Articles tagged with Sars Cov 2
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Achieving classical herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may be unlikely due to virus mutations and asymptomatic transmission. However, widespread use of current public health interventions can control COVID-19 with minimal disruption.
The VIGICOVID system uses deep neural architectures to answer natural language questions about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. Researchers have developed a prototype that provides good results and can be easily scaled up for marketability.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2's spike protein is more stable and has a higher energy barrier for activation, allowing it to evade the human immune response. This difference in binding behavior contributes to its increased transmissibility and infectivity.
A Johns Hopkins-led study published in New England Journal of Medicine found that convalescent plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients can effectively treat outpatients, with a 54% reduced need for hospitalization. The therapy's effectiveness increases with earlier administration within five days after diagnosis.
Research reveals that interleukin-13 (IL-13) plays a crucial role in protecting cells against SARS-CoV-2, explaining why people with allergic asthma are less susceptible to severe COVID. The study found that IL-13 upregulates genes controlling glycoprotein synthesis and antiviral processes, reducing viral entry and replication.
Researchers found that prior infection with common human coronaviruses does not provide immunity against SARS-CoV-2 due to limited cross-reactive antibodies. This suggests no significant adverse effects from antibody-dependent enhancement, reducing the risk of COVID-19 complications.
Researchers at Temple University found that individuals with prior COVID-19 infection experienced rapid antibody production after the first vaccine dose, but showed little increase after the second dose. This contrasts with those without a history of infection, who exhibited massive responses after the second dose.
Katalin Karikó, a Hungarian-born biochemist, received the 2022 Vilcek Prize for Excellence in Biotechnology for her decades-long research leading to the development of safe and effective mRNA vaccines. Her work has had a profound impact on culture and society, particularly in the fight against COVID-19.
Researchers have developed a new compound that prevents and treats COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant in mice. The compound, N-0385, blocks entry at the cell surface without causing detectable cell damage.
The COVID-19 pandemic saw a decline in ischemic stroke presentations and treatments in Alberta, with more out-of-hospital stroke deaths. Researchers attribute the decrease to hospital avoidance during the pandemic.
A multicenter study found mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 N protein associated with increased viral loads and severe disease symptoms. The changes enabled the virus to hijack host cell translation machinery, leading to a life-threatening cytokine storm.
Researchers detect Sars-CoV-2 mRNA in human retina organoids, indicating infection of retinal cells. The virus also replicates in these cell types, with implications for 'Long Covid' pathologies.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have developed a novel strategy to identify potent miniature antibodies, so-called nanobodies, against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The approach led to the discovery of multiple nanobodies that effectively blocked infection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Researchers found that patients infected with the Alpha variant experienced different neurological and emotional symptoms compared to those infected with the original form of SARS-CoV-2. The study suggests that different COVID-19 variants may give rise to distinct long COVID symptoms.
Researchers found that people who had COVID-19 and then got vaccinated generated an immune response more specific to fighting viral infections, producing a broader antibody response. This hybrid immunity also produced a cellular immune response called Th1 response, which is antiviral.
A large-scale registry study found no association between COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and increased risk of preterm birth, growth retardation, or neonatal care. Vaccination was associated with a slightly lower risk of neonatal care and provided protection against COVID-19 for the newborn.
Researchers discovered that mice infected with tuberculosis are resistant to developing COVID-19, suggesting a potential protective effect against the virus. The findings may explain why double infections of both diseases are rare in humans and contribute to the high rates of infection for each disease individually.
Researchers at Yale have identified a remdesivir-resistant variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in an immunocompromised patient. The discovery raises concerns about drug resistance in COVID-19 patients, particularly those with weakened immune systems.
Researchers found that sulforaphane inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses in cells and mice, reducing viral burden by up to 50%. Sulforaphane also helps control immune response and protects against lung injury.
A booster dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine significantly increases antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, reversing a drop in immunity after two doses. In subjects given CoronaVac or Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines, the booster raised immunity by a factor of 25 and 7, respectively.
Researchers found that infants and toddlers had significantly higher levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 compared to adults. Children under 4 years old had the highest levels of RBD and neutralizing antibodies, indicating a strong immune response.
BGE-175 effectively prevents death in a mouse model of COVID-19 by reversing immune aging, suggesting its potential to protect elderly patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The drug restores the immune system to a more youthful state by blocking the PGD2-DP1 pathway.
Research in the Journal of Hepatology suggests that COVID-19 vaccines are unlikely to cause liver injury, but liver transplant patients may experience delayed care due to the pandemic. The study found that vaccinated patients with liver disease had a lower antibody response compared to healthy patients.
Genetic testing of saliva samples has been shown to be more quick and sensitive than nasal swab testing for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus, with implications for improving public acceptance of COVID-19 testing and reducing healthcare worker risks
Children who contract both corona and RS virus have a higher risk of hospitalization than those with corona alone. The study found that the proportion of serious illness among children with both viruses was lower than for those with corona, suggesting an advantage to contracting both viruses.
A study assessed SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing accuracy among asymptomatic individuals in workplaces. Repeated testing was found to increase detection of COVID-19 cases, but also led to more false positives and decreased sensitivity.
A new PCR test can quickly identify all SARS-CoV-2 variants in a positive patient sample, providing crucial information for public health professionals and policymakers. The assay has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity, making it an valuable tool in monitoring emerging strains.
A study of 181 long COVID patients found that seven in ten experience concentration and memory problems, with many performing worse than their peers on cognitive tests. Cognitive symptoms were more pronounced in people whose overall ongoing symptoms were more severe.
A study found that double vaccinated individuals generate a potent and broad neutralizing antibody response after a delta breakthrough infection. This response provides protection against current variants of concern, including omicron.
A new study found that fewer than 2% of babies born to mothers with COVID-19 test positive for the virus, but those with severe cases or diagnosed after childbirth are more likely to be infected. Vaginal births and breastfeeding do not increase the risk of transmission.
A new COVID-19 vaccine developed at MIT and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center has shown promise in preclinical studies, eliciting a strong immune response and protecting animals against viral challenge. The vaccine can be manufactured using engineered yeast, making it an attractive option for low-cost and easy storage.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that losartan treatment did not reduce lung injury in patients admitted with COVID-19, but may be needed for blood pressure support. Researchers emphasize the need for repurposing inexpensive medications to contain healthcare costs.
A blood test may identify risk of stillbirth and placentitis in pregnant individuals who have had COVID-19. The finding could improve care for high-risk pregnancies and lead to the development of a new screening tool.
A new study found that follicular T cells help balance out antibody diversity and affinity after COVID-19 vaccination. Deleting specific cell types altered the immune response, providing insights into strategies to enhance vaccine effectiveness later in life.
Researchers aim to understand why up to 80% of individuals experience temporary or lasting changes in their sense of taste after COVID-19. Preliminary data suggests ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are highly expressed in taste buds, which may explain why these are common targets for the virus.
A new study found that severe COVID-19 illness is associated with increased risk of long-term adverse mental health effects. Non-hospitalized patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to experience depressive symptoms up to 16 months after diagnosis, with those bedridden for seven days or more having higher rates of depress...
Researchers at Rice University developed a new program called Variabel to accurately identify 'low-frequency' variants of the virus that causes COVID-19. By distinguishing true variants from sequencing errors, Variabel enables rapid characterization of within-host variation, which could aid in discovering future mutations.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet and Helmholtz Center Munich found that macrophages show altered inflammatory and metabolic expression several months after mild COVID-19. Even though most individuals were symptom-free, their immune systems were more sensitive than those of healthy counterparts.
A comprehensive review of over 60 studies confirms that COVID vaccination is around 80% effective in protecting people with cancer against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mRNA vaccines were found to be the most effective, and multiple vaccinations are recommended for better protection.
Researchers found early and persistent activation of neutrophils in patients who developed severe COVID-19. The study suggests that identifying specific gene signatures could lead to effective treatments targeting high-risk patients. This discovery may also inform the development of simple blood tests to prioritize treatment.
Research found a significant drop in new cancer diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for screening cancers like breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer. The study estimates around 12,600 cancers went undetected between March 2020 and September 2020.
Scientists have successfully modified red blood cells to transport viral agents that trigger the immune system against SARS-CoV-2. The new method, described in PLOS ONE, shows promise as a safe and effective vaccine delivery platform with potential for rapid adaptation to emerging variants.
Aled Edwards emphasizes the importance of basic and applied research in developing effective COVID-19 vaccines. He also stresses the need for better vaccination implementation, increased global access to vaccines, and a cultural shift towards viewing access to new medicines as a right rather than an asset.
Research team finds mutations leading to omicron variant don't affect immune response in people with pre-existing immunity. This suggests individuals who were previously infected or vaccinated may still be protected against breakthrough infections, but humoral immunity may fail.
The investigational vaccine targets both the spike and nucleocapsid proteins, producing neutralizing antibodies and inducing T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2. COH04S1 is being studied in Phase 2 trials for immunocompromised patients and as a booster for healthy adult volunteers.
Researchers found that tannic acid targets the RBD protein and enzymes involved in viral entry and replication, suggesting its potential as a preventative or therapeutic agent. The polyphenol's low toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties make it an attractive alternative to existing antivirals.
Scientists have developed an unusual toolbox using quantum physics and molecular mapping to monitor SARS-CoV-2's spike protein. The approach aims to improve diagnosis, variant risk assessment, and treatment by identifying hotspots in the genome where highly-infectious mutations emerge.
Researchers developed new antimicrobial technology for air filters that can kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses in seconds. The treatment was tested on trains and found to be effective in killing SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses, including E. coli and C. albicans.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalization rates for non-SARS-CoV-2 conditions increased significantly among Medicare beneficiaries. The study found that these rates rose by over 50% compared to pre-pandemic levels.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai have identified a potential new therapy for COVID-19, created by reengineered human skin cells. The substance, dubbed ASTEX, stops SARS-CoV-2 from reproducing itself and protects infected cells in human lung cell samples.
Stimulating the RNA receptor RIG-I improves protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 infections, reducing disease progression and severe cases. The study's findings suggest a promising approach for treating COVID-19.
A study found that severe COVID-19 infections in older adults increased the risk of cognitive decline. Researchers in Wuhan, China analyzed data from discharged patients aged 60 and above, revealing a significant association between SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and cognitive changes.
A research team has discovered how the Covid virus reproduces itself by taking over the cell's protein factory. The team identified a specific structure in viral mRNA that allows the virus to access the ribosome and produce its own proteins, while blocking cellular production. This discovery opens up new avenues for antiviral treatments.
A study evaluating Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness found significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in adolescents. The vaccine was administered in two doses to 542 participants between 12 and 18 years old, demonstrating high efficacy.
The study reveals the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 directly binds exogeneous sialic acids, providing a new understanding of the virus's infection mechanism. This discovery opens up new therapeutic opportunities by targeting this interaction.
Researchers found that sugar-decorated proteins in mucus can bind to the coronavirus, keeping it from infecting cells. This discovery may explain why SARS-CoV-2 is more likely to spread through airborne droplets rather than surface transmission.
A research team at TUM has successfully used specific enzymes to destroy the genetic information of SARS-CoV-2 directly after it penetrates the cell. The study found that targeting the viral genome with siRNAs is most effective when the virus has just penetrated into the cell.
Research reveals SARS-CoV-2 can have multiple variants in one person, with some hiding in specific cells like kidneys or spleens. This can make complete virus clearance more difficult, as the body struggles to defend against dominant strains.
Mutations in SARS-CoV-2's spike protein can resist neutralizing antibodies and therapeutics, highlighting the need for improved vaccines and treatments. The study mapped out these 'escape variants' to understand their molecular mechanisms.
Researchers found that two-dose mRNA vaccines against the original and early variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus offer little to no protection against the omicron variant. A third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine booster shot, however, enhances immune response and provides comparable protection to the delta variant.