Articles tagged with Inflammatory Signaling
A study identified alterations in the endocannabinoid system associated with severe acute pancreatitis, including decreased circulating levels of 2-AG. Restoring 2-AG levels reduced inflammation and lung damage, highlighting the system's role in the disease's pathophysiology.
Researchers at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center have uncovered genetic and cell-state adaptive mechanisms that drive resistance to KRAS inhibitors in patients with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Targeting early inflammatory responses by adding TBK1 blockade may be a promising combination strategy to overcome treatment resistance.
A study finds microplastics in the human brain associated with increased risk of stroke and dementia. Apheresis, a medical treatment, is proposed as a potential removal method for microplastics from the body.
Researchers have created lab-grown human skin organoids that can form complex microvascular networks similar to those in native human skin. These self-organizing structures function similarly to native skin, responding to inflammatory stimuli and re-growing after injury.
Researchers have created a detailed molecular map of the thromboxane A2 receptor, which could lead to the development of safer and more effective therapies targeting this clinically important signalling system. The study reveals an unusual activation switch and provides insights into how signalling molecules interact with the receptor.
Researchers have developed a painless skin patch that samples key immune cells from the skin, offering a new way to monitor immune health. The device detects inflammatory signals and collects immune cells without invasive procedures.
Researchers at the Institute for Glyco-core Research discovered how FUT8 is regulated by proteases SPP and SPPL3, essential for core fucosylation. This understanding may lead to new treatments targeting this cellular pathway, particularly in cancer and immune disorders.
Researchers at University College London have uncovered a key mechanism that helps the body switch off inflammation. Tiny fat-derived molecules called epoxy-oxylipins act as natural brakes on the immune system, preventing chronic inflammation linked to arthritis, heart disease, and diabetes.
Insilico Medicine's Phase IIa clinical trial assesses Garutadustat's safety and efficacy in ulcerative colitis. The novel PHD inhibitor has shown favorable safety and tolerability profiles in completed Phase I studies.
Researchers focus on unraveling immunoregulatory mechanisms in sepsis, exploring the NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Emerging treatments aim to mitigate hyperinflammation and prevent organ failure through personalized, multi-target modulatory approaches.
Researchers found that women with high hsCRP levels had a significantly increased lifetime risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and major cardiovascular events. Statin therapy can help reduce risk among these individuals by 38%.
Researchers discover a novel metabolic pathway, glyoxalase system, that regulates excessive immune responses by targeting a previously underexplored metabolic pathway. The GLO2-SLG-D-lactylation pathway suppresses inflammatory signaling, reducing inflammation in acute and autoimmune disease settings.
Scientists at San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy discovered that CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can cause inflammation and senescence-like responses in blood stem cells. This reduces the cells' ability to regenerate blood cells after transplantation, limiting the long-term success of gene therapy.
Researchers find inhibiting TMEM219 signaling restores mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel diseases and protects intestinal stem cells from death. The study suggests TMEM219 overactivation induces intestinal stem cell death, preventing mucosal renewal during inflammation.
Researchers have found that psychedelic compounds can reverse a cascade involving brain-resident cells and immune cells, increasing fear behavior when chronic stress disrupts signaling. This finding represents a paradigm shift in understanding psychedelics' therapeutic potential.
This study elucidates the role of HO-1 in regulating NAFLD-related liver fibrosis through the SIRT1/TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. HO-1 overexpression reduced hepatic fibrosis by modulating the SIRT1/TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway.
Researchers have discovered that inhibiting the metalloprotease ADAM19 can reduce gut inflammation and cell aging markers across species. The study found that blocking ADAM19 reduced gut damage and inflammation in fruit flies, mice, and human cells, offering a promising path for creating treatments to maintain healthy tissues.
The BNT162b2 vaccine not only targets the COVID-19 virus but also helps reduce and control innate inflammation to other bacterial and fungal pathogens. By reprogramming innate immune cells, the vaccine reduces pro-inflammatory mediators, providing potential benefits beyond its primary target.
Researchers develop a novel self-assembling prodrug, LDO, that targets glycolysis and STING signaling to alleviate inflammation and improve survival in sepsis animal models. LDO reprograms macrophage polarization, reducing cytokine storms and acute lung injury.
A study in the journal Cell Host & Microbe found that a diet rich in soluble fiber can protect against pathogenic bacteria like Clostridioides difficile. Consuming soluble fiber produces compounds like acetate, which regulates immune response and reduces inflammation.
Researchers found that gasdermin D promotes atrial arrhythmogenesis by facilitating the formation of pores in cell membranes and releasing cytokines. A mitochondrial-targeted therapy approach may prevent AF triggering, positioning gasdermin D as a promising therapeutic target.
Researchers found that adolescents with higher risk for depression had lower levels of neuroprotective compounds, while inflammation-driven neurotoxic chemicals were more prevalent in females. This study suggests an imbalance in the kynurenine pathway may contribute to the higher incidence of depression among teenage girls.
A study published in Nature Aging reveals that interleukin-12 (IL-12) plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease progression, damaging mature oligodendrocytes and interneurons. By understanding this mechanism, researchers hope to develop new combination therapies.
A study from Aarhus University found a possible link between JAK inhibitor medication and unexpected blood clots. The researchers identified a potential mechanism behind the side effect, which could lead to the development of safer medications.
A USC study found proteins and pathways involved in inflammation are associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) over time. The research identified potential biomarkers that could serve as early indicators of a person's risk for bone health issues later in life.
This study investigated the effects of Shenfu Decoction on neutrophil chemotactic function in septic mice. The results showed that Shenfu Decoction improved neutrophil chemotaxis function, decreased P2X1 receptor expression, and increased CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptor expression.
Researchers have identified a new starting point for therapy by targeting SSAT enzyme in psoriasis, restoring regulatory T cell function and breaking inflammation cycle. This approach could lead to a promising alternative treatment option with fewer side effects.
Researchers found that CD44-deficient mice stayed lean despite a high-fat diet, while control mice developed obesity. The study suggests CD44 inhibitors could serve as a complementary treatment for obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Researchers at U of T discover a ginger compound called furanodienone that selectively binds to and regulates nuclear receptor PXR, reducing inflammation in the colon. FDN has been shown to increase tight junction proteins, repairing damage to the gut lining caused by inflammation.
A University of Cincinnati researcher has been awarded a $2.1 million grant to investigate postoperative pain at the molecular and cellular levels. The goal is to develop new, safer non-addictive treatments for chronic pain conditions, including lower back pain and pain associated with diabetes or chemotherapy treatments.
A recent study explores the connection between chronic inflammation and arrhythmia development, identifying potential therapeutic targets for preventing and treating AF. The research team discovered that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) triggers atrial fibrillation by activating its receptors on macrophages.
Researchers have identified a targeted therapy that could bring relief to people living with lichen planus, a chronic inflammatory skin condition. The treatment, baricitinib, selectively blocks specific inflammatory pathways, reducing inflammation and suppressing the overactive immune response that contributes to the disease.
A new study explains how scratching aggravates inflammation and swelling in a type of eczema called allergic contact dermatitis. Scratching activates mast cells, which drive itchiness and inflammation, but also triggers the release of substance P, which protects against bacteria.
Researchers at Nagoya University found that stimulating CB2 with JWH 133 improved cognitive function and reduced neuroinflammation in AD mouse models. The study suggests that CB2 is a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease, providing a cost-effective alternative to existing treatments.
A research team at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has identified a novel molecular pathway leading to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in tumors. TLSs are immune cell clusters that can boost the local immune response and may be harnessed for immunotherapy treatments.
A study published in Chinese Medical Journal explores the use of artificial intelligence to identify potential medications for treating glaucoma. Researchers used AI models to predict the effectiveness of small-molecule compounds targeting RIPK3, a key signaling molecule involved in programmed cell death.
Researchers from Institute of Science Tokyo discovered that tristetraprolin (TTP) regulates inflammatory responses in basophils by promoting mRNA degradation. In TTP-deficient mice, aggravated allergic inflammation was observed, suggesting TTP as a key regulator of basophil-mediated immune responses.
A new blood-based biomarker, placental growth factor (PlGF), has been identified as a potential tool for detecting early brain changes associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. Elevated PlGF levels were found to be linked to increased vascular permeability, leading to white matter injury and subsequent cognitive decline.
Research highlights the critical link between the body's circadian clock and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Disruptions in circadian rhythms exacerbate inflammation, suggesting that aligning treatment strategies with natural biological cycles could improve patient outcomes.
A study by Tulane University researchers found that tumors in female fruit flies grew 2.5 times larger than those in male fruit flies due to sex-based differences in immune response. The stronger innate immune response in females accelerated tumor growth.
A study by Weill Cornell Medicine researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 virus infection causes significant damage to mitochondria in infected cells, leading to an overactive renin-angiotensin-activation-system (RAAS) and associated blood clotting. This damage contributes to the multi-organ damage seen in severe COVID-19.
A new study found that the heart sends signals to the brain to increase sleep after a heart attack, promoting healing and reducing inflammation. This communication between the heart and brain is mediated through the immune system and can lead to improved recovery and reduced risk of further cardiovascular events.
Researchers have discovered a promising new target to combat fatty liver disease, a chronic and progressive condition that triggers inflammation. A protein called Rbpj plays a critical role in the Notch signalling pathway, which controls the conversion of monocytes into inflammatory macrophages.
A team of researchers has identified the activation of the YAP/TAZ pathway as a major contributor to atherosclerosis in patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. This discovery sheds light on the vascular problems faced by HGPS patients and opens up potential new avenues for treatment.
A new study found that common breast cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, can increase expression of aging markers in breast cancer survivors. The study suggests that these treatments can have a more extensive impact on the body than previously thought, leading to accelerated biological aging.
Researchers found that combining APOE4 and TREM2 variants triggers inflammatory response in female brains, damaging brain regions involved in thinking and memory. This study emphasizes the need for tailored approaches to treat Alzheimer's disease differently in men and women.
Cholestasis leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, inflammation, and autophagy impairment. Novel therapeutic agents modulate mitochondrial and bile acid metabolism pathways to improve liver function.
Associate Professor Justine Tigno-Aranjuez received a $1 million NSF CAREER Award to study the impact of the NOD2 pathway on inflammation. Her research aims to understand how lipid mediators are produced and how they influence inflammation.
Researchers aim to find a new treatment pathway for diabetic retinopathy by targeting the IL-6 protein. They suspect that selectively inhibiting trans-signaling while allowing cis-signaling will stop damage and restore balance in the retina.
A study by Min Deng and colleagues at UCLA identified two key dysregulated pathways in acne-affected skin: the GRN-SORT1 axis in TREM2 macrophages and the IL-13-IL-13RA1 axis in keratinocytes. These findings suggest modulating these pathways through gene therapy could lead to new acne treatments.
Researchers at Iowa State University have discovered a potential breakthrough in producing lab-grown blood stem cells by pausing the initial activation of inflammatory signals. This allows for the production of hundreds of functional stem cells, which could replace bone marrow transplants for blood disorders such as leukemia and anemia.
Researchers discovered a unique probiotic strain, Bifidobacterium bifidum BB1, that strengthens intestinal barrier function and protects against harmful bacteria. This strain may lead to the development of novel therapies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory conditions.
Inhalation of live Lactobacilli bacteria attenuates pulmonary inflammation, improves lung function, and structure for COPD and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The treatment reduces neutrophilic inflammation, MMP-9, and pro-inflammatory markers.
A new study suggests that an anti-inflammatory antibody treatment can be used to prevent heart transplant rejection. The treatment was found to block an innate immune response that drives dangerous inflammation in transplanted hearts, leading to prolonged organ survival.
Researchers discovered a unique protective mechanism in pancreatic β-cells, relying on elevated levels of pro-survival proteins like cFLIP. This discovery challenges the dominant paradigm and offers new insights into diabetes research, potentially leading to novel strategies for preserving β-cell function.
Researchers found correlations between MIF and DDT levels with patient survival outcomes in melanoma patients. Higher CD74:MIF and CD74:DDT levels were associated with improved survival and enrichment of inflammatory markers.
Researchers describe redundant innate immune pathways triggered by AAV vectors, including sensing of viral genome and cytoplasmic DNA sensors. The study highlights the need to understand complex biologic mechanisms underlying adverse reactions to AAV vectors in human gene therapy trials.
Bonn researchers decode the interaction between monocytes and platelets, revealing a new intercellular communication mechanism that regulates monocyte function. This discovery has implications for treating immune disorders such as immune thrombocytopenia and other inflammatory diseases.
Researchers found that high blood levels of saturated fatty acids, particularly palmitate, cause pre-activation of innate immune cells in obese non-diabetics. This leads to elevated inflammatory molecules when infected with SARS-CoV-2, increasing the risk of severe COVID-19.
Scientists at Brigham and Women's Hospital have identified a metabolic switch in the gut that helps regulate immune tolerance and protect against harmful intestinal inflammation. This discovery could lead to new strategies for promoting remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.