Articles tagged with Immune Response
Researchers at HSE University have discovered microRNA molecules that can bind to coronavirus genomes, slowing down their replication and potentially allowing the virus to delay an active immune response. The study found four families of human miRNAs with binding sites for all seven types of human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
Researchers discovered that parasitic and non-parasitic plants respond to quinones, a class of organic compounds. Non-parasitic plants produce a calcium signal in response to quinones, which triggers defensive responses against bacteria and other microbes.
Researchers found that UVB exposure expands regulatory T cells expressing proenkephalin and amphiregulin, promoting wound healing and keratinocyte growth. These PENK+UVB-skin Treg cells have a novel therapeutic potential for treating psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
Researchers found that olfactory sensory neurons can activate antiviral genes to fight off the virus, but at a higher level than other cell types. This unique response may be a brain-protective mechanism, allowing these cells to avoid being destroyed by the infection.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology developed a new microgel drug delivery method to improve pancreatic islet transplant success. The method uses an engineered biomaterial to deliver an immune-suppressing protein, reducing dosage and side effects.
The Cambridge-developed DNA vaccine candidate, DIOS-CoVax2, targets key regions of the virus to produce beneficial anti-viral responses. The vaccine aims to protect against SARS-CoV-2 and other related coronaviruses, with a potential for widespread use and low-cost manufacturing.
A team of researchers from the University of Melbourne has identified new mediators of immune exhaustion that may be targeted in therapies for cancer and severe viral infections. T cells can lose function within just a few days of severe infection, contrary to previous thought that it takes longer.
A study found that a bacteriophage infecting enterococcus bacteria stimulates an immune response improving the efficacy of cancer treatments. Administration of enterococcus containing the bacteriophage boosted T cell responses in mice, and its presence was associated with improved survival following PD-1 immunotherapy.
Researchers developed a test that shows transplant patients can form a good immune response to Sars-Cov-2, allowing for individualized adjustment of immunosuppression during Covid-19 infection. This is crucial for preventing severe infections in chronically ill patients with impaired immune defenses.
The study found that immune cells are produced in large quantities but their function is defective, leading to an ineffective immune response against the virus. In severe cases, immature cells with inhibitory effects on the immune response prevail.
Researchers found that anglerfishes with permanent attachments lack key immune molecules, leading to a severely blunted immune response. Instead, they rely on improved innate immune facilities to defend themselves against infections.
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin discovered a way to manipulate human immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tipping the balance in favor of patients. The study used an epigenetic inhibitor to release pro-inflammatory signals that aid in clearing the infection, promoting future vaccine strategies.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that immunity to influenza accumulates during childhood and declines after 40-50 years of age. The researchers developed novel metrics to define key features of antibody profiles, which provide valuable tools for analyzing complex immune responses.
A study by Emory Vaccine Center found that adjuvants can strengthen both rookie and veteran elements of the immune response to a vaccine containing H5N1. This has significant implications for developing universal flu vaccines against multiple strains, as well as optimizing responses against SARS-CoV-2.
Researchers have developed a technology to obtain microvesicles from human stem cells, showing significant biological activity and therapeutic potential. The induced microvesicles can reduce the intensity of immune response and may be used to treat inflammations and autoimmune syndromes.
Researchers identified an enhanced immune response to the H5N1 influenza virus in a two-dose vaccination trial. The findings suggest that this approach could lead to the development of a universal flu vaccine targeting multiple strains.
A novel and extremely efficient synthesis method has been developed for bioactive natural compounds with potential anti-cancer properties. The new method allows easier access to these substances, enabling further investigations into their biological activity and potential therapeutic applications.
The current serotype of dengue virus in Singapore has the ability to transform its structure, evading the host's immune response and making vaccines and therapeutics less effective. This poses a significant challenge for developing effective treatments and preventing dengue infections.
A case series of five MS patients with favorable outcomes after developing COVID-19 while taking teriflunomide reveals potential benefits of the drug in preventing excessive immune responses. The study suggests that teriflunomide may not need to be discontinued in patients with MS who develop an active COVID-19 infection.
Scientists have found that baboons exhibit a steep age-related cognitive decline, similar to humans, making them a potentially useful model for testing early therapeutic interventions. The findings provide insight into the breakdown of brain systems and may lead to better treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers reprogrammed T-cells to recognize proteins as part of the body, preventing autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis. The study's findings have important implications for treating autoimmune conditions and may lead to advances in overcoming autoimmunity.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have developed a strategy to identify regions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to target with a vaccine, employing cancer immunotherapies. They prioritize viral targets based on their ability to stimulate a lasting immune response, predicted to be in the vast majority of the human population.
A research team from Genethon has successfully inhibited the immune response induced by AAV antibodies, paving the way for repeated administration of gene therapy treatments. This breakthrough could enable treatment of rare genetic diseases and improve patient outcomes.
A new COVID-19 vaccine has demonstrated safety and a rapid immune response in a phase 1 clinical trial involving 108 healthy adults. The Ad5-nCoV vaccine produced virus-specific antibodies and T cells in 14 days, with the majority of recipients showing either a positive T cell response or had detectable neutralising antibodies against ...
Researchers created a new computational protein design approach called Topobuilder to engineer de novo immunogens with complex epitopes. The approach successfully generated a robust immune response against RSV in mouse and non-human primate models.
Researchers at University of Nottingham have developed biomaterials that can control the body's immune response, potentially reducing implant rejection rates. The new materials use surface shape and chemical composition to influence macrophage attachment and behavior.
Researchers identified a significant fraction of antibodies expressed by B cell plasmablasts circulating after DENV infection, particularly in individuals experiencing their first infection. This finding holds promise for developing new diagnostic tools and a safe, efficacious dengue vaccine.
A new study led by University of Kentucky researcher Sidney Whiteheart aims to understand how platelets function in hemostasis and during immune responses. The research may lead to therapies to regulate platelet activation and lessen the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with HIV1/AIDS or COVID-19.
Researchers at UC San Diego Health found that olfactory impairment suggests a milder clinical course in COVID-19. Patients who displayed no or mild symptoms were less likely to require hospitalization.
Researchers from TUM have identified a substance that worm larvae use to modulate the host's immune response, activating anti-inflammatory pathways and reducing inflammatory mediators. This active molecule shows promise as a new treatment for chronic airway inflammation in allergic asthma.
Scientists at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center report development of a potential universal vaccine for Ebola viruses. The new vaccine uses glycoproteins from two Ebola virus species and has shown promise in neutralizing all four pathogenic species, generating cross-reactive responses against multiple viruses.
Scientists at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered the unique structure and function of rotavirus VP3, a protein that integrates five enzymatic activities for capping mRNA. This breakthrough enables the design of antiviral drugs to counter rotavirus infection, which causes diarrhea in children worldwide.
Research at Shinshu University found that green tea consumption increases Flavonifractor plautii bacteria in the gut, leading to a suppressed Th2 immune response to food allergies. This study suggests that drinking green tea may be a potential anti-allergy probiotic.
Researchers created tiny biohybrid swimmers that can personalize drug delivery to treat tumors. The biohybrid swimmers, powered by genetically engineered E. coli MG1655 and red blood cell nanoerythrosomes, demonstrated a reduced immune response due to their nanoscale size.
Researchers at the Babraham Institute found that applying genital wart treatment can enhance the immune system of older mice and humans. By boosting T follicular helper cells, they were able to rescue age-dependent defects in immune cell types, offering hope for improving vaccination response in older populations.
Researchers identified peptides that trigger immune responses in multiple plant species, including citrus, potentially preventing or reducing yield loss from citrus greening. This discovery offers a new hope for the devastated citrus industry, where no resistant varieties are available and limited disease control measures exist.
Researchers at the University of Melbourne mapped immune responses from a patient with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms, showing the body's ability to recover from the infection. The study found that broad immune responses were associated with clinical recovery, similar to what is seen in seasonal influenza infections.
Researchers discovered that blood stem cells can drive a rapid and efficient immune response if previously exposed to LPS, mimicking an infection. The cells store immune response circuits in their DNA using C/EBP? factor, enabling a more efficient response upon subsequent infections.
Researchers discovered that jawless and jawed vertebrates share similar immune receptor gene structures despite independent evolution. The findings provide insight into the evolution of the adaptive immune system and its importance for human health.
The study reveals that jawless and jawed vertebrates share similar adaptive immune systems, despite independent evolution for over 500 million years. The researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 to disable a gene in lampreys, showing that they rely on a shared tool-kit to create antibodies.
A team of researchers has identified a membrane-associated protein crucial for human T-cell development and immune function. The study, published in Nature Communications, sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying rare genetic diseases that cause severe immune deficiencies.
Researchers discovered that immune cells count their neighbors before activating to avoid overreactions. This new understanding could lead to improved cancer immunotherapies and treatments for autoimmune diseases.
A team at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health has developed a new method that accurately predicts human disease outcomes based on gene expression in individuals infected with Ebola. The model uses machine learning and was tested on a data set collected from Ebola patients in western Africa, confirming its accuracy.
Researchers have developed a novel technique to isolate individual gut cells from mice infected with intestinal parasites, enabling the study of the immune response to these infections. The technique may help scientists understand how adult parasites evade the immune system and develop ways to boost the immune response.
Researchers discovered that shortly after a stroke, macrophages from the blood attack dead and adjacent healthy brain tissue. This process was hindered by inactivating the Cxcr4 gene, which acts like an antenna for inflammatory processes in the brain.
Researchers have discovered high levels of PFAS chemicals in the blood of Cape Fear River striped bass, which are associated with altered immune and liver functions. The study found elevated concentrations of PFOS and Nafion byproduct 2, particularly in smaller or younger fish, highlighting the unique properties of these chemicals.
A study found that childhood vaccine responses are shaped by geography, age, and anemia status. Children with anemia showed weaker immune responses to malaria vaccines in Tanzania and Mozambique.
Researchers charted immune system development in sub-Saharan African children to improve vaccine efficacy. Their findings suggest that a child's age, location, and health status influence their immune response to vaccines.
A new study found that immune system composition changes significantly during early childhood, with anaemia potentially reducing vaccine responses in low-income countries. The research, published in Science Translational Medicine, analyzed blood samples from children in Mozambique and Tanzania.
A vaccine clinical trial for pregnant women with malaria has shown promising results, demonstrating safety and an appropriate immune response. The PRIMVAC vaccine was found to be well-tolerated and induced antibodies capable of recognizing the Plasmodium falciparum parasite.
New research shows that feeding bluebirds can significantly impact parasitic nest flies and improve nestling survival. The study found that supplementing birds with food reduces the parasite load and improves antibody levels, which help kill the parasites. The timing of feeding is also crucial, with early feeding benefiting young birds...
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital developed mathematical models to predict how tumors may respond to immunotherapy and how adding other anti-cancer drugs could lead to improved treatment. The models suggest that normalization of the tumor microenvironment, including blood supply, could improve treatment efficacy.
A severely infected patient revealed a rare genetic variation in immune deficiency, linked to CMV control. Researchers sequenced the man's genes and found a mutation in NOS2, a critical component of macrophages that kill microbes.
A new method to produce cheaper, longer-lasting vaccines has been developed using a protein called polyhedrin. Researchers found that PH(1-110) particles stored as dry powder can still generate antibodies after up to twelve months of storage.
Researchers found that B-cell markers were associated with improved overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma and soft-tissue sarcomas. B cells located within specialized immune-cell clusters (TLS) were predictive of response to checkpoint blockade, suggesting a dynamic interaction between immune components.
Researchers found BPA exposure triggers an immune response that passes down through generations, leading to increased risk of allergic asthma. The study suggests that even after removal from the environment, descendants may still inherit changes in DNA expression that cause aberrant immune system activation.
Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center have identified a receptor on murine immune cells that activates a protective mechanism preventing unwanted immune responses against the body's own tissues. Dectin-1 binds to annexins on dying cells, suppressing the immune response and preventing autoimmune reactions.
A brief disruption to a molecular pathway in mice before birth compromises adult immunity to rotavirus, preventing antibody responses and interfering with gut cells that support antibody production.
A host sensor called AhR helps the immune system respond to bacterial infections by detecting and adapting to quorum sensing signals. This allows for tailored defense mechanisms against highly resistant pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
A recent study found that probiotics and prebiotics have distinct effects on the immune systems of male and female piglets, contradicting previous assumptions. This research highlights the importance of considering sex in nutritional trials and may lead to personalized treatment approaches for infants.