Articles tagged with Immune Receptors
A new study has identified the CCR2 gene as a key player in the progression of type 1 diabetes. The research found that lower blood levels of CCL-2, a ligand for CCR2, were associated with increased immune cell recruitment to the pancreas, leading to islet cell destruction.
Scientists from Japan discover IL-36Ra plays a pivotal role in wound healing, and Cl-amidine normalizes exacerbated I/R injury. The study's findings suggest IL-36Ra as a potential therapeutic target for cutaneous I/R injuries.
A new viral disease caused by Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has emerged, threatening global tomato production. ToBRFV overcomes the durable Tm-2² resistance gene, which had remained unbroken for over half a century.
A study found that people who form antibodies against the folded receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are protected from infection. However, 20% of those who recovered from Covid-19 fail to develop these antibodies.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital uncover key factors that enable immune cells to survive in tumor environments, including the chemokine CXCL16. This understanding may lead to more effective immunotherapies for cancer patients.
Scientists at the University of Southampton have found that TNF receptor activation requires receptor clustering, but smaller clusters with higher density activate receptors better than larger ones. This discovery could guide future development of therapeutic antibodies targeting TNF receptors.
A study by University of Copenhagen researchers reveals how sugar molecules bind to cell receptors, activating the immune system in autoimmune diseases. The discovery also sheds light on the development of Alzheimer's disease, identifying a potential natural sugar that binds to the Siglec-3 receptor.
Researchers found that calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and T lymphocytes, regulating cytokine secretion, chemotaxis, and ligand delivery. This receptor also contributes to the development of several diseases, including sepsis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, and rheumatism.
A new longitudinal analysis of 254 COVID-19 patients reveals that IgA and IgM antibodies disappear quickly during convalescence, while IgG antibodies persist but decline slowly. The study's findings may impact seroprevalence studies and raise questions about vaccination durability.
Researchers at the University of Cologne have discovered the molecular mechanism of plant immune receptors, revealing a common structural principle to trigger intracellular immune signals and cell death. The study found that activated protein forms a tetramer, which creates a unique surface necessary for defence signal triggering.
Researchers explore the role of cannabinoids in limiting secondary damage of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), where inflammation can accelerate after initial injury. By inhibiting an enzyme that worsens TBI outcomes, cannabinoids may help restore a healthy balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses.
Researchers found that bats lack AIM-2 receptors, which could reduce inflammation and allow viral reservoirs. In vitro experiments showed partial restoration of inflammasome signaling when human AIM-2 genes were introduced into bat cells.
Legume plants use LysM receptor proteins to recognize symbiotic and pathogenic microbes, triggering antimicrobial defense or symbiosis. Researchers identified key residues that separate immune from symbiotic receptors, enabling reprogramming of LysM receptors.
Researchers found a polymorphism associated with protective effects against major depressive disorder in women. Microglial cells' immune receptors may play a role in neuropsychiatric disorders.
A study by Indiana University researchers found that two immune receptors, Dectin-1 and TLR2, work together to trigger an inflammatory response against fungal infections. The discovery could lead to new treatments for diseases and improve cancer immunotherapies.
A recent study has solved the first structures of a full-length plant NLR protein, uncovering previously unknown mechanisms of this important class of immune receptors. The researchers found that plant NLRs form oligomeric complexes called resistosomes, which are essential for disease resistance and hypersensitive cell death-triggering.
Researchers found that multiple variants of the same resistance gene can bind dissimilar pathogen proteins in distantly related plant species, enabling direct recognition of disease-causing fungi. This discovery has significant implications for generating disease-resistant crops and could lead to rationally designed synthetic receptors.
The study reveals that the CEACAM3 receptor, found only in humans and our closest relatives, evolves rapidly to counter specialized bacterial pathogens. This molecular arms race shows a fierce competition between the human immune system and bacterial pathogens.
The iReceptor Plus consortium, led by Bar-Ilan University, aims to develop an innovative platform for integrating distributed genomic datasets to improve personalized medicine and immunotherapy in various diseases.
Researchers at Michigan State University discovered that faulty SLAMF7 receptors can lead to chronic immune activation and disease-related complications in HIV patients. The finding suggests a new angle for targeting immune activation and could lead to novel drug treatments.
A study published in PNAS found that the Mincle receptor initiates an antibacterial response to Group A Streptococcus upon recognition of MGDG, an anchor of lipoteichoic acid. The receptor plays a critical role in the immune response to GAS and may provide a therapeutic option by increasing antibacterial immunity.
Scientists at the University of Münster have decoded a mechanism that regulates the release of S100A8/S100A9 protein complexes, which can trigger or amplify inflammatory reactions. The researchers aim to develop new treatment options for autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders with fewer side effects.
Scientists investigate TRPV1 receptor, found in immune cells, as potential target for TBI recovery. Activating TRPV1 may balance macrophage populations and promote M2s, reducing lingering inflammation and improving cognition.
Scientists used AI technology to create a map of T-cell receptor diversity, discovering that patients with cancer who have a greater variety of receptors may be more likely to respond to immunotherapy. The research suggests that this variation in receptors could be key to improving treatment outcomes
Ozanimod demonstrated a significant reduction in new or enlarging T2 lesions over one year, as well as slowed brain volume loss, compared to Avonex in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. The findings pave the way for ozanimod to enter the New Drug Approval process with the FDA.
Researchers have discovered a critical role for type III interferon signaling in controlling Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) infection, particularly in preventing viral brain invasion and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity. This finding provides new insights into the complex mechanisms regulating YFV infection.
A team of researchers has identified a novel regulatory mechanism that controls how plants defend themselves against pathogens. The study reveals how endogenous plant peptides regulate the formation of immune receptor complexes, leading to appropriate initiation of plant immune responses.
Researchers have identified a new receptor in Drosophila flies that detects bacterial infections and triggers an immune response. The discovery adds to our understanding of the insect's innate immunity and provides insights into the human immune system.
Researchers at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem show for the first time how bacterial superantigen toxins work and how short peptides can block them. A novel host-oriented therapeutic approach prevents lethal immune responses, remaining effective against antibiotic-resistant strains.
A new study reveals that food components can significantly influence the intestinal immune system by binding to an important controller, the Ah receptor. The researchers found that the interaction between the Ah receptor and its repressor is crucial for balancing the immune response.
Researchers at Joint BioEnergy Institute have identified a bacterial protein called RaxX that activates rice plant's immune response to Xanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae, the pathogen causing bacterial blight. This discovery has important implications for future grass-type biofuel feedstocks and the worldwide supply of rice.
A new study led by UC Davis experts found that rice can receive receptor proteins from a different plant species to boost its immune system. This could lead to increased disease resistance and improved crop yields, benefiting the world's staple food population.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding plant disease resistance by revealing how plant immune receptors interact at an atomic level. The study found that dual-protein recognition systems are crucial for recognizing specific molecules from pathogens and activating defense mechanisms.
A team of researchers at the Technical University of Munich has identified a receptor that limits the immune response to uric acid crystals, preventing overreaction and damaging healthy tissue. The discovery sheds light on the fundamental mechanism by which the immune system recognizes crystalline structures.
Scientists have found a novel way in which plants perceive pathogens to activate immunity, opening the door to improving crop disease resistance. The discovery reveals that phosphorylation of an amino acid called tyrosine is key for activating plant immune receptors.
A research team at the University of Bonn discovered a novel receptor that allows the immune system to recognize dangerous invaders and elicits an immune response. This receptor is found in Europeans but not in early men, suggesting it was inherited from Neanderthals.
Researchers have discovered how plants recognize and respond to bacterial proteins, leading to the development of crops with enhanced immunity. This breakthrough has significant implications for increasing crop yields and improving food quality worldwide.
A team of researchers at the Weizmann Institute has discovered how immune cells produce a wide range of receptors to fight different diseases. By analyzing the genetic sequences of lymphocyte receptors in mice, they found that the flexibility and length of DNA segments play a crucial role in determining the likelihood of two distant se...
A study published in Molecular Medicine found that blocking the GRP receptor reduces extreme immune response elements and reveals a new inflammatory pathway. The research also shows that patients with septic shock have higher levels of GRP, which may explain their multiple organ dysfunctions.
Researchers have discovered how opioid drugs like morphine create an inflammatory response in the brain by activating an immune receptor. This breakthrough could lead to new therapeutic drugs that improve morphine's effectiveness while reducing its problematic side effects.
A team of researchers at Hebrew University has discovered a way to block superantigen toxins that cause fatal immune storms. They created protein decoys that mimic the contact domain between superantigens and CD28 receptors, effectively inhibiting the immune response.
Researchers have discovered strikingly similar immune defense systems in plants and animals, including receptors that recognize and bind to specific molecules on invading organisms. This knowledge can lead to new drug targets for deadly bacteria with no effective treatments.
Researchers found that anthrax bacteria use CMG2 receptors to impair the scavenging action of neutrophils and macrophages, allowing the bacteria to multiply and overwhelm the body's defenses. Studying genetically modified mice revealed that mice without CMG2 receptors on immune cells were completely resistant to infection.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered a method for desensitizing the immune system to certain food proteins, potentially alleviating symptoms for millions suffering from severe allergies. The discovery involves targeting a specific receptor on immune cells using sugar-modified protein.
A new study found that DC-SCRIPT has prognostic value in breast cancer, regulating nuclear receptor activity and affecting tumor behavior. Lower DC-SCRIPT expression levels were associated with poorer outcomes in ER- and/or PR-positive tumors.
Researchers at UAB have discovered the genetic identity of a cellular receptor for the immune system's first-response antibody, shedding light on infection control and immune disorders. The discovery proposes renaming the gene linked to this receptor to better describe its role in early immune responses.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has awarded contracts to discover novel vaccine adjuvants. The goal is to enhance the immune response and extend vaccine supply. Researchers will test new compounds in animal models and human cells.
Researchers found seven different receptors on T cells that can tamp down immune responses, leading to exhaustion. Blocking multiple inhibitory receptors, such as PD-1 and LAG-3, improved T cell responses and viral control.
A study published in PLoS Medicine explores the brain drain of doctors from Pakistan to the West. The authors argue that some Pakistani medical graduates who emigrate for higher training abroad have every intention of returning to their homeland with new expertise and knowledge, which can benefit the country's healthcare system.
Researchers at University of Pittsburgh successfully prevented type 1 diabetes in mice treated with an anti-CD137 antibody. The therapy significantly suppressed the development of diabetes, but did not appear to cure it.
Researchers find that different antibody isotypes bind to specific receptors on immune cells, determining their effectiveness in fighting tumors and viruses. The discovery opens up new possibilities for improving antibody-mediated cancer therapy and viral treatment.
Research suggests that individuals with more inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) have a decreased risk of developing cervical cancer. Activation of NK cells is thought to contribute to cancer progression by increasing local inflammation, which has been linked to the development of other types of cancer.
A USF/UCLA study shows that healthy humans who smoke marijuana alter the expression of marijuana receptors on immune cells in their blood. The findings suggest that cannabinoids might benefit someone with chronic inflammatory disease but not those with a chronic infectious disease like HIV infection.
Researchers discover immune proteins that viruses once exploited have evolved to call in attacks against their former exploiters. This finding suggests that the immune system may be turning the tables on pathogens, and could lead to new strategies for fighting viral infections.
Researchers propose a blood test to diagnose schizophrenia by measuring the levels of mRNA molecules encoding D3 dopamine receptors on white blood cells. This test may help assess the biological basis of the disease, which is still unknown.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have identified an intracellular target for an antimicrobial molecule, which may lead to the development of new antibiotics tailored to specific disease-causing bacteria. The discovery provides hope for combating antibiotic resistance, a growing threat to human health.
Scientists at Northwestern University have identified the structure of the interaction complex between two molecules central to the allergic response in humans. The discovery could lead to a new class of drugs that target allergies at their source, preventing symptoms like itching and congestion.
Scientists have found a genetic switch that helps calm anxiety in mice, revealing the role of Crhr2 receptor in reducing stress response. The discovery provides an initial motivation for further dissecting potential drug discovery programs.
The Phase I/II study of NUVANCE in adult patients with moderate asthma demonstrated the potential of IL-4 inhibition to improve lung function and control asthma symptoms. Dr. Jonathan Corren and Dr. Jan Agosti presented results at the AAAAI Annual Meeting.
A research group from Purdue University analyzed the interaction between poliovirus and its receptor, finding that it uses a similar site to bind as human rhinoviruses. The study provides new insights into how viruses selectively attach to receptors and may suggest ways for developing drugs to prevent illnesses caused by viral pathogens.