Articles tagged with Liver
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A new study has found that rifaximin, an antibiotic commonly prescribed for liver disease patients, is driving the emergence of a deadly superbug. The antibiotic triggers specific changes in bacteria that make them resistant to last-resort antibiotics like daptomycin.
Researchers discovered that tuberculosis alters liver metabolism and can push patients towards metabolic disease like diabetes. The study suggests undiagnosed TB could be a significant contributor to metabolic health issues.
Researchers on the International Space Station have developed human liver tissues with enhanced functionality in microgravity, paving the way for novel stem cell-derived liver tissues and alternative to traditional liver transplants. The team also created a bioreactor system for stable supercooling preservation of tissues.
Researchers found inhibiting ACMSD increases NAD+ levels, reducing inflammation and fibrosis in mouse models of MASLD/MASH. Boosting NAD+ production could protect against severe liver damage and cirrhosis.
Researchers found that patients had the same success rate when treated for 24 hours compared to 72 hours, with no difference in need for transfusion, ventilation, or vasopressors. This suggests that shorter octreotide therapy may be sufficient and could help reduce hospital stays and costs.
Researchers have identified liver X receptor beta as a promising target for treating depression and anxiety, with key findings including LXRβ's role in regulating neurotransmission and neurogenesis. This breakthrough could lead to novel therapies for treatment-resistant depression and personalized medicine approaches in psychiatry.
A recent study published in Liver Cancer found that patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbid obesity are at a higher risk of liver cancer recurrence after resection. The risk is significantly higher for those with comorbid obesity, increasing by approximately 3.8 times over five years postoperatively.
A recent study by Children's Hospital Los Angeles showed that reprioritizing organ allocation led to better outcomes for children with PALF. The changes resulted in substantially decreased deaths on the pediatric waitlist, increased rates of liver transplant, and improved post-transplant outcomes.
Researchers at University of Gothenburg propose inhibiting somatostatin to restore glucagon release and prevent dangerous blood sugar levels. This approach has the potential to save lives and is supported by experimental results in mice with type 1 diabetes.
The TIPS procedure improves renal function in patients with portal hypertension, particularly those with refractory ascites. However, the benefits of TIPS for Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) and Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) are limited due to insufficient data.
Researchers identified CYP1B1 as a biomarker for HSC activation and liver fibrosis in patients and mice. Inhibition of CYP1B1 led to the accumulation of trehalose, which has anti-fibrotic activity, protecting mice from liver fibrosis.
Cholestasis leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, inflammation, and autophagy impairment. Novel therapeutic agents modulate mitochondrial and bile acid metabolism pathways to improve liver function.
A study published in Metabolism revealed a new mechanism for glucose production in the liver during stress. CREB and CRTC2 proteins were found to be involved in activating gluconeogenesis, a key metabolic function of the liver that helps maintain normal blood sugar levels.
Women with hepatocellular carcinoma are less likely to receive a deceased-donor liver transplant due to sex-based differences in candidate size. The study's findings highlight the need for changes in allocation policy to improve access to size-matched donor livers for smaller candidates.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University discovered the role of A20 in suppressing chronic hepatitis by inhibiting the DCLK1-JNK pathway-dependent chemokines. In mice lacking A20 expression, hepatic stellate cells displayed spontaneous inflammation and increased chemokine levels.
Researchers have shown that repeated administration of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA therapy significantly extended survival and reduced serum leucine levels in a mouse model of maple syrup urine disease. The treatment approach may represent a potential long-term universal treatment for MSUD.
Researchers developed a treatment approach using lipid nanoparticles to deliver mRNA therapy for MSUD, extending survival and reducing serum leucine levels. The study also identified a novel AAV variant with desirable biodistribution properties for targeting peripheral organs.
A new study by Korea University College of Medicine shows that direct-acting antivirals significantly reduce liver-related clinical outcomes and lower the risk of disease progression to cancer or cirrhosis, increasing life expectancy for patients with Hepatitis C. The treatment approach has a high effectiveness rate of 90%.
Researchers have created the first spatial map of malaria infection in the mouse liver using Spatial Transcriptomics and single-cell RNA-sequencing. This discovery sheds light on the parasite's lifecycle, revealing changes in host cell gene expression near infected areas.
A study from Michigan Medicine found that both meditation and stretching can significantly reduce cramp severity and improve quality of life for patients with cirrhosis. The researchers were surprised to find that meditation also had a positive effect on cramp severity, despite not expecting it.
Parents who struggle with alcohol use disorders can pass along symptoms of early aging to their children, affecting them well into adulthood. These accelerated aging effects include high cholesterol, heart problems, arthritis, and early onset dementia.
Scientists have developed a new compound, ZTA-261, which selectively binds to the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRβ) to treat lipid disorders. Mice administered the drug showed decreased lipid levels in the liver and blood with fewer side effects compared to existing compounds.
A study from Michigan Medicine researchers found that over 15 million adult Americans regularly consume herbal and dietary supplements containing potentially toxic liver ingredients. The largest proportion of users took turmeric or green tea supplements, while others used garcinia cambogia for weight loss.
A survey study estimates that 15.6 million US adults consume at least one potentially hepatotoxic botanical product within the past 30 days. Turmeric is the most commonly reported botanical, followed by green tea, ashwagandha, Garcinia cambogia, red yeast rice, and black cohosh products.
A new study reveals that the protein CRTC plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy heart by ensuring it is neither too thick nor too thin. The research also shows that overexpression of CRTC causes cardiac hypertrophy, leading to adverse cardiovascular events.
Researchers used spatial transcriptomics to analyze liver biopsies from patients with CHB, uncovering distinct gene expression signatures and unique immune cell compositions. The study sheds light on the intricate interplay between the virus and the immune system, paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Researchers find significant association between illicit fentanyl use and HCV transmission, highlighting need for point-of-care testing and treatment access. The study suggests that fentanyl's short half-life may lead to increased risk of HCV transmission through frequent dosing and sharing.
Scientists analyzed 21,000 cells from tissue samples to develop a cell atlas of regenerating liver tissue. The study reveals changes in cell composition, gene expression, and intercellular communication that facilitate liver regeneration after portal vein embolization.
A study published in JAMA Surgery shows that liver transplants significantly improve progression-free survival rates for patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases compared to other therapies. At three years, 90% of transplant patients remained cancer-progression free, whereas only 42% of those receiving alternative treatme...
Cancer cells can attach themselves to liver cells when specific proteins are present, allowing them to colonize and form new tumors. This discovery provides insights into the metastatic process and may lead to potential treatments that prevent cancer from establishing new tumors.
These disorders, including CHF, CD, CS, ALGS, and BA, result from genetic mutations affecting bile formation and transport. Management focuses on symptom control, prevention of complications, and definitive treatment with liver transplantation when indicated.
Experts have established a comprehensive guideline for classifying and treating advanced liver cancer in China. The guidelines recommend personalized treatment options based on tumor characteristics, vascular tumor thrombus grade, distant metastasis, liver function status, portal hypertension, and hepatitis B virus replication status.
A recent UNIGE study highlights the risks of high-protein diets, also known as Paleolithic diets, which can lead to severe neurological disorders. Excess protein increases ammonium production, overwhelming the liver and potentially causing coma in severe cases.
Researchers found that bowel movement frequency is linked to long-term health, with younger people, women, and those with lower BMI tending to have less frequent bowel movements. The study also showed associations between bowel movement frequency and chronic disease risk, mental health history, and gut microbiome composition.
Splenic venous hypertension is a rare condition characterized by upper GI bleeding without liver disease. It arises due to increased pressure in the splenic vein, leading to gastric varices. Diagnosis involves clinical suspicion, imaging studies, and endoscopic methods.
Significant progress has been made in understanding and managing cholestatic liver diseases, with emerging therapies like OCA, fibrates, and budesonide. Multidisciplinary approaches involving hepatologists, gastroenterologists, and primary care physicians are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
A new study from Keck Medicine of USC reveals a startling disparity in the frequency of liver disease among transgender individuals, with double the prevalence of cirrhosis compared to cisgender adults. The study highlights the need for more supportive, preventive care and emphasizes the importance of early prevention.
A team of researchers has discovered a mechanism by which the liver's immune cells are suppressed in chronic hepatitis B, leading to organ damage. The 'sleep timer' function allows immune cells to weaken their activity over time, preventing them from proliferating excessively and causing further damage.
Researchers found that the frequency of activated TREG cells remained elevated during treatment and continued to be high even after the virus was eliminated. Inflammatory features, such as increased TNF signaling, were sustained in TREG cells, indicating long-term immune system changes induced by the chronic infection.
Subnormal serum liver enzyme levels can result from deficiencies in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (vitamin B6), as well as conditions such as chronic kidney disease. Recognizing these patterns is crucial for early diagnosis and management of diseases, allowing for targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes.
Immunotherapies have revolutionized HCC treatment by enhancing the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Key approaches include checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, and advanced cellular immunotherapies.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have identified cellular and molecular markers that can predict when pancreatic cancer will spread to the liver or other organs. The study found that patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer who showed signs of immune exhaustion were more likely to develop liver metastases.
A Duke Health research team identified how the aging process prompts certain liver cells to die off and found a way to reverse the process in mice using an investigational drug. The study's findings hold high promise for people with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, or MASLD.
A new study led by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine developed a novel approach to assess medication-related liver injury. By analyzing real-world health care data, they found that some medications' levels of danger to the liver are being misclassified.
Researchers discuss primary hepatic angiosarcoma, a rare mesenchymal liver tumor, and its poor prognosis compared to hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosing PHA is critical due to its similar clinical presentation to HCC.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis increases risk of bile duct cancer; early diagnosis is essential for successful treatment with liver transplantation. Regular MRI/MRCP scans are critical for early detection and may be recommended for high-risk PSC patients.
This study found that TIMP-1 induces the expression of transcription factor Fli-1, which elevates MCP-1 expression and promotes hepatic macrophage recruitment. siRNA-TIMP-1 alleviated liver fibrosis by reducing macrophage migration and MCP-1 expression.
Researchers have developed a novel patch that can help liver tissue regenerate and inhibit inflammation. The patch demonstrated restored liver function in lab tests and promoted recovery from liver fibrosis in rats, showing great potential for treating liver diseases.
Researchers found that GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors lower the risk of major cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks, and severe liver complications compared to other diabetes treatments. These medications also showed no significant increase in severe adverse events.
Researchers found that mitochondrial GRIM19 loss induces liver fibrosis through NLRP3/IL33 activation via reactive oxygen species/NF-кB signaling. This mechanism may provide potential therapeutic approaches for preventing early-stage liver fibrosis.
Researchers developed a blood signature for identifying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with metastatic traits using blood levels of alpha-fetoprotein and des-γ-carboxy-prothrombin. The signature effectively predicted HCC recurrence post-RFA, with 92% specificity and 91% sensitivity in the retrospective dataset.
The detection and management of borderline hepatic nodules, particularly those hypointense in the HBP without APHE, are critical in preventing overt hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Advances in imaging technologies have improved detection and characterization of these nodules, leading to better patient prognosis.
Researchers investigated the effectiveness of systemic thrombolysis for acute portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in liver cirrhosis patients. After a 7-day treatment period, 60% of patients achieved full recanalization of the portal vein, with no significant side effects.
The study reviews various immunotherapies for HCC, including ICIs and cellular therapies, highlighting their potential in managing advanced disease and preventing recurrence. Emerging strategies like vaccine development and oncolytic virotherapy are also discussed.
Scientists from BIH and Open Targets mapped MASLD progression in humans, discovering a regenerative process driven by transdifferentiation. They identified key factors controlling this process, including insulin signalling, which could provide a therapeutic avenue for future development.
Researchers have successfully grown functional human liver cells in a different species, offering a potential solution to the shortage of donor organs for liver transplants. The breakthrough uses interspecies blastocyst complementation to produce transplantable human liver cells, which can effectively mitigate chronic liver fibrosis.
Astragalus polysaccharide regulates VRC metabolism by increasing Bifidobacterium bifidum abundance and reducing inflammation in the liver. This leads to improved VRC metabolism, with high-dose APS showing stronger effects.
Researchers from VCU School of Medicine and Richmond VA Medical Center discover that replacing meat with plant-based proteins for one meal reduces harmful ammonia levels in people with advanced liver disease. The study found significant differences in blood and urine samples, revealing lower amino acids associated with ammonia production.
Liver cancer mortality in China decreased from 2008 to 2020, with higher rates among males, older adults, and rural populations. The study predicts a downward trend for liver cancer mortality in the next decade.
A new study reveals that chronic hepatitis B is globally undertreated, especially among women and Asian minorities in the West. The research highlights the need for targeted outreach to reduce new infections and deaths, with oral antiviral therapy being a lifesaving but underutilized treatment option.