximize yield gains.
Researchers found that de novo mutations, including missense and likely gene-disrupting mutations, contribute significantly to autism. The study also identified recurrent gene-disrupting mutations in 27 genes as causal factors in severe cases.
Scientists have discovered a new role for Dicer in preventing genome damage caused by collisions during DNA replication. The protein helps free transcription machinery from DNA, preserving the integrity of the genome. This discovery may help explain why mutations in Dicer are associated with increased risk of cancer and aging.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory scientists discovered that rats and mice exhibit comparable cognitive abilities, particularly in adaptive decision-making tasks. The study's findings suggest that genetic tools for mice could accelerate research on complex behaviors and learning.
Four CSHL scientists will conduct research in the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies Initiative, aiming to map the human brain and understand brain disorders. The initiative seeks to develop transformative tools for studying the brain's structure and function.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory identified a brain region in rats responsible for their confidence in decisions. The study used rats to test decision-making and found that a specific region of the orbitofrontal cortex plays a crucial role in measuring confidence.
Cells with oncogenic H-RAS activate ROS, which inactivates PTP1B, leading to AGO2 phosphorylation and gene silencing. This results in the accumulation of p21 proteins and halting the cell cycle.
Researchers discovered a subset of microRNAs that regulate sex differences in fruit flies, with implications for understanding human developmental defects and disease. The study found that these small RNA molecules orchestrate complex genetic programs that shape the structures distinguishing males and females.
A team of scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory developed a new algorithm to analyze genome sequences and pinpoint insertion and deletion mutations involved in diseases. They successfully identified indels associated with autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder, shedding light on the genetic causes of these disorders.
Researchers successfully corrected disease-causing mutations in cells from patients with beta-thalassemia using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The corrected cells showed restored expression of hemoglobin and could differentiate into mature blood cells.
A team of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory scientists describe how Dis3l2 uses recognition sites to capture and degrade specific RNAs that are marked for decay. This mechanism helps preserve the character of stem cells and maintain their identity.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered a new function of the body's most important tumor-suppressing protein, p53. A previously unknown variant of p53 called p53-psi reduces cell adhesion and promotes metastatic potential by interacting with cyclophillin D and generating reactive oxygen species.
Researchers found that African elephants have the largest number of olfactory receptor genes, with almost 2,000 OR genes. This unique repertoire is likely important for their living environment and allows them to detect subtle scents.
A team of scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has identified a gene called LIN-42 that controls the timing of events during development, governing a broad range of events throughout growth and behavior. The study provides insight into how species evolve without creating new genes.
Recent research suggests that antioxidant supplements and foods may not reduce cancer risk, but instead accelerate cancer development. The study proposes that antioxidants accumulate at distant sites in cells, leaving tumor-promoting ROS relatively unperturbed, which can stimulate cancer cell growth.
The modENCODE Project has provided new genomic advances on embryonic development, DNA replication, and transcriptional regulation. Researchers compared developmental gene expression between Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, finding conserved gene expression patterns during development, despite significant differences ...
Research reveals how mutated OPHN1 protein disrupts AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity, contributing to X-linked intellectual disability. The study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this condition.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have obtained an unprecedented view of a type of brain-cell receptor implicated in neurological illnesses. The team's atomic-level picture of the intact NMDA receptor should serve as a template and guide for the design of therapeutic compounds.
A team of researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has identified the group of neurons in the brain that determines how a mouse responds to stress, whether with resilience or defeat. The study's findings may lead to improved treatments for depression.
A team at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has validated a potentially powerful new approach to treating HER2-positive breast cancer by inhibiting the protein PTP1B. The discovery may lead to improved treatments for the disease, which affects one in four patients and is often resistant to existing therapies.