Research on identifying and measuring risk. Covers rock-avalanche modeling, cardiovascular risk, food-toxin safety, and heart calcium scans.
A new study published in Risk Analysis found that longer freight trains are more likely to derail compared to shorter trains. The research, which analyzed US freight train accidents between 2013-2022, showed a 24% higher risk for 200-car trains.
A new analysis reveals that national-level data on rubella vaccination may overlook nuances at the local level, affecting vaccination efforts. Introducing a vaccine program can reduce CRS cases by thousands in the first five years.
A new study published in JAMA suggests that kidneys from deceased donors on dialysis can be safely transplanted into recipients, reducing the pool of available donors. The study found no significant difference in transplant failure or death rates between recipients of kidneys from donors with and without dialysis.
Researchers found that the angle at which pulmonary veins reach the left atrial appendage affects blood flow and thrombus formation. The study used a sample of 130 patients to investigate the relationship between pulmonary vein morphology and thrombi risk in atrial fibrillation patients.
Researchers analyzed hydrogen vehicle risks in tunnels and found extensive damage potential, but low occurrence likelihood. The team recommended stricter speed limits, precise distance controls, and safer tunnel designs to minimize hazards.
A recent study reveals a significant link between PM2.5 air pollution exposure during pregnancy and low birth weight in newborns worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for stricter air pollution controls. The study emphasizes the impact of air quality on prenatal development and draws attention to regional variations in health risks.
A groundbreaking study reveals semaglutide significantly reduces the risk of major kidney disease events, cardiovascular outcomes, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Semaglutide also shows improved safety and efficacy profiles.
Researchers developed a predictive model using Danish health data to quantify individual cancer risks for 20 types of cancer, achieving an accuracy of 81% over a lifetime. The model enables risk stratification and can inform targeted early detection tests, potentially reducing unnecessary procedures and false positives.
SWOG Cancer Research Network will share results of their work in 30 presentations at the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting, May 31 – June 4 in Chicago. The research focuses on improving cancer treatments and reducing devastating side effects.
A large observational study found that epidural analgesia during labor is associated with a significant reduction in severe maternal morbidity, including heart attacks, sepsis, and hysterectomies. Women with medical indications for epidurals, such as obesity or premature birth, saw greater reductions in risk.
A 8-year retrospective review found that atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) in thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology diagnoses have a risk of malignancy after repeat sampling. Nuclear atypia is associated with upgrading and surgery, while architectural patterns are less predictive of malignancy.
Researchers found that up to one in seven melanoma patients carry cancer susceptibility genes, suggesting family history may be a bigger risk factor than previously thought. This discovery supports the idea that there are risk factors beyond sun exposure that can influence an individual's chances of developing melanoma.
A large register-based study found that young adults with low stress resilience are more likely to develop psoriasis later in life. The study, based on data from over 1.6 million Swedish men, showed a significant link between stress resilience and the risk of developing severe cases of psoriasis.
A new study found that using race-neutral equations for lung function test interpretation accurately predicted risk of death and COPD flare-ups, especially for African Americans. The study suggests reclassifications can allow those most in need to gain eligibility for specialized treatments like lung transplant.
A cohort study of Japanese older adults found that upward and downward socioeconomic status transitions were associated with an increased risk of dementia. The study also revealed a link between social mobility and the length of dementia-free periods throughout life.
Researchers investigated the biological repercussions of UV-C radiation exposure from readily available domestic lamps and found that even brief exposure can lead to irreversible alterations in skin cells and retinal cells. The study highlights the need to prioritize safe utilization of these lamps to prevent potential harm.
A nationwide cohort study found that ex-smokers who vape after quitting cigarettes are at a higher risk of developing lung cancer and dying from it. The study analyzed over 4 million individuals and categorized them into six groups based on their smoking history and habit change.
A new study led by University of Florida researcher Ashley Malin found a possible link between fluoride exposure during pregnancy and increased odds of neurobehavioral problems in children at age 3. The findings, based on an analysis of 229 mother-child pairs, suggest that higher fluoride levels may negatively affect fetal brain develo...
A new US-based study examines the link between prenatal fluoride and childhood social, emotional and behavioral functioning. Higher fluoride exposure levels during pregnancy were associated with a higher chance of children showing neurobehavioral problems, including emotional reactivity, anxiety and somatic complaints.
Researchers developed a new theory on how market dynamics can lead consumers to make risky purchases despite being cautious. The study found that social information and the desire for low prices can create collective ignorance of risks, leading to spiraling risk and poor decision-making.
Treatment with bisoprolol did not reduce self-reported COPD exacerbations, contradicting previous expectations. Researchers found bisoprolol effective for cardiovascular conditions but noted physician reluctance to prescribe it for COPD patients.
A study by Duke and Columbia Universities found that non-white older adults with mild cognitive impairment reside in areas with more environmental injustices than their white peers. The study suggests that location, race, and environmental factors may interact to impact brain health.
Researchers developed CT-Derived Functional Imaging, a software program that calculates lung volume changes and blood mass without contrast dye. The technology has improved diagnoses for up to 30% of patients who couldn't tolerate contrast dye, and also benefits all patients with lung issues such as COPD and cancer.
The Global Burden of Diseases study reveals a 49.4% increase in global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to metabolism-related risk factors between 2000 and 2021. High blood pressure, high blood sugar, and high BMI are key contributors to poor health and early death.
A novel technique using radiomics reveals imperceptible patterns in medical images to predict the risk of meniscus tears. The study correctly classified cases with a sensitivity of 70.6% and specificity of 95.0%, providing clinicians with a valuable tool for proactive knee health management.
A study published in JAMA Surgery found that bariatric surgery significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer in women with obesity, particularly those with high blood insulin levels. The results show a 32% lower risk overall and a 52% lower risk for women with high insulin levels at the start of the study.
A review of 49 studies suggests vegetarian and vegan diets are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and death. However, the authors note that remaining knowledge gaps must be addressed before making large-scale diet recommendations.
A recent study found a significant association between body mass index (BMI) trajectories in middle adulthood and the risk of bone fractures in late adulthood. Maintaining a stable BMI throughout adulthood may reduce fracture risk later in life, according to researchers.
A new study has revealed that high-income individuals have a 32% lower risk of post-stroke mortality. Those with higher education also face a 26% lower risk of death post-stroke.
The 2024 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease aims to improve patient outcomes by emphasizing timely diagnosis and treatment. Coordinated care among a multispecialty team is crucial in reducing the risk of amputation, heart attack, stroke, and death for individuals with PAD.
A recent analysis of WHI findings indicates that MetS and obesity each have different associations with breast cancer subtypes and mortality risk. Women with higher MetS scores are at a higher risk of poor-prognosis, estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-negative breast cancers.
A recent study published in the Ochsner Journal found alarming increases in daily vaping device use among US adolescents from 2015 to 2021. The percentage of EVP use increased significantly over this period, with a greater increase among girls than boys and higher rates among whites and Blacks.
A large-scale Finnish study discovered a significant link between premature menopause and increased mortality risk. Women with spontaneous premature ovarian insufficiency were more than twice as likely to die of any cause or heart disease, but hormone replacement therapy reduced this risk by half for those using it for over six months.
Research links higher blood sugar levels at gestational diabetes diagnosis to complications in newborns, including low blood sugar and large birth weight. Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes are also at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes after birth.
A recent study by Kyoto University reveals that expatriates' boundary-spanning activities can lead to role stress, emotional exhaustion, and a sense of being an outsider among local employees. The study highlights the need for careful management to mitigate these negative impacts.
A new assessment tool developed by researchers at Northwestern University predicts suicidal thoughts and behaviors with an average accuracy of 92%. The tool uses a simple picture-ranking task along with contextual variables to identify individuals at risk of self-harm.
A six-center case-control study investigated the association between miR-146a rs2910164 C>G polymorphism and Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children. No significant relationship was found, suggesting no association with increased risk.
A study of over 470,000 adults found that those who frequently add salt to their food are 39-40% more likely to develop stomach cancer. The research highlights the connection between high salt consumption and stomach cancer in Western countries, raising awareness of the negative effects of extremely high salt consumption.
A new study found that experienced firefighters have different epigenetic modifications linked to prostate cancer risk compared to new firefighters. Chemical exposure to PFAS is associated with these changes. The research team investigated fire department data and found a link between PFAS exposure and increased prostate cancer risk.
The intersection of digitalization, biotechnology, neurotechnology, and nanotechnology raises concerns about the blurring of boundaries between physical, biological, and digital worlds. Researchers warn that converging technologies can be used to manipulate people's thoughts, feelings, and decisions without their knowledge or consent.
A study published in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research found that approximately 60% of women with disabilities perceive no risk associated with weekly cannabis use. Women with disabilities are more likely to view cannabis as harmless than those without disabilities, highlighting the need for effective screening and dissuasion strategies.
A new screening algorithm combining maternal history, ultrasound data and several tests for blood markers may predict most preeclampsia cases in the first trimester of pregnancy. The study found that personalized risk-based treatment decisions may improve adherence to preventative measures.
Researchers found that early neurodevelopmental assessments can predict long-term cerebral palsy outcomes in high-risk infants as young as 3 to 4 months corrected age. However, these tests are limited in identifying cognitive and neurodevelopmental impairments beyond CP diagnosis.
A new study published by the University of Bath found that adolescents are more vulnerable to cannabis use disorder than adults, despite using cannabis less frequently. The study showed that adolescents reported greater negative impacts on daily functioning and symptoms of cannabis use disorder.
New research shows climate change will cause more severe combined wind-rain extremes in the UK and Ireland, leading to increased flooding and damage. The study found that stronger winds and heavier rainfall are likely to occur together, posing challenges for coastal areas and emergency response resources.
Researchers warn of potential corporate uses of polygenic scores for risk assessment and business profits, highlighting the need for policy safeguards. Current laws and policies are inadequate to address ethical concerns surrounding the use of genetic data.
A study by Washington State University found ChatGPT's generative AI system provided inconsistent heart risk assessments for patients with chest pain. The AI failed to match traditional methods used by physicians and returned different results for the same patient data, highlighting its limitations in high-stakes clinical situations.
A study found that households with traditional dirt floors and animals indoors have higher human flea populations, increasing disease risk. Upgrading flooring to concrete or board can help reduce flea infestations and improve quality of life.
A new study found that brief anger episodes can negatively impact blood vessel function, leading to increased risk of heart disease and stroke. The researchers investigated the effects of anger, sadness, and anxiety on blood vessel function and found that evoking an angered state led to blood vessel dysfunction.
Researchers at UCLA Health have developed a potential biomarker for stroke risk using a network of inflammatory molecules in the blood. The study, published in the journal Stroke, found that patients with higher concentrations of these molecules had an 84% chance of experiencing a stroke during their lifetime.
The USPSTF updates its breast cancer screening recommendation to biennial mammography for women ages 40-74. However, the balance of benefits and harms is unclear for women over 75 or those with dense breasts. Breast cancer is a common cause of death among US women.
The American Heart Association has funded four new grants to evaluate the use of race in predicting heart disease risk and develop unbiased clinical algorithms. The research projects will test various risk models to remove racial bias from care decisions, improving patient outcomes.
A study of 26,000 US participants found that both individual- and area-level social determinants contribute to cardiovascular disease risk. The findings suggest that these factors should be considered in future risk assessment tools, especially for Black individuals.
A large-scale study of 572 Asian families with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations found increased breast cancer risk over time, with highest incidence at age 55. The study provides a new framework for estimating cancer risks in Asian carriers, supporting tailored clinical management approaches.
A study using American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data shows both frailty and type of surgical procedure impact postoperative outcomes among elderly patients. Procedure type and its risk level have a greater effect on complications and death.
A significant disparity in mortality rates was observed between lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual female nurses, highlighting the need to address modifiable risks and social forces driving these disparities. The study's findings underscore the importance of promoting inclusive workplaces and addressing LGBTQ+ health inequities.
A cohort study found statistical signals for myocarditis and pericarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination in children aged 12-17 years, consistent with previous reports. Seizures after mRNA-1273 vaccinations in younger age groups require a robust epidemiologic investigation to confirm findings.
Research at Tampere University aims to develop adaptable safety systems for autonomous off-road mobile machinery. The framework focuses on ensuring public safety without compromising technological advancements, incorporating a human-in-the-loop safety option.
A new study reveals that a single hurricane can wipe out 5-10% of New England's total aboveground forest carbon through tree damage. The research team analyzed the impact of 10 powerful hurricanes on the region's forests and found that future storms could pose a significant risk to carbon offset programs.
A new study found that Black women with poor cardiovascular health may face an elevated risk of early signs of cognitive decline in midlife. Processing speed, a leading indicator of early cognitive decline, appeared to decline in these women starting in midlife but not in white women.