Articles tagged with Antigens
A randomized clinical trial found that PSA screening compared to no routine screening resulted in a small reduction in prostate cancer deaths after 15 years. The absolute reduction in deaths was modest, but the finding suggests potential benefits of PSA screening.
Integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prostate cancer screening pathways is associated with reduced unnecessary biopsies and overdiagnosis. MRI maintains clinically significant prostate cancer detection, reducing harm from overtreatment.
Researchers unveil innovative strategies to overcome metabolic constraints in CAR-T cell therapy, aiming to boost its efficacy in treating solid tumors. Metabolic interventions targeting immunosuppressive metabolites, metabolite uptake, and mitochondrial metabolism are proposed to enhance anti-tumor activity.
Research from UCSF found COVID antigens lingering in blood up to 14 months and tissue samples for over two years after infection. The persistence of these fragments may drive long COVID symptoms and associated risks.
The VPNVax platform utilizes a modular approach to create viromimetic polymer nanoparticle vaccines with enhanced surface valence, demonstrating improved immune stimulatory effects. The research offers new insights into designing the next generation of VLP vaccines with increased durability and versatility.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine-led study found rapid antigen tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 can be used at home with accuracy comparable to clinician-administered tests. The study involved nearly 1,000 patients and showed that self-administered rapid tests rivaled clinician-administered tests in both sensitivity and specificity.
Researchers created a DNA-based vaccine that mimics the structure of a virus, inducing a strong antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine uses a DNA scaffold carrying viral proteins, allowing the immune system to focus on the target antigen.
Researchers designed a synthetic antigen with high expression levels and stability, offering potential for quick adaptation to new variants. The vaccine candidate triggered strong immune response in animal models and showed enhanced protective efficacy.
Scientists have developed a new system to display epitopes in mammal cells for immunization studies, potentially speeding up the immunization process. This method allows for targeted immune responses against specific viral proteins without the need to purify antigens.
Researchers found that BCMA-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plasma levels correlated with myeloma patient responses to belantamab-mafodotin therapy. High EV levels preceded FLC progression and were associated with mafodotin-induced eryptosis.
A research team has introduced a spectrum of potential adjuvants, including α-GalCer analogs with improved activity. The new compounds trigger stronger immune responses in mice, with some demonstrating better adjuvant properties than previously optimized variants.
Researchers found that tumor-resident T-cell receptor sequences showed high complementarity with the cancer testis antigen DDX53, suggesting an immune response that selects for DDX53-negative cells. This association was correlated with worse disease-free survival rates, highlighting a potential early esophageal cancer antigen.
Novel vaccine candidates using Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigens (COBRAs) protect against multiple influenza B strains, including those from different lineages. These vaccines show long-lasting protection, potentially reducing the need for yearly updates.
Researchers used AI to identify 2 promising antigens as candidates for a gonorrhea vaccine, which accurately predicted reduction of bacterial populations. The antigens were tested in lab and animal models, showing efficacy in killing bacteria and decreasing bacterial burden.
The team created a glycoengineering platform that simplifies the production of customized sugar carbohydrates, known as glycans, which play a crucial role in various therapeutic applications. This innovation enables the engineering of new glycans with unprecedented flexibility, addressing limitations in existing approaches.
Researchers at Columbia University have engineered tumor-colonizing bacteria to produce synthetic targets that direct CAR-T cells to destroy cancer cells. The probiotic-guided CAR-T cell platform has shown safety and effectiveness in multiple models of human and mouse cancers.
A groundbreaking study sheds light on the intricate mechanism behind the immune system's ability to differentiate between self and non-self antigens. Continuous activation of self-reactive T cells is essential for maintaining equilibrium and self-tolerance through regulatory T cells.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst team demonstrates a protein antigen from a childhood vaccine can be delivered into malignant tumor cells to refocus the immune system against cancer. The bacteria-based intracellular delivering system shows promise in treating pancreatic, liver, and metastatic breast tumors.
Researchers found that antigen testing significantly reduces the probability of cluster occurrence by identifying and isolating infected persons. However, it may not be effective against highly infectious mutant strains like Omicron, highlighting the need for booster vaccination campaigns and other infection control measures.
A new vaccine candidate has shown protection against a range of coronaviruses, including current and future variants, by targeting the critical regions of the virus that it needs to complete its life cycle. The vaccine technology, developed at the University of Cambridge, aims to provide broad-based protection against emerging viruses.
A team of scientists has developed a method to detect thousands of lipid molecules displayed to T cells in the human immune system. The study reveals rules about lipid size, shape, and chemical content that influence T cell responses.
A new study found that individuals vaccinated with the newer pertussis vaccine show similar immune responses to antigens present and absent from the vaccine, suggesting that asymptomatic infections drive T cell response. This could lead to the spread of the bacteria to vulnerable populations.
Researchers developed a novel vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 by selecting antigen variants with low binding affinity, resulting in higher neutralizing antibody concentrations. This design strategy may also improve vaccine efficacy for other coronaviruses and herpes viruses.
CEPI and HMRI collaborate to leverage AI technology for faster vaccine development. The partnership aims to identify epitopes that stimulate the immune system, enabling swift clinical testing.
A novel biomaterials-based approach enhances adoptive T cell therapy with cancer vaccine technology, providing strong and long-lasting effects against solid tumors. In mice carrying melanomas, SIVET enables fast tumor shrinking and long-term protection.
Researchers have developed a vaccine that enhances the response of engineered T cells and stimulates the immune system to generate new T cells targeting other tumor antigens. This approach increases the likelihood of tumor eradication in solid tumors like glioblastoma, with a success rate of up to 80% in mice.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have developed an innovative adhesive bandage that can quickly detect COVID-19 antibodies in the bloodstream. The test uses gold nanoparticles to recognize and bind to IgM and IgG antibodies, providing users with critical information about their immune response to the infection.
CHOP researchers have developed stable, universal MHC-I molecules that can be produced rapidly at scale, allowing for the development of effective and universal immunotherapies. These engineered MHC-I molecules promote peptide exchange across multiple HLA allotypes, covering various forms.
Researchers analyzed BORIS mutations and protein expression in breast cancer tissue samples, finding frequent mutations associated with breast carcinoma progression. The study suggests the BORIS gene as a potential biomarker for breast cancer.
A large genome-wide association study identified novel PSA-associated variants and developed a polygenic score to correct for genetic variations in PSA levels. This approach improved biopsy referral decisions, reducing unnecessary procedures while detecting more aggressive tumors.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have found that T cells can recognize shared viral targets between multiple coronaviruses, including common cold coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. This cross-reactivity could be harnessed to develop vaccines that protect against multiple types of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine-led team identified protein fragments that stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack HIV. The study's technique, called reductionist cell-free antigen processing, replicates the complex events in the human immune system, enabling the identification of immunodominant epitopes.
Researchers developed a computational platform called IRIS to discover tumor antigens from alternative RNA splicing, expanding cancer immunotherapy targets. Hundreds of predicted TCR targets were found to be presented by human leukocyte antigen molecules.
Researchers from China explore the mechanisms of action and clinical data of bispecific antibodies, which have shown promise in increasing cytotoxicity against cancerous cells and enhancing immune response towards tumor clearance. Several bsAbs are being evaluated in phase I-III clinical trials for lung cancer treatment.
The LY6 gene family has been found to be overexpressed in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), leading to poor patient survival. Several LY6 genes have been identified as potential tumor-associated antigens and biomarkers for UCEC detection and prognosis.
A new study finds that rare helper T cells called Th9 can drive allergic disease and may hold the key to precision medicine approaches for treating severe allergies. Th9 cells are activated by specific transcription factors and can produce inflammatory cytokines without antigen stimulation.
Researchers at University of Pittsburgh have discovered a type of immune cell that drives chronic organ transplant failure and uncovered pathways to improve patient outcomes. Blocking IL-15 signaling has been shown to prolong graft survival in mouse kidney recipients, offering a promising therapeutic target.
A retrospective study found that elevated CA 19-9 and CEA levels were associated with worsened outcomes in duodenal adenocarcinoma patients. The study, which included 68 patients, suggests that these tumor markers may show promise as prognostic tools for this rare malignancy.
Research reveals that immune cells employ tactile sensing and mechanical force to advance their evolution, enhancing antigen recognition and memory diversity. This active process allows the immune system to adapt to new challenges while being plastic and adaptive against future threats.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a type of cell that plays a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment. The authors suggest that understanding CAFs is essential for developing effective cancer therapies. Research targeting CAFs has shown promise, but challenges remain due to their complex nature.
Researchers identified 1,068 transposable element-derived transcripts with potential to produce tumor antigens that could serve as targets for new immunotherapies. Many of these candidate proteins were present in multiple tumors and across tumor types, suggesting a universal antigen-based therapy.
Researchers found that after 96 weeks, some patients achieved loss of detectable HBsAg and reduced liver inflammation levels, indicating functional cure. The study suggests that discontinuing long-term antiviral therapy may be more effective than continuing it for certain patients.
Researchers found that neutrophils activated by T cell-based immunotherapy can kill tumor cells that evade targeted therapies. This unexpected antitumor response could lead to new immunotherapies that harness this potent immune mechanism.
Researchers discovered over 500 non-canonical protein-derived peptides that could be recognized by T-cells, but found no spontaneous immune response. Three novel T-cell receptors were identified for specific non-canonical HLA-I tumor ligands with promising tumor specificity.
A protein complex formed of HuR and YB1 is crucial for messenger RNA stability during muscle-fiber formation. Further research could help scientists influence protein synthesis and develop novel therapeutics for muscle-related pathologies.
A Scripps Research and eMed study found that COVID-19 rebound cases are more common than previously reported, affecting up to 14.2% of Paxlovid-treated patients and 9.3% of untreated patients. Rebound is measured by positive test results or symptom recurrence after initial clearance.
Researchers found that breath analysis may be a valuable tool for COVID-19 diagnosis, but emerging variants pose challenges to overcome. The study's results warrant further evaluation to improve the use of breath analysis in patient care.
Researchers found that severe herpesvirus infections can strongly activate host cellular immunity, leading to a therapeutic effect on refractory adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. This activation may play an important role in the survival of patients with this intractable disease.
CHOP researchers have identified variants of a chaperone molecule that can enhance the loading of peptides across different HLA types, which could be used in cell therapy and immunization applications. The study found that chicken-derived TAPBPR proteins can react with multiple HLA allotypes and stabilize the empty MHC-I groove, boosti...
A study found that an allele of the HLA Class 1 gene may protect individuals from severe COVID-19. The researchers compared the immune systems of patients in different waves of the pandemic and discovered a link between the HLA-A*01:01 allele and effective T-cell immunity against new variants.
A new Northwestern University study suggests that COVID-19 boosters may be less effective due to pre-existing antibodies from initial vaccinations. The study found that these antibodies can rapidly clear the booster from the body, limiting its efficacy. Increasing time between vaccinations is also beneficial for the immune response.
The addition of antioxidants to cell cultures can improve the production of monoclonal antibodies by reducing oxidative stress and increasing cell viability. This has potential benefits for therapies targeting cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers have developed a novel prognostic index to predict survival outcomes in gastric cancer patients. The inflammation-combined prognostic index (ICPI) combines three biomarkers - lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio - to provide a personalized prognosis for each patient.
Researchers explore CEACAM1, CEACAM5, and CEACAM6's pathological significance in cancer biology and immunology. The review highlights their interactions with pathogens and potential avenues for cancer therapy.
Men with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide experienced sharp reductions in PSA levels, leading to improved survival rates. A 50% decrease in PSA was associated with lower risk of metastases and longer survival time.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute developed a method to fine-tune CAR-T cell stimulation using artificial antigen-presenting scaffolds. This approach enhances consistency and potency of resulting CAR-T cell products, allowing for better cancer treatment outcomes.
Researchers develop eRapid sensor technology to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, enabling fast and multiplexed testing at the point-of-care. The device distinguishes between antibody types targeting different viral proteins with high sensitivity and specificity.
Researchers developed a vaccine platform that uses nanoscopic particles to deliver antigens, which can stimulate immune responses. The platform showed promise in early trials with mice, with improved survival rates against influenza and HIV.
Research from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that genetic analysis can identify up to 65% more A2 donors, increasing potential kidney transplants for recipient candidates with blood type B. This could improve availability and equity in kidney transplantation.
A new study provides evidence on when OAS occurs and how it impacts seasonal vaccines and booster shots. The findings suggest that boosting against a new strain can be effective if the new strain is sufficiently different from the previous one.