Articles tagged with Viruses
Researchers have discovered that a deadly combination of two mosquito-borne viruses may trigger stroke in adults. A new study published in The Lancet Neurology found that patients infected with both Zika and chikungunya were more likely to experience stroke, which could be caused by either virus alone.
Researchers from Texas A&M University have made significant discoveries on how the immune system detects hidden intruders. The study found that T-cells increase their detection power mechanically, using a 'catch bond' between T-cell receptors and MHC molecules when force is applied.
Scientists found that ocean viruses infect algae without killing them immediately, instead allowing cells to multiply and bloom before dying. This discovery changes how scientists view viral infections of algae and their impact on ecosystem processes like algal bloom formation and carbon cycling.
Global warming may make viruses more resistant to disinfectants like chlorine and heating, increasing the risk of waterborne diseases. Researchers found that warm-water-adapted viruses are more resilient to inactivation than cold-water-adapted ones.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center are conducting a clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of nasal saline irrigations in reducing COVID-19 symptoms and transmissibility. The study aims to explore if nasal hygiene can be used as an affordable and accessible treatment option.
Researchers argue that rigid social distancing rules are based on outdated science and oversimplify transmission risks. Experts suggest a more nuanced approach considering activity type, indoor vs outdoor settings, ventilation levels, and face coverings.
UTSW scientists found that STING activates a pathway directly killing tumor-fighting immune cells, revealing a new opportunity for checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy. This finding could lead to longer-lasting immunotherapies and more effective treatments for cancer.
Scientists have discovered a simple and ingenious strategy used by the Zika virus to protect important parts of its genome from host cell defence mechanisms. The virus uses an automatic umbrella-like mechanism, where one end of the viral RNA strand is protected while the other is not, allowing it to replicate efficiently.
A new study reveals that the Vikings suffered from smallpox, dating back to the 7th century, and that the disease was more widespread than previously thought. The researchers found distinct viruses circulating during the Viking Age, which share a common ancestor with modern-day smallpox.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of six widely divergent living bat species, uncovering key findings on gene expansions and losses that contribute to bats' unique traits. The study reveals 'fossilized viruses,' evidence of surviving past viral infections, and genetic signatures of ancient viral interactions.
A doctoral student at Virginia Tech has been awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to research how migratory birds transmit diseases and carry pathogens. She aims to screen birds for various diseases in Trinidad and Virginia, determining which vectors and viruses are introduced during the winter months.
Researchers traced plant mitochondrial genomes' stability to the MSH1 gene, which exists in plants but not animals. Disrupting this gene led to increased mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting its role in error correction machinery.
Researchers used HTS to analyze viral genomes, tracing the evolutionary history of two emerging viruses, GPGV and GINV. They found that these viruses likely originated in Asia before spreading globally through trade and human activity.
A white-throated sparrow's unique two-note-ending variant has replaced the historic three-note ending across Canada, a phenomenon unprecedented in bird species. The new song's rapid spread is attributed to overwintering grounds, where juveniles may learn and adopt new song types.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have engineered peptides that bind selectively to polysialic acid on cells, potentially providing a barrier against viruses. The findings suggest these peptides could be used to treat diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cancer.
Researchers used bioinformatics to identify proteins expressed by arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, finding similarities among them. The study suggests that protein profiles may help identify these proteins in the future.
A new study led by Liliana Dávalos explores how coronaviruses interact with goblet cells in bats, which may hold the key to understanding why some bats are resistant to these viruses. The research aims to compare the differences between bat and human nasal tissues, with potential implications for preventing future pandemics.
A new study finds that bacteria fed by algae biochemicals can harm coral health, leading to a shift in reef ecosystems dominated by turf and fleshy algae. The research reveals the role of microbiomes in coral-algae interactions, offering opportunities for probiotic engineering to improve coral resilience.
Researchers found that cancer cells activate an inflammatory response when in contact with fibroblasts, making it harder for viruses to infect them. By blocking this signaling pathway, oncolytic viruses can more effectively target cancer cells, offering a potential treatment option.
Researchers at KAIST developed a universal virus detection platform using reactive polymer-grafted double-stranded RNAs, which can detect viruses without prior knowledge of their genomic sequences. This platform provides enhanced sensitivity and can be used to quickly differentiate infected populations from non-infected ones.
Researchers discovered that SAR11 bacteria host a unique virus with a two-pronged survival strategy, allowing it to thrive in the oceans. The virus can multiply and split, producing large numbers of free viruses, contributing to its survival.
A study by the University of Surrey and Australian partners highlights the importance of adequate ventilation in indoor environments to prevent airborne transmission of COVID-19. Improving building ventilation is proposed as a key strategy to reduce the risk of infection, particularly in areas with high population densities.
Researchers analyzed RNA structure data to estimate virus subtypes' age and track spread in Eurasia. The study found that most viruses originated within the last three centuries, with significant expansion in the past 50-100 years.
Scientists have developed a new method called CIDER-Seq to sequence circular DNA, providing insight into its function in bacterial and viral genomes. The tool also sheds light on extrachromosomal circular DNA in human and plant cells, which has been difficult to study due to the lack of effective methods.
Researchers identified unique stress granules in cells that combat virus infections, providing a promising avenue for developing new treatments. The discovery has potential to lead to new drug therapies and improve human health by preventing serious damage from viruses.
Researchers have found that South Australia's Grey-headed flying fox population has developed antibodies for Hendra, Cedar and Tioman viruses, indicating exposure. No evidence of Australian bat lyssavirus transmission was found, reducing the risk to humans in the region.
Researchers have developed synthetic antibodies using bacterial superglue that can neutralize potentially lethal viruses like bunyaviruses. The antibodies were combined to form complexes that efficiently protected mice from the viruses.
The MIT-led consortium analyzed 18 incidents of viral contamination in biopharmaceutical drugs and found that most were caused by Chinese hamster ovary cells. The study recommends companies use rapid virus detection systems and new technologies to inactivate or remove viruses from cell culture media.
Researchers discovered that hepatitis C virus interacts with the immune system through the interferon-stimulated gene C19orf66, disrupting viral replication machinery and inhibiting its ability to replicate. The study found increased production of C19orf66 in hepatitis C patients, suggesting a potential antiviral effect.
Scientists studied 36 bat species from the western Indian Ocean and Africa, finding that different groups of bats had their own unique coronavirus strains. The research sheds light on how coronaviruses evolved and can help prevent future outbreaks.
Researchers have identified at least four new species of African leaf-nosed bats, which are cousins of horseshoe bats suspected of carrying the virus that caused COVID-19. The discovery highlights the importance of studying these animals to better understand disease transmission and prevention.
Researchers developed a novel method to predict antiviral drug targets by analyzing conformational changes in viral glycoproteins. The method, published in Journal of Computational Biology, identifies regions with high free energy, which may be promising for future antiviral drugs or vaccines.
Researchers have identified two novel viruses in Brazilian patients with suspected dengue, one from the Ambidensovirus genus and the other from Chapparvovirus. The study used metagenomics to analyze blood samples and found an unexpected presence of these viruses in human hosts.
Research found that breastfeeding significantly influences viral populations in infant guts, providing a protective effect against pathogenic viruses. Even small amounts of breastmilk can reduce the risk of early gastrointestinal disorders.
A recent study suggests that the proportion of human-infecting viruses does not substantially vary across different taxonomic orders. The researchers found that species-rich orders tend to harbor more human-infecting viruses, but this number scales proportionately with the total number of viruses.
Researchers create nanostructures that can capture and kill viruses, including COVID-19, using ultraviolet light. The coating could be added to masks, gloves, and gowns to protect healthcare providers.
A new study reveals a direct link between virus spillover and environmental change, which threatens wildlife populations. The research highlights how human activities such as hunting, trade, and urbanization increase the risk of virus transmission to humans.
Researchers at Virginia Tech discovered genes for cellular metabolic cycles in the genomes of giant viruses, challenging traditional views on viral life. These genes suggest that giant viruses can alter their hosts' metabolism, shifting nutrient balances and influencing aquatic biogeochemistry.
Researchers find that warmer, more humid environments can slow viral transmission through airborne particles. The ideal relative humidity for indoor environments is between 40-60%. Maintaining moderate humidity levels could be an ally in slowing rates of viral transmission.
A recent study by Jennifer Welsh found that various sea creatures, such as sponges, crabs, and cockles, can remove a significant portion of virus particles from seawater. These findings suggest that non-host organisms play an important role in regulating virus populations in marine environments.
Researchers highlight the challenges of identifying new pathogens, citing a review that explores cutting-edge genetics methods. The study discusses the promise of next-generation sequencing but notes its high cost and complexity. Despite these limitations, experts predict the technology's growing potential in healthcare.
A Northwestern University researcher received an NSF RAPID grant to develop a self-sanitizing face mask that deactivates viruses on contact. The project aims to reduce the number and activity of viruses in respiratory droplets, providing an additional layer of protection for healthcare workers and others.
Researchers used supercomputer simulations to study viral reproduction and DNA replication mechanisms. They discovered that twisting stress in protein filaments plays a key role in creating membrane deformations, which is crucial for virus release and cellular processes.
A UC Riverside-led study reveals that an interplay of energies at the molecular level enables virus shells to form symmetrically. The research could inform the design of engineered nano-shells used in drug delivery, with potential benefits for targeted treatment and reduced toxicity.
Researchers have developed an edible coating using cranberry juice and citrus extract that makes noroviruses more sensitive to gamma irradiation, reducing treatment time by half while preserving food quality. This natural antimicrobial method can prevent cell breakdown and discolouration.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab uncover mechanisms behind dinosaur blood vessel preservation and identify diverse giant viruses worldwide. The study uses X-ray imaging and spectromicroscopy to demonstrate how soft tissue structures may be preserved in dinosaur bones.
Researchers at Colorado State University have discovered how a viral protein regulates genome replication in viruses like West Nile and Zika. The study found that the protein acts as a brake during unwinding, and mutations can affect replication efficiency.
A new study shows that a single dose of the Army-developed Zika vaccine can induce potent cross-neutralizing antibody responses against both Zika and dengue viruses. Researchers found that these antibodies, called MZ4, protected against both viruses in a mouse model of infection.
A phase I clinical trial has confirmed the safety and effectiveness of a monoclonal antibody in neutralizing henipaviruses, which have pandemic potential. The antibody, m102.4, was found to be well-tolerated in healthy volunteers, with no serious adverse events reported.
A new study reveals how symbiotic viruses in aphid saliva suppress plants' defense mechanisms, allowing aphids to thrive on new hosts. This unique relationship has potential applications for controlling aphid dispersal and improving crop yields.
A recent study led by JGI uncovered a broad diversity of large and giant viruses belonging to the NCLDV supergroup. The genomes of these viruses are significantly larger than previously known, with some being up to 100 times the size of typical viruses.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University have developed a single-particle method using atomic force microscopy to determine virus isoelectric points, improving the accuracy of characterization and paving the way for more efficient vaccine production and gene therapy manufacturing.
Researchers have developed a new biotechnology platform to produce safer 'hybrid' viruses for vaccines and diagnostics against mosquito-borne diseases. The Binjari virus, inert to humans, is used to create 'dangerous-looking' viruses like Zika and dengue that cannot grow in humans or animals.
A study by Max Delbrück Center researchers explains that avian influenza A viruses are unable to transform infected human cells into effective virus factories due to a lack of the matrix protein M1. The virus requires this protein to export its genetic material from the cell nucleus, which is necessary for building new viruses.
A comprehensive new study by USC marine biologists reveals a stable virus community in the ocean, with constant churning of mutants allowing them to adapt and survive. The findings support the Red Queen hypothesis, suggesting that microbes must constantly evolve to outcompete each other.
The University of Oklahoma is leading a $2.5 million research project to investigate avian influenza virus diversity and transmission. The project aims to improve surveillance and pandemic preparedness by training researchers and engaging the public in disease ecology and evolution.
Researchers at the University of Jyväskylä have discovered that host cell calpain proteases can process enterovirus polyprotein in vitro. This finding sheds light on the mechanism behind the inhibitory effect of calpain protease inhibition on enterovirus infection.
Researchers have determined the structure of OLPVRII, a unique protein found in giant viruses. The protein forms pentamers and may act as an ion channel, shedding light on its potential role in hosting green algae during viral infection.
Researchers have discovered a way to stop the rabies virus from shutting down the immune system, solving a long-standing scientific puzzle. The breakthrough involves disabling the binding of viral proteins to host cells' STAT1 protein, paving the way for new oral vaccines.
A new portable DNA sequencer has been developed to rapidly diagnose wheat viruses with high accuracy. The technology has been tested on four wheat samples from western Kansas and detected three different viruses, including a new strain. This breakthrough has broad applications for plant disease identification and field diagnostics.