Researchers captured the first steps of human DNA replication in unprecedented detail, revealing how proteins orchestrate the process. The study sheds light on crucial mechanisms, including ATP usage and protein interactions, which may help prevent diseases like Meier-Gorlin Syndrome.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory found that dopamine-releasing neurons factor ambiguity into predictions, enabling effective learning and decision-making. The study adds a new dimension to our understanding of brain function, suggesting that these neurons are more sophisticated than previously thought.
Researchers discovered two distinct fibroblast subtypes in the dense tumor-enveloping stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which may be precisely targeted to improve treatment response. The first subtype produces high levels of alpha smooth muscle actin and is adjacent to neoplastic tumor cells.
A study by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory researchers found that Importin-11 protects the anti-cancer protein PTEN from destruction, leading to cancer progression. Loss of Importin-11 may destabilize PTEN, predicting disease relapse and metastasis in prostate cancer patients.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory demonstrate how MECP2 mutations impair adult learning in female mice. They show that normal MECP2 gene expression is required for learning a natural behavior, and that impaired MECP2 expression causes a cascade of molecular failures leading to neural plasticity deficits.
Researchers found that cells with an extra chromosome grew more slowly and formed smaller tumors than comparable cells with normal chromosome number. However, after weeks of growth, these cells rapidly evolved to acquire new mutations that enabled them to grow rapidly.
Researchers have created a genetically induced obesity model in fruit flies, shedding light on the brain's 'fullness' signal. The model highlights a hormone called unpaired 1, which plays a crucial role in regulating eating behavior and weight gain.
Scientists discovered truncated p53 proteins that can promote cancer growth and metastasis. The mutant proteins interact with mitochondria and alter its functions, leading to tumor progression and poor outcomes.
Researchers used CRISPR gene editing to tweak genes in popular tomato varieties, allowing them to flower and produce ripe fruit weeks earlier. This rapid method enables more plantings per growing season and adapts crops to cooler climates.
Researchers mapped the structure of a portion of the NMDA receptor, which recognizes zinc and glutamate. The study provides insight into the regulation of NMDA receptors and their role in mental health disorders.
A recent study by Robert A. Martienssen's team reveals that RNA interference (RNAi) is essential for quiescent cells to maintain their state, preventing the accumulation of heterochromatin and promoting cell survival.
Researchers found that cancer tumors interfere with the liver's ability to cope with wasting and impair its response to immunotherapy. Massive caloric supplementation does not vanquish wasting, and immune therapy does not impair the tumor's ability to thrive.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a network of genes controlling how many flowers and branches are produced in plants, with implications for crop yields and plant diversity. The discovery could lead to new ways to manipulate flowering patterns and improve food production.
Researchers discovered that neutrophils, common white blood cells, can be hijacked by cancer cells to promote metastasis. A potential treatment using DNAse, an enzyme that degrades NETs, has shown promise in mice models of triple-negative breast cancer.
Researchers developed a tool to examine genetic differences within bacterial species, uncovering novel transmission patterns in mother-infant microbiomes. Strain-level analysis revealed that early colonizing strains are transferred from the mother, while late colonizing strains are acquired from the environment.
MAPseq successfully demonstrates a revolutionary new way of mapping the brain at individual neuron resolution. By using RNA sequencing, researchers can rapidly and inexpensively trace the long-range projections of thousands of neurons in a single experiment.
A new drug therapy has been developed that targets pancreatic cancer cells by reducing their antioxidant levels, mimicking the suppression of NRF2. This approach has shown promise in preclinical studies and could provide a novel treatment option for this devastating disease.
A recent study from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory sheds light on the critical decision every newly born cell makes: whether to continue proliferating or exit the cell-division cycle. The decision depends on delaying the expression of Cyclin E, which is regulated by a feedback loop involving ORC1 and CDC6.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a new pathway in ovarian cancer cells that can be targeted by drugs, reducing metastasis. The newly uncovered pathway depends on activity of protein FER, which activates receptor MET, leading to elevated motility and invasiveness.
Researchers identified a new drug target, BRD9, in acute myeloid leukemia and developed a candidate drug, BI-7273. The team discovered that replacing the native bromodomain with a functionally synonymous one allowed them to prove how the drug works, providing valuable information for drug development.
Researchers found a vast array of previously unknown RNA transcripts and alternative splicing patterns, revealing new functional parts of the maize gene. This discovery has great importance for agriculture, as it can help breed corn to adapt to climate changes.
Biologists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered a new regulatory pathway that channels signals from leaves to stem cells, regulating their proliferation. This pathway, involving the FEA3 receptor-like protein, has near-term implications for increasing maize and staple crop yields by as much as 50%.
Researchers found that human brains produce feelings of confidence that mirror statistical calculations, informing decisions. The study's model suggests that confidence is an objective computation, with the brain acting as a 'statistician' to make informed choices.
Researchers discovered Venus flytraps exploit common plant defense systems to capture insects, utilizing touch-sensitive trigger hairs and glands that promote insect digestion. The traps' gene expression patterns resemble those of roots, suggesting a nutrient uptake mechanism.
Researchers obtained images of the NMDA receptor in active, non-active, and inhibited states using x-ray crystallography and single-particle electron cryomicroscopy. The study reveals the complex movements of the receptor's subdomains during activation and provides insights into designing novel therapeutic compounds.
Researchers discovered that entire sets of maternal and paternal chromosomes can segregate into different cells in embryonic development, leading to chimeric embryos. This finding provides a new mechanism for chimerism and may improve embryo selection approaches for IVF preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Researchers found thousands of APOBEC-induced, clustered mutations in hominid genomes, leading to accelerated evolutionary changes. These mutations were predominantly in transcriptionally active regions and resulted in amino acid substitutions.
Researchers discovered novel genetic variants in a hormone receptor-positive male breast cancer patient, which led to a prolonged stable disease. The study provides new insights into the genomic landscape of male breast cancer and suggests potential benefits of combining treatments to block the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Researchers identified a novel syndrome resulting from multiple genomic lesions in two male siblings with similar phenotypic features. Whole exome sequencing and cytogenetic testing revealed terminal duplications of Chromosome 16q and deletions of Chromosome 5p, which likely contribute to the complex clinical presentation.
Researchers found strong evidence of interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans, occurring tens of thousands of years earlier than previously thought. The team analyzed DNA from a specific Neanderthal individual, which showed human DNA, contradicting previous findings that dated such events to around 47,000-65,000 years ago.
A team of scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has discovered an ancient gene network that helps plants adapt to their environments. The tasiARF/ARF gene network, found in both mosses and flowering plants, plays a crucial role in regulating the response to environmental cues.
A team at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has discovered a novel drug that targets an abnormal RNA molecule called Malat1 in metastatic breast cancer. The drug reduces tumor growth by 70% and prevents metastasis, suggesting that targeting this RNA may be a promising therapeutic approach for treating aggressive breast cancer.
A team of researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has devised a method to inhibit nonsense-mediated decay, a cellular process that detects errors in protein synthesis. This allows for the therapeutic restoration of protein manufacture, even when resulting proteins are truncated or partially functional.
A geneticist has used powerful internet and social media tools to find doctors and researchers worldwide to confirm a new X-linked intellectual disability syndrome in young boys. The syndrome is characterized by severe developmental delays, facial malformations, and generalized hypotonia, with 14 cases involving 11 unrelated families.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have observed direct evidence of synaptic plasticity in the fruit fly brain while flies learn. The team found a dramatic reduction in synaptic strength upon subsequent presentations of the test odor, indicating a decrease in its attractiveness.
A team of researchers discovered how a new anti-leukemia drug, JQ1, works by inhibiting BRD4 and causing the NSD3-short protein to 'fly apart', disrupting cancer cell growth. The NSD3-short protein acts as an adaptor protein, coupling BRD4 to CHD8, and has four distinct functions necessary for AML cells to thrive.
Researchers have found that deleting certain sugar-adding enzymes from plants results in similar defects across distantly related species, highlighting the importance of these modifications. The addition of sugar molecules to proteins controls tip growth, a process critical for cell wall formation and seed production.
Researchers have identified the protein Panoramix, which enables cells to silence specific genes and prevent transposons from disrupting genomes. This discovery provides new insights into the innate defense mechanisms against genetic elements that can cause sterility in animals.
Scientists identified mushroom body output neurons, which transform sensory information into clear instructions for a fly's response. Each cell had a characteristic response pattern that differed between flies, suggesting individual odor preferences develop through experiences.
Researchers describe a case of a 53-yr-old male with early T-cell precursor leukemia who achieved complete remission after treatment with the NOTCH inhibitor BMS-906024. Genetic and epigenetic analysis revealed that the patient's cancer was driven by hyperactive NOTCH1 signaling, which was successfully targeted by GSI treatment.
A team of researchers found specific variations in RNA splicing that may play a role in converting normal breast cells into tumors. The study identifies potential targets for therapies in some forms of breast cancer.
A recent analysis suggests that devastating ultra-rare mutations in vulnerable genes play a causal role in roughly half of all ASD cases. The study identifies 239 genes whose 'vulnerability' to such mutations makes them priority research targets.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of Macrostomum lignano, a flatworm that can regrow its body parts, to gain insights into its regenerative abilities and advance stem cell biology. The genome's complex structure holds promise for studying developmental pathways and gene expression involved in regeneration.
Geneticists identify a gene called MANTLED, which helps determine the fate of sexual organs and causes male organs to develop instead as female organs. The mutation leads to plants with worthless fruit, resulting in millions of dollars in spoilage.
Scientists developed an interactive analysis program called Gingko to study genetic anomalies and provide a simple way to visualize patterns in copy number mutations. This could help clinicians better target medications based on individual cell mutation profiles.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory found cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain that rapidly inform multiple subregions of surprising rewards or punishments. These neurons enable flexibility in neuronal connections, allowing for plasticity and learning.
Researchers have developed a strategy for genome-wide annotation of primary miRNA transcripts, providing extensive new annotations in human and mouse. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of regulation of microRNA gene expression, including novel regulatory mechanisms and alternative promoters.
Researchers develop new approach to treating Rett syndrome by extending lifespan and improving behavioral symptoms in mouse models. The treatment targets PTP1B, an enzyme with abnormal levels in the disorder, restoring BDNF signaling and promoting neural growth.
Researchers have identified new genetic markers for mosquito resistance to insecticides, which could improve its detection in the field. The study also found that mutations affecting detoxification enzymes can increase the biodegradation of insecticides in resistant mosquitoes.
A team of experts has identified genomics as the largest field in big data generation, with an estimated 2-40 exabytes of data produced daily. The rapidly growing field poses significant storage and analysis challenges, including aligning and comparing billions of human genomes.