Articles tagged with Helper T Cells
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Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have developed a synthetic compound that prevents type 1 diabetes in animal models by suppressing immune cells. The study suggests Th17 cells play a key role in the disease and that using ROR-specific compounds may be an effective preventative therapy.
Patients with HIV prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) have low postoperative mortality rates, comparable to those without the infection. Factors associated with increased mortality include poor nutritional status and age.
Pushpa Pandiyan's research reveals that uncontrolled Th17 cells can lead to inflammation and health issues. Her study uses immunodeficient mice to model the process, which could lead to new treatments for infections like Candida albicans.
Scientists at Mainz University have discovered a new sub-population of regulatory T cells linked to allergic asthma. The Treg cell type plays a decisive role in developing and manifesting the disease, making it a promising early diagnostic indicator.
Researchers discovered that specialised immune cells called regulatory T cells played a key role in controlling inflammation in fat tissue and maintaining insulin sensitivity. Treating fat tissues with IL-33 restored normal Treg cell levels, reducing inflammation and decreasing blood glucose levels.
Research from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital reveals that PTEN tumor suppressor protein is essential for proper regulatory T cell function, helping to prevent autoimmune diseases. The study identified a crucial role of PTEN in controlling Tfh cells and autoantibody production, offering new focus for improving treatment.
Scientists discovered that Tregs need continuous contact with their environment to function correctly and require the T cell receptor for protection. The study showed that Tregs without the receptor lose their special ability to suppress excessive immune reactions.
A new study suggests that MMP-2 protein plays a signaling role in the immune system, accelerating wound healing in some cases while exacerbating inflammatory diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders. The protein's mechanisms may be leveraged to develop novel treatments for these conditions.
Researchers found that limiting exposure to specific ligands in the thymus did not affect the mix of T cell types emerging. Instead, they discovered a difference in receptor overlap between weakly bound and strongly bound ligands, which may lead to new vaccine strategies.
Pitt researchers identify natural TH17 cells as a key player in preventing oral thrush, a common infection among HIV patients and those with impaired immune systems. These innate immune cells produce IL-17 to fight Candida albicans, a fungus that causes painful white lesions.
Infant rhesus monkeys receiving different diets early in life develop distinct immune systems that persist months after weaning. Breast-fed macaques had more memory T cells and T helper 17 cells, which are known to fight Salmonella and other pathogens.
New research at Rockefeller University reveals how IELs develop to protect the intestinal epithelium, a critical interface between the gut and body. Understanding this pathway may lead to new insights into inflammatory diseases of the gut and cancer.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have identified a key control mechanism on regulatory T cells that maintain immune system balance. Removing a specific genetic sequence in Foxp3 destabilizes these cells, leading to autoimmune disease in animal models.
Researchers seek to reduce inflammation in kidney transplants by increasing regulatory T cells, either through infusions or pharmacologically. The goal is to maximize long-term organ survival and improve graft success rates, which have remained unchanged at 4% loss annually.
Researchers at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research have discovered that B cells participate in the development of regulatory T cells, which control how killer T cells behave. This finding has implications for treating autoimmunity and preventing transplant rejection.
A 15-year study found that HIV-positive individuals with high CD4 cell counts had no excess risk of ischemic stroke compared to HIV-negative subjects. This suggests that maintaining immune function may protect against ischemic stroke.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered that type I interferons can block the development of T helper 2 cells, which drive asthma and allergies. This finding offers new hope for treating allergic asthma patients by targeting this pathway.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered that the protein Foxp1 plays a critical role in antibody responses, enabling rapid and effective immune system activation. Manipulating Foxp1 activity could provide a useful tool for boosting antibody responses to treat infectious diseases or suppressing them to treat autoimmune disorders.
Researchers discovered that Th2 immune cells produce a steroid called pregnenolone, which regulates their own proliferation and contributes to immune homeostasis. This finding confirms that immune cells are capable of producing steroids, a previously unknown mechanism.
A new study identifies three potential drug candidates for treating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. The researchers used genome analysis to target a specific molecule within immune cells that drives these diseases.
Scientists have identified low cholesterol levels in immune cells as a key factor in slowing HIV progression in some individuals. This discovery could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for preventing HIV disease progression.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have identified a novel interaction between Protein Kinase C-η and CTLA-4, a key immune checkpoint receptor. This finding may lead to new tumor immunotherapy strategies targeting CTLA-4.
Researchers have developed a novel treatment strategy that targets transplanted tissue, allowing over 70% of mice to accept transplants without lifelong immunosuppressive drugs. The approach also shows promise in treating autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes.
A novel approach to long-term tolerance in organ transplantation has been described by REGiMMUNE Corporation. The approach uses activated invariant natural killer T cells with costimulatory blockade to induce mixed chimerism, resulting in donor-specific tolerance.
The study reveals that beta-catenin increases in certain types of T cells, causing chronic inflammation in the intestine and colon, leading to cancer. The researchers also found that beta-catenin signaling alters the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory T cells.
In this study, researchers identified a unique regulatory T cell population in human skin that plays a crucial role in dampening the immune response against self-antigens. However, in inflamed skin, such as in psoriasis, this population is dysfunctional and fails to suppress autoimmunity.
A Johns Hopkins study found nearly half of HIV-infected teenagers and young adults delay treatment until their disease is advanced, putting them at risk for serious infections and long-term complications. Males and members of minority groups are more likely to show up in clinic with advanced infections.
Researchers found that all-trans retinoid acid enhances a key subset of T cells that promote immune system tolerance. This finding suggests the potential use of Vitamin A to treat autoimmune diseases and protect organ recipients.
Researchers found that a subset of immune cells expresses the multidrug transporter MDR1 and are linked to inflammation in Crohn's patients. These cells may play a major role in the development of steroid resistance, suggesting that steroid treatment itself may be responsible for their accumulation.
A protein complex named mTORC1 is essential for jumpstarting the immune response during the first 24 hours of an infection. It helps ensure that newly activated T cells have the energy needed to launch proliferation and produce specialized T cells.
Researchers identified a distinct Treg cell population expressing ICOS that predicts better clinical outcomes in melanoma patients treated with high-dose IL-2 therapy. A SOD1 pharmacological inhibitor reduced tumor growth in mice, suggesting inhibition of antioxidants as a viable chemotherapeutic option.
A study found that ICOS+ Treg populations expand after HD IL-2 treatment, predicting better clinical outcomes for patients. The distinct Treg population identified may help determine which patients benefit from high-dose IL-2 therapy.
Researchers found that loss of TSC1 in T cells disrupted the balance between regulatory and effector T cells, leading to severe inflammation. The study suggests that fine-tuning mTOR activity through regulators like TSC1 may be beneficial for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
A new study found that butyrate, a fatty acid produced by gut bacteria, induces the production of regulatory T cells in the gut, boosting the immune system. This discovery supports the use of butyrate as therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and may lead to personalized preventive medicine.
Researchers found ionizing radiation exposure promotes formation of fusion oncogenes in papillary thyroid cancers. In another study, the origin of lethal prostate cancer was traced back to a small, low-grade focus in the primary tumor. Additionally, reduced reactive oxygen species production in diabetic kidneys may contribute to diseas...
Researchers found that Itch maintains the stability of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which promotes Th2 inflammatory responses and severe airway inflammation in mice. This study highlights the importance of Itch in regulating immune responses and preventing allergic diseases.
A recent study by Kaiser Permanente found that individuals with low recorded CD4 cell counts have a higher risk of heart attacks compared to HIV-negative subjects. However, those with high CD4 cell counts had the same risk as the general population.
A recent study by La Jolla Institute scientist Shane Crotty found that follicular helper T (Tfh) cells play a key role in generating broad neutralizing antibodies against HIV. The research showed a correlation between Tfh cell levels and antibody response, suggesting these cells may serve as an indicator for vaccine development.
Researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia developed a new approach to cancer immunotherapy by adjusting the function of immune cells. They showed that inhibiting the enzyme p300 can reduce Treg cell function and limit tumor growth in mice, offering potential for anti-tumor therapy.
Researchers at Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research found that lymph nodes in certain locations produce more regulatory T cells, which mediate tolerance to harmless substances. This 'location-specific memory' is crucial for maintaining the balance of the immune system and preventing autoimmune diseases.
Researchers tracked the movement of specialized cells to shed light on the immune system's response to invading pathogens. The study found that T follicular helper cells continually move between germinal centers within lymph nodes, potentially enhancing antibody production.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered a way to target the immune system to shrink or eliminate tumors in mice without causing autoimmune problems. The mechanism focuses on regulatory T cells and proteins semaphorin-4a (Sema4a) and neuropilin-1 (Nrp1).
Researchers have uncovered the cell death processes that determine regulatory T cell numbers, which can lead to better treatments for autoimmune diseases. The discovery of Bcl-2 family proteins as determinants of regulatory T cell numbers offers new ways to control these cells and potentially suppress autoimmune disease.
Researchers found that mTORC1 serves as a rheostat to control regulatory T cells, which suppress the immune system's inflammatory response. The study challenges prior understanding of the mTOR pathway's role in regulating specialized T cells.
A team of scientists at Scripps Research Institute identified a family of tiny RNA molecules that work as powerful regulators of the immune response in mammals. These RNA molecules enable the differentiation of T cells into follicular helper T cells, which assist B cells in producing antibodies.
Researchers discovered that targeting CTLA-4 and OX-40 proteins on regulatory T cells can help eliminate cancer cells. Mice treated with antibodies against these proteins had smaller tumors and improved survival, including clearance of brain metastases.
Researchers found that estrogen and interleukin-6 collude to cause immune cell misconduct and fuel autoimmune liver damage. Female mice with intact ovaries developed worse liver damage than those without ovaries, suggesting a key role for estrogen in the condition.
The thymus teaches the immune system to ignore essential gut bacteria, reducing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Researchers found that regulatory T cells come from the thymus and can recognize both self- and non-self-antigens.
A new study by McGill University researchers finds that bone marrow transplantation treatment reduces MS relapse activity by diminishing Th17 cell function. The treatment has been shown to be effective in patients with aggressive forms of MS, providing new insights into the disease's mechanisms.
Researchers have made a surprising connection between autoimmunity and salt consumption, highlighting the interplay of genetics and environmental factors. The study's findings could lead to new ways to regulate T helper 17 cells and their function in autoimmune diseases.
A study by the Broad Institute's Klarman Cell Observatory reveals a link between Th17 cells, autoimmunity, and salt consumption, highlighting the interplay of genetics and environmental factors in disease susceptibility. The research provides new avenues for regulating these cells to prevent or treat autoimmune diseases.
A study found that high salt intake can induce aggressive immune cells involved in triggering and sustaining autoimmune diseases. This is the result of increased sodium chloride leading to a dramatic induction of Th17 immune cells, which play a pivotal role in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.
A subset of regulatory T cells has been identified that can remove pathogenic T cells, inhibiting disease progression in RA-like conditions. Small proteins have also been found to induce more of these beneficial T cells.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have developed a new approach to treating autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Infusing CD8+ Treg cells into arthritis-prone mice shut down the inflammatory cascade that damages tissues and joints, significantly slowing disease progression.
Researchers found that healthy adults acquire a memory of microbes they've never encountered before, which could explain childhood vulnerability and vaccination effectiveness. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that immune memory only develops upon exposure.
Researchers have discovered that mature CD4+ helper T lymphocytes can reprogram into killer-like CD8+ T lymphocytes, gaining killing functions. This unexpected plasticity expands the functional capabilities of CD4+ T cells, suggesting they may play a direct protective role in immune responses.
The study found that CD4 helper T cells can transform into killer cells by overcoming a suppression mechanism triggered by a transcription factor. This transformation enables the helper cells to take on the role of killer cells in mounting an immune attack against viruses, cancerous tumors, and other damaged or infected cells.
Scientists at Northwestern University have identified a subset of immune cells called T-regulatory (Treg) cells in human colon cancer that can either protect against or promote tumor growth. The presence of the protein RORγt is key to this differentiation.
A study found that antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the HIV-positive partner in a serodiscordant couple significantly reduces HIV transmission rates, with a 26% relative reduction. However, the protective effect of ART seemed to only last for one year.
Research reveals IkBNS promotes formation of Foxp3, key feature of regulatory T cells, and influences NFkB family of transcription factors. Manipulating IkBNS could lead to therapeutic breakthroughs for autoimmune diseases and inflammation.