Articles tagged with Colorectal Cancer
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A pooled analysis of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with bevacizumab found that those with the lowest body mass index (BMI) had significantly shorter overall survival compared to other BMI categories. Progression-free survival was similar across all subgroups.
The SENRI trial found that NK1 antagonists significantly increased the inhibition rate of vomiting and nausea, especially in females. The three-drug combination therapy of aprepitant, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and dexamethasone may be a good antiemetic treatment option for oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with colorectal c...
Researchers have discovered a gene called SMOC-2 that plays a crucial role in the spread of colorectal cancer. Increased levels of SMOC-2 enable tumor cells to 'leave home' and metastasize, while blocking its activation inhibits metastasis. The gene's expression patterns also resemble those of healthy intestinal stem cells.
A recent study discovered that Daple protein is a tumor suppressor in the early stages of colorectal cancer, but may actually facilitate disease spread at later stages. Researchers found that higher levels of Daple were associated with better patient survival rates and lower tumor growth.
Researchers developed an electrochemical platform to measure DNMT1 activity, a protein linked to cancerous transformation, in crude tissue samples. The technique shows promise for early detection of colorectal cancer with high sensitivity and minimal invasion.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have found a way to prevent or slow progression of colorectal cancer by boosting the activity of a protective gene called AIM2 and giving patients healthy donor bacteria.
Researchers found that reactivating a single gene turned colorectal cancer cells back into normal tissue within days, stopping tumor growth and eliminating signs of cancer. The study provides proof of principle for developing effective cancer treatments by targeting specific tumor suppressor genes.
Researchers identified two genes, ERCC1 and TS, that can predict positive response to chemotherapy and longer survival times in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Low levels of these genes are associated with improved survival rates when treated with oxaliplatin, while high levels may require irinotecan as the first treatment choice.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 observational studies found that nut consumption is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and pancreatic cancer. However, it was not linked to type 2 diabetes.
A study of over 57,000 screenings found that higher adenoma detection rates are associated with a 53-60% lower lifetime risk of colorectal cancer and death. However, the cost-effectiveness remains uncertain despite potential complications from more frequent colonoscopies.
Researchers at the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy have discovered a potent inhibitor of colorectal cancer in mice by adding cinnamaldehyde to their diet. This compound, found in cinnamon, allows animals' cells to protect themselves against carcinogens through detoxification and repair.
Screening for colorectal cancer increased among lower-income and least-educated adults following the Affordable Care Act's removal of cost-sharing provisions. This increase was observed, particularly among Medicare-insured individuals, suggesting that ACA's provision may have contributed to the rise in screening rates.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center study found significant genetic differences between colorectal cancer tumors in young and old patients. The study identified altered gene signaling pathways, including PPAR and IGF1R, which may be involved in the development of younger CRC tumors.
A new study found cancer survivors in the US experience significant annual economic burdens, with nonelderly colorectal and breast cancer survivors facing substantial excess medical expenditures and employment disability. Elderly survivors have lower but still notable economic burdens, highlighting varying impact by age group and cance...
A drug developed in the late 1950s and abandoned due to toxicity has been revived as a treatment for advanced colorectal cancer. The drug, TAS-102, extended patients' overall survival and delayed disease progression with minimal side effects.
A phase I study found that Sym004, a double-targeting EGFR antibody, provides better outcomes than current anti-EGFR therapies in patients with resistant colorectal cancer. The treatment resulted in significant antitumor activity and improved disease-control rates.
A new animal study from Harvard Medical School suggests that a walnut-enriched diet may slow colorectal tumor growth by altering gene expression. The study found that walnuts caused significant changes in the expression profile of micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in localized colorectal cancer tissue.
A large prospective study found that consuming one ounce of nuts per week reduced the risk of colorectal cancer among women. The study, published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, suggests a possible inverse association between nut consumption and colorectal cancer risk.
Following a healthy lifestyle, including diet and physical activity guidelines, is associated with improved survival when diagnosed with bowel cancer. A large study of over 500,000 participants found that men with a high lifestyle score had a lower risk of mortality, while women who breastfed also showed increased survival.
Researchers at The Hormel Institute discovered that aspirin may exert its chemopreventive effects against colorectal cancer by normalizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in gastrointestinal precancerous lesions. This finding suggests EGFR as a novel target for preventing colorectal cancer.
Researchers found that a toxic mushroom-based drug can suppress the POLR2A gene in cancer cells, resulting in complete tumor regression and reduced toxicity. The study's findings provide a new therapeutic approach for human cancers with common genomic alterations.
A new therapeutic strategy has been identified for treating colorectal cancer with the BRAF mutated gene, which is associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition of endosomal activity and P45-IKKα enzyme inhibition show promise in preventing tumour growth and metastasis.
Researchers found that silibinin from milk thistle significantly slowed the growth of colorectal cancer stem cells in mice, reducing tumor size and metabolism. Re-injecting these cancer stem cells into new mice showed a loss of their potential to form aggressive tumors even without silibinin exposure.
Studies published in Journal of Cancer Survivorship found that walking three hours a week can improve hormone functioning and vitality in prostate cancer survivors. Regular physical activity also reduces symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in colorectal cancer survivors, improving quality of life.
A new study finds that racial disparities in cancer outcomes are decreasing, with African Americans showing faster decreases in cancer mortality than Caucasians. The causes of these disparities include low education and income, as well as reduced access to quality healthcare.
Researchers from CNIO have discovered that the MCRS1 protein induces increased mTOR activity in response to excess nutrients, leading to cell growth and proliferation. This correlation was found in human colorectal cancer samples, suggesting a potential link between MCRS1 activity and disease prognosis.
A new biomarker, PAS, has been identified to predict cetuximab response in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with wild-type K-ras. This finding could help physicians make better treatment decisions, improving patient outcomes.
The American Cancer Society's new report highlights disparities in cancer prevention and early detection efforts, including underutilized screening for colorectal and cervical cancers. Meanwhile, tobacco use remains a major cause of preventable disease and premature death, with wide variation by education and race/ethnicity.
A new study provides experimental evidence that a drug inhibiting the EphB-signaling pathway effectively suppresses intestinal tumor development. The study suggests that this knowledge may lead to novel treatments for colorectal cancer patients.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found that high fitness levels in midlife were associated with a lower risk of lung and colorectal cancer. High fitness also reduced the risk of death from these cancers, as well as cardiovascular disease death among men diagnosed with cancer.
A new study published in JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that high marine ϖ-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake is associated with a lower risk of microsatellite instability (MSI)-high colorectal cancers. However, this relationship was not observed for MSI-stable (MSS) CRCs.
A multi-disciplinary team from Singapore has characterised genetic changes associated with liver metastasis in colorectal cancer, enabling the development of personalised diagnostic tests. The research could lead to improved treatment and cure rates for patients.
Researchers from the University of Melbourne found that genetic variation affects the protective effect of aspirin on bowel cancer risk. The study analyzed data from 8,624 participants and found that about 1 in 25 people do not benefit from taking aspirin, potentially increasing their risk.
A new study from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that Asian-Americans diagnosed with cancer have significantly lower cancer-specific mortality rates compared to non-Hispanic white patients. The study analyzed data from over 2.5 million patients and broke down the population into eight subgroups, revealing variations in survival rate...
A study of 19,000 individuals found that regular use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. However, the association differed according to specific genetic variations at chromosomes 12 and 15.
A new study found that regular use of aspirin and NSAIDs is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in those with certain genetic variations on chromosome 15. However, about 4% of participants with two rare genotypes on chromosome 12 had an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
Researchers identified genetic markers that determine who benefits from aspirin and NSAIDs in lowering colorectal cancer risk. Aspirin and NSAID use is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer among individuals with a specific genotype.
A team of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania has found evidence of a new culprit in colon cancer, the protein MSI2. Overexpression of MSI2 is common in colon cancer tumors and promotes tumor growth by disrupting cellular metabolism.
A new study estimates that increasing screening rates to 80% in the US by 2018 would prevent 21,000 colorectal cancer deaths annually by 2030. The initiative aims to boost screening from 58% in 2013 to 80% in 2018.
Researchers identified germline TP53 gene mutations in 1.3% of patients with early-onset colorectal cancer, comparable to the proportion attributed to APC gene mutations. The findings highlight the need for clinicians to counsel patients undergoing TP53 testing as part of multigene risk assessment.
A vegetarian diet was associated with a 22% lower risk of all colorectal cancers, and higher risks were found for non-vegetarians. Vegetarian diets similar to those studied may be important for primary prevention of colorectal cancers.
A global review of health issues highlights the UK's National Health Service (NHS) reduced spending on low-value procedures, while sub-Saharan Africans rate their health among the lowest in the world. The study also suggests that US cancer care may provide less value compared to Western Europe.
Research reveals that adults in Ontario with IDD are nearly twice as likely not to be up-to-date on colorectal tests compared to their non-IDD counterparts. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to make cancer screening more equitable in this population, where chronic conditions like cancer increase with age.
A recent study published in JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that tumor location in colorectal cancer may influence survival. Patients with left-sided primary tumors had better survival outcomes than those with right-sided tumors, suggesting potential differences in gene expression patterns and cancer biology.
Researchers employed a 'Big Bang' model to trace the origins of colorectal cancer cells, revealing clues to why tumor cells become good or bad and potential ways to stop them before they start growing. The study highlights the importance of understanding the early stages of tumor development to prevent cancer.
A new study by American Cancer Society researchers found that smokers before and after diagnosis had a higher risk of death from all causes and colorectal cancer-specific mortality compared to non-smokers. Smoking is associated with more aggressive tumors or decreased treatment efficacy, leading to increased mortality.
Researchers used the mortality-to-incidence ratio to identify global disparities in colorectal cancer screening and treatment. Countries with lower-than-expected ratios have strong national health systems with formal screening programs.
A new study found that vitamin D boosts immune function, reducing colorectal cancer risk. Researchers analyzed data from over 170,000 participants and discovered a link between high vitamin D levels and lower rates of colorectal tumors with immune cells.
A recent study published in JAMA Surgery found that patients with metastatic colorectal cancer are experiencing a decrease in primary tumor resection rates. Despite this decrease, overall survival rates for these patients have improved, indicating potential overutilization of surgery in certain patient populations.
Patients with advanced stage IV colorectal cancer are having fewer surgeries, but still showing improved survival rates due to the advent of more effective chemotherapeutic options and biologic treatments. The median survival rate for these patients has increased from 8.6% in 1988 to 17.8% in 2009.
A new study published in PeerJ found an inverse relationship between oxygen concentration and lung cancer incidence, with counties at higher elevations experiencing lower rates. The association was consistent across population subgroups and demographic variables, suggesting that inhaled oxygen may be a human carcinogen.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have discovered new gene mutations specific to colon cancers in African Americans, offering hope for targeted treatments. The study found that these distinct molecular differences may hold the key to reducing devastating effects of the disease on this population.
A New York University study found that adherence to cancer prevention guidelines was associated with reduced risk of obesity-related cancers. The study highlights the importance of low alcohol consumption and a plant-based diet in reducing cancer risk, particularly for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers.
The American Cancer Society's annual cancer statistics report found a 22% drop in cancer mortality rates over two decades, resulting in the avoidance of more than 1.5 million cancer deaths. The report also shows substantial variation in decline rates by state, with the Northeast experiencing the largest decline and the South the smallest.
A small study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that dense bacterial mats called biofilms are present in the majority of colorectal cancers and polyps, particularly on the right side of the colon. The presence of these bacterial bunches may increase cancer risk and form the basis of new diagnostic tests.
A study published in the British Journal of General Practice found that GPs often do not refer patients for cancer investigations due to concerns about raising patient anxiety. Researchers suggest that GPs should consider discussing cancer possibilities with more openness and involve patients in the decision-making process.
A study published in Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers found that specific variations in the ADIPOQ gene may increase or decrease colorectal cancer risk. The research suggests that these genetic variations interact with environmental factors, such as red meat intake, to affect cancer risk.
Researchers have discovered a combination of two drugs that target both the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, resulting in more effective killing of colorectal cancer cells. The dual approach overcomes the limitations of individual drug treatments, showing promise for treating laboratory models of colorectal cancer.
A multi-centre clinical trial suggests that a combination of three targeted drugs may be more effective than one drug for certain patients with advanced BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer. The treatment, which includes encorafenib, cetuximab, and alpelisib, showed improved efficacy and extended progression-free survival in patients.
A $7.6 million grant supports the validation of molecular tests for early detection of colorectal cancer, aiming to reduce mortality rates. The international Dream Team will focus on developing a blood test to identify patients who can benefit from chemotherapy after surgery.