Articles tagged with Placebos
A weight loss drug, lorcaserin, does not increase the risk of cardiovascular events, according to a study that enrolled over 12,000 adults. The trial found noninferiority of lorcaserin for major adverse cardiovascular events compared to placebo after three years.
A new study published in The BMJ found that decompression surgery for shoulder impingement syndrome offers no greater relief from pain than placebo surgery. Two years after the procedure, patients in both groups experienced equally little shoulder pain and were equally satisfied with their situation.
A randomized clinical trial found that monthly high-dose vitamin D supplementation without calcium did not reduce cancer risk among adults. The study analyzed data from 2,558 participants who received the supplement and 2,550 participants in a placebo group.
Researchers have developed an algorithm that predicts which individuals with depression are most likely to benefit from antidepressant medications. The study found that approximately one-third of participants responded meaningfully to medication, while the remaining two-thirds showed no significant improvement.
Researchers have developed a new ALS therapy that extends survival and reverses signs of neuromuscular damage in mice and rats with SOD1 mutations. The investigational drug, an antisense oligonucleotide, has shown impressive effects in preclinical trials.
Researchers have found that canakinumab significantly reduced the rate of gout flares in patients with stable atherosclerosis by more than half. Serum urate levels were not affected by canakinumab, but it was shown to reduce high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels.
A phase 2 study found that AMG 714 reduced symptoms and intestinal damage in celiac patients exposed to gluten. The drug was shown to protect against accidental gluten contamination, a frequent occurrence among patients following a gluten-free diet.
Dupilumab alleviates asthma symptoms and improves lung function in moderate to severe asthma patients. The drug significantly reduced asthma exacerbations by half in some patients, with improved rates of emergency room visits and hospitalizations.
A randomized placebo-controlled study found that CPAP treatment significantly lowered resting heart rates during the day and night in patients with OSA and prediabetes. The effects were comparable to those of beta blockers, which block stress hormones and raise heart rates.
Research from the University of Adelaide found that high-dose vitamin B6 supplements improved dream recall in participants. The study revealed no effects on vividness, bizarreness, or sleep patterns, suggesting a potential role for vitamin B6 in lucid dreaming and controlling dreams.
A new migraine treatment, erenumab, has shown significant promise in reducing headache frequency by over 50% in nearly a third of participants. The study found that erenumab reduced monthly migraine headaches by more than 50% for those who had tried up to four other preventative treatments without success.
A new study found that a nasal spray formulation of ketamine significantly improves depression scores and decreases suicidal ideation within four hours. However, the effects were not sustained at 25 days. The researchers call for additional research on the potential for abuse and the need for effective controls.
A new randomized clinical trial found that omega-3 fatty acid supplements were no more effective than placebo in alleviating dry eye symptoms. The study enrolled 535 participants and revealed that even the highest dose of omega-3 supplements did not improve outcomes for participants.
A well-controlled trial found that omega-3 fatty acid supplements taken orally proved no better than placebo at relieving symptoms or signs of dry eye. Despite insufficient evidence establishing the effectiveness of omega-3s, clinicians and patients have been inclined to try the supplements for various conditions, including dry eye.
A review of vitamin D research highlights ethical concerns with placebo groups in clinical trials, particularly in vulnerable populations. The authors propose solutions and recommend guidelines for the use of placebos to mitigate risks and ensure informed study design.
Researchers found that pairing immunosuppressive drugs with a stimulus significantly reduced T cell proliferation in renal transplant patients. This 'learned' behavior may enhance immunopharmacological treatment strategies.
A randomised trial found that high doses of ivermectin can kill mosquitoes feeding on humans for at least 28 days. Adding ivermectin to community-wide antimalarial treatment campaigns could boost impact by up to 61 percent, reducing malaria prevalence in areas with low transmission rates.
A new drug, siponimod, has been shown to slow the progression of disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis for the first time. The trial involved 1645 patients and found that those given siponimod had a 21% lower risk of disability worsening compared to placebo.
A study published by the Endocrine Society found that oral micronized progesterone significantly decreased daytime and nighttime hot flashes and night sweats in perimenopausal women. The treatment was well-tolerated with no increased serious or drug-related side effects reported.
A study of 302 postmenopausal women found that prescribed vaginal estradiol hormone tablets and over-the-counter vaginal moisturizer didn't improve symptom relief or sexual function compared to a placebo. The researchers conclude that a better understanding of the underlying mechanism is needed to develop more effective treatments.
A clinical trial found that vaginal estrogen tablets, moisturizers, and a placebo gel all improved vaginal discomfort symptoms. However, the study suggests that better treatment options are needed for postmenopausal women, who experience significant quality-of-life effects from these symptoms.
A new study suggests that semaglutide, a compound mimicking the hormone glucagon-like peptide 1, can aid in significant weight loss for individuals with obesity but without diabetes. Participants receiving semaglutide lost an average of 6-13% of their body weight, with higher doses resulting in greater weight reductions.
A study published in Anesthesiology found that intravenous amisulpride significantly reduced post-operative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients when used in combination with an anti-nausea treatment. Amisulpride showed a statistically significant reduction in PONV occurrence, without increasing the frequency of adverse events.
Patients treated with beta blocker metoprolol for 30 days before and after noncardiac surgery were less likely to have heart attacks, but more likely to die or have strokes one year later. The study found that the benefits of beta blockers in reducing heart attacks did not outweigh the increased risk of death or stroke.
Patients with critical limb ischemia treated with JVS-100 did not experience faster wound healing compared to those receiving a placebo, despite being in a highly monitored environment. The study's findings highlight the need for additional therapies to aid patients' recovery.
A study found that women with breast cancer who took the beta blocker carvedilol during chemotherapy had lower levels of a protein indicative of heart injury, but no difference in heart function. The study's lead author notes that further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore potential benefits for higher-risk patients.
A large trial found that statins significantly reduced major adverse cardiac events among patients undergoing PCI, but not in the broader population. Patients who received a loading dose of statin before PCI were 28% less likely to experience a major adverse cardiac event and 32% less likely to have a heart attack.
The study found that alirocumab reduced rates of major adverse cardiovascular events by 15% compared to placebo, with a greater effect in patients with highest LDL cholesterol levels. The drug also showed significant safety and tolerability profiles.
In an open-label study, nearly 90% of participants used the vaginal ring at least some of the time, with a rate of HIV infection half of what would be expected without the ring. The study found promising results for the desirability and effectiveness of the anti-HIV vaginal ring in real-world settings.
Children born to mothers taking metformin during pregnancy are at increased risk of having obesity or overweight, according to a new study. The research found that the medication crossed the placenta and affected fetal development, leading to higher BMI scores in children.
New research fails to support desvenlafaxine's effectiveness in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents. A recent study found that neither a low nor high dose of the medication was significantly more effective than placebo.
Researchers found hydroxychloroquine no more effective than placebo in relieving moderate to severe hand pain and radiographic osteoarthritis. The study's findings do not support the use of hydroxychloroquine as an alternative for patients with hand osteoarthritis, suggesting that tendon problems may be a major contributor to hand pain.
A new study by UCLA researchers found that daily consumption of curcumin improved memory and mood in people with mild, age-related memory loss. The study, which involved 40 adults aged 50-90, showed significant improvements in cognitive power and reduced amyloid and tau signals in the brain.
A new study found that taking a specially prepared blend of minerals and nutrients can significantly improve women's running performance. Women who took the supplement saw their 3-mile run times drop from 26.5 to 25.6 minutes, with improvements also seen in stationary bike distance covered and steps taken.
A year-long hormone therapy was more effective than placebo in preventing the onset of depressive symptoms among women without depression during menopause transition and early postmenopause. Women with recent stressful life events showed the greatest mood benefit from hormone therapy.
A study found that high doses of vitamin D significantly reduced arterial stiffness in a population with vitamin deficiency. The results suggest that vitamin D supplementation can be an effective treatment for improving cardiovascular health.
A recent study found that patients who received gabapentin before and after surgery were more likely to stop using opioids. The nonopioid pain medication may promote opioid cessation and prevent chronic opioid use.
A clinical trial found that combining an antibody drug with food desensitization treatment improved allergy relief for children with multiple food allergies. The treatment, omalizumab, showed promising results in reducing allergic reactions when introducing small amounts of trigger foods into their diet.
A new clinical trial found that combining oral immunotherapy with omalizumab increased the speed and safety of treating multiple food allergies in children. The study showed significant efficacy and safety improvements, allowing patients to tolerate more foods without severe reactions.
A new clinical trial shows that combining omalizumab with oral immunotherapy increases the ability of children with multiple food allergies to safely consume allergenic foods. The treatment resulted in over 80% of children being able to eat at least two grams of two or more foods without adverse reactions.
The phase III clinical trial showed that fremanezumab reduced the number of headache days by an average of 4.3 days with quarterly treatment and 4.6 days with monthly treatment. The therapy also demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with most common adverse event being irritation at injection site.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that common shoulder surgery does not provide significant relief from pain for people with shoulder impingement. Despite being slightly more effective than no treatment, the difference was small and unlikely to result in noticeable symptoms.
A skin patch containing a high dose of peanut protein reduced peanut sensitivity in 50% of patients compared to placebo, warranting further investigation. The 250-μg peanut patch showed significant efficacy in treating peanut allergy, suggesting potential for safer and more effective treatment.
A small-scale study suggests estrogen treatment after menopause can protect working memory needed for short-term cognitive tasks from the effects of stress. Women who received estrogen therapy performed better on memory tasks regardless of stress exposure.
A pilot study found Montmorency tart cherry juice significantly extended sleep time among senior insomniacs by 84 minutes. The study also showed reduced plasma levels of kynurenine with increased tryptophan levels, and inhibition of PGE2, a biomarker of inflammation.
Administering acetaminophen during surgery may reduce the incidence of postoperative shivering, a common side effect affecting up to half of patients. Acetaminophen significantly reduced shivering severity and body temperature in patients who received it compared to those receiving a placebo.
The oral semaglutide formulation resulted in significant improvements in glycemic control, with up to 90% of patients achieving an HbA1c level below 7%. Clinically relevant weight loss was also observed in up to 71% of patients.
A study published in JAMA found that the semaglutide pill resulted in better glycemic control than placebo over 26 weeks, with significant reductions in HbA1c levels. The oral formulation of semaglutide also showed comparable safety and weight loss benefits compared to the injectable form.
A new study found that increasing testosterone levels in young male traders causes them to bid up prices, leading to price bubbles and crashes. The researchers suggest limiting the risk taken by these traders to prevent biased decision-making.
Patients with bipolar disorder who received bright light therapy at midday experienced a higher remission rate of 68% compared to 22.2% on placebo, with significant reductions in depression scores and improvements in daily functioning.
A new study by Uppsala University researchers found that patients' expectations significantly influence the efficacy of SSRI antidepressants. In a double-blind study, patients who received correct information about their medication showed three times more responders than those given incorrect information.
Researchers found significant reductions in fatigue severity in people with MS who underwent transcranial direct current stimulation. The treatment, which is non-invasive and can be delivered remotely, showed promise in improving fatigue levels and quality of life for patients.
A study of 121 people with Parkinson's disease found that consuming three cups of coffee per day did not improve movement symptoms. The researchers concluded that caffeine cannot be recommended as therapy for movement symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Researchers found that open-label placebos can be effective in treating physical complaints such as chronic back pain and migraine. The placebo effect is enhanced when participants are given a clear explanation of how it works, suggesting that a narrative plays a crucial role.
Long-term follow-up of postmenopausal women using hormone therapy found no association with overall or cause-specific mortality. The study, published in JAMA, analyzed data from the Women's Health Initiative trials and included over 27,000 participants.
A new antibody treatment has been shown to reduce the rate of exacerbations by nearly 20% in patients with a subgroup of treatment-resistant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study found that patients with high eosinophil counts benefited more from the treatment, indicating a potential biomarker for the disease.
The PACIFIC trial showed that durvalumab improved progression-free survival in patients with locally advanced, unresectable stage II-III NSCLC, decreasing the probability of disease progression by 48%. Durvalumab also reduced treatment-related adverse events and improved overall response rates.
The LORELEI trial found that adding taselisib to letrozole before surgery improved outcomes for patients with early breast cancer. Taselisib showed a significant increase in objective response rate and worked particularly well in patients with PIK3CA mutant cancer cells.
A study found that transdermal estrogen therapy improved sexual function in early postmenopausal women, but oral conjugated equine estrogens did not show the same benefits. The treatment also reduced pain and increased lubrication compared to placebo.
The ORION 1 trial shows inclisiran lowers LDL cholesterol by -31.6% and -46.8% at one year with single and two dose regimens, respectively. The two dose regimen produced the greatest reductions in LDL cholesterol without side effects.