Articles tagged with Acids
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have discovered heteroligand complexes of copper with malonic or adipic acid dihydrazides and L-histidine, showcasing trans-influence. The study suggests that these complexes can serve as models for biological systems and potentially be used to enhance the biologically active properties of organic substances.
Researchers have uncovered the molecular mechanism of boswellic acid, a substance responsible for frankincense's anti-inflammatory effect. Frankincense reprograms the inflammatory enzyme 5-lipoxygenase into an anti-inflammatory enzyme.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have created mesh-like mats with prolonged antioxidant activity that can be used in bandages or food storage containers. The mats are made from an intertwined network of ultra-fine strands of a polymer and tannic acid, which enhances antioxidant functionality.
Researchers at Kazan Federal University have created a novel amperometric sensor to detect sterically hindered phenols, including synthetic phenolic antioxidants. The sensor uses electropolymerized carminic acid as the sensitive layer and has been successfully tested on linseed oils, confirming high accuracy of antioxidant detection.
Researchers found that ursolic acid promotes myelin repair in the central nervous system, even in chronic autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis. The study suggests a potential dual effect of ursolic acid in treating MS through both immunomodulation and direct remyelination.
A team of scientists at UC Santa Barbara has discovered that multiple opsin proteins function as taste receptors, enabling the detection of subtle chemical signals. This finding raises questions about the original role of opsin proteins in ancient organisms and may extend to mammals, including humans.
Researchers at Goethe University discover a unique metabolism in Acetobacterium woodii that enables the bacterium to recycle hydrogen, allowing it to survive in oxygen-poor environments. This discovery has implications for our understanding of ancient life forms and their metabolic capabilities.
A research team discovered a novel acid tolerance system in E. coli, enabling growth at pH 4.2 and existing in various pathogenic bacteria. This system confers survival in gastric acid and may be a new target for antimicrobial development.
Researchers at NIST identified acetic acid as a prime suspect in accelerating the degradation of polyamide-based backsheets, which are common in solar panels. The study highlights the importance of interplay between solar panel components in determining their longevity.
Scientists at Michigan State University discovered new bile acids produced by microbes in the gut, which expand our understanding of mammalian bile and its connection to gastrointestinal diseases. These novel acids are particularly abundant in people suffering from conditions like Crohn's disease and cystic fibrosis.
Researchers developed a new strategy to control both target chemical production and microbe propagation, boosting muconic acid yield. The Parallel Metabolic Pathway Engineering approach allows for independent utilization of sugars for microbe growth and target chemical production.
A team of scientists from Tokyo University of Science has developed a novel method to use protected boronic acids in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, reducing the number of steps and increasing atom economy. The new process enables the direct use of masked molecules, leading to faster and cheaper synthesis of complex molecules.
A UMass Amherst study found that prenatal phthalate exposure is associated with autistic traits in young boys, but adequate folic acid supplementation during early pregnancy may mitigate these effects. The study analyzed data from over 2,000 pregnant women and followed the development of their children until age 3 and 4.
Brazilian researchers found a correlation between salivary uric acid levels and body fat percentages in teenagers, suggesting a reliable biomarker for early detection of chronic diseases. The study identified the level of uric acid in saliva as a good predictor of body fat percentage.
A novel simplified biotechnological route has been developed to convert sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw into fine chemicals. The new process uses a cascade of three catalytic enzymes to release ferulic acid from lignocellulosic biomass and convert it directly into coniferol, resulting in high conversion yields.
Researchers at NAIST developed a new photo-acid generator that produces Lewis acids with a significantly higher quantum yield than existing Brønsted acids. This breakthrough enables the activation of previously inaccessible biological and photo-polymer systems, opening up new opportunities for organic synthesis.
Researchers measured PFAS in cat and dog feces, detecting 13 compounds with longer-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids being most abundant. Estimated exposure levels for pets and potentially their owners were found to be above minimal risk levels.
A team of Russian scientists found that adding micromolar selenium doses to hydroponic substrate increases the levels of useful biologically active compounds in sweet basil leaves. This concentration is safe for the plant, leading to higher antioxidant levels and enhanced nutritional properties.
Researchers have isolated six new biologically active compounds from a previously unknown strain of sea fungus Penicillium piltunense. The compounds have shown pronounced anti-inflammatory and herbicidal activity, which could lead to the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs and weed control chemicals. Fungi of the genus Penicilli...
Researchers found that xanthohumol and its derivatives can decrease microbiome diversity while reducing inflammation and improving energy metabolism in laboratory animals with high-fat diets. The study suggests that hops compounds may help combat metabolic syndrome by altering bile acid metabolism and changing gut microbiota.
Researchers developed a mass-producible wearable sensor that can monitor levels of metabolites and nutrients in blood by analyzing sweat. The device is more sensitive than current devices, detecting lower concentrations of compounds like uric acid and tyrosine, which are associated with gout, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
The University of Adelaide team identified an enzyme that helps produce natural tartaric acid in grapes, enabling winemakers to balance sweetness and acidity. This discovery has the potential to save the Australian wine industry significant sums of money by reducing reliance on expensive additives.
Researchers demonstrate the production of a wide range of sulfated aromatic compounds, including antifouling agents and pharmaceuticals, using microbial hosts. The process enables the large-scale production of sulfated phenolic compounds, offering potential applications in medicine, nutraceuticals, and other industries.
Researchers found that tobacco hawkmoths use a specific receptor, IR8a, to detect the smell of larval frass and avoid competing conspecifics. This allows them to select better oviposition sites for their offspring, increasing their survival rates.
Researchers analyzed six different bird species and found no uric acid in their excretions. Instead, they identified ammonium urate, struvite, and two unknown compounds, suggesting that bacteria break down uric acid before excretion.
USC scientists have identified the otopetrin 1 gene as the receptor responsible for sensing sour tastes in animals. The study found that mice with a nonfunctional Otop1 gene still produce a small response to sour taste stimuli, suggesting another signaling mechanism may also contribute to sour taste perception.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara and their international team have uncovered the mechanism behind doping organic semiconductors using Lewis acids. The discovery reveals that water plays a crucial role in this process, enabling scientists to design even better dopants for greater control over these materials.
The Rice University lab has developed an efficient electrolyzer that can turn greenhouse gases into pure liquid fuels. The process uses renewable electricity and produces highly purified formic acid with high concentrations.
Researchers have identified potentially less toxic and biodegradable flame retardants from plants, which could replace hazardous organohalogen compounds. The new substances, derived from gallic acid and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, perform as well as many existing flame retardants on the market.
Researchers create polyurethane that can be dissolved in organic solvents, enabling easy degradation and reprocessing into new products. The breakthrough has potential applications in adhesives, paints, and other industries.
The study introduced macrocyclic rigid structures that improve polymer properties, allowing for the creation of hybrids with biopolymers and self-assembling capabilities. These hybrids were applied in prototypes of chemical and biochemical sensors, offering good prospects for creating new smart drugs and systems.
An international research team led by the University of Göttingen has unraveled the mechanism for the biosynthesis of salicylic acid in plants. The study reveals that isochorismate-derived compounds accumulate when a specific gene is removed, leading to the formation of salicylic acid.
Researchers discovered microdroplets that can act as compartments for chemical reactions and compounds, including genetic material. These findings suggest that membraneless microdroplets may have played a crucial role in the development of living systems.
A new method for synthesizing and evaluating large numbers of potential drug leads has been developed by the University of Groningen. This technique uses acoustic dispensing to create thousands of variant molecules in a high-throughput system, making it possible to quickly identify promising candidates.
Researchers found that the LUX gene regulates stomata opening and closing, as well as activating defense mechanisms. The study could lead to more resistant crops and better treatment for human diseases.
Researchers developed a new fluorescence-based test for Lewis acidity, simplifying existing methods and providing accurate measurements. The innovation could lead to improved and cheaper processes in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Researchers have developed a new type of carbon-based catalyst made from natural bacterial cellulose, showing high specific surface areas and large pore volumes. The catalyst exhibits versatility in accelerating various important reactions, outperforming state-of-the-art catalysts in some cases.
Scientists have discovered that the direction of laser light hitting a molecule determines its chiral form. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient production of molecules with uniform chirality for pharmaceuticals. The research was conducted using the planar formic acid molecule and the reaction microscope method.
Researchers have developed a method to extract rare-earth elements from phosphogypsum mining waste, a potentially game-changing solution to alleviate the world's REE supply shortages. The use of microorganisms to dissolve the elements has shown promise as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods.
A study published in the Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics found that organic acids produced by bacteria can extract six rare earth elements from synthetic phosphogypsum. This method could provide an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods, benefiting the US clean energy and electronics industries.
Researchers at Indiana University have developed a new tool to observe living cells in real time under a microscope, advancing knowledge on how bacteria build their cell walls. This technology has significant value in addressing antibiotic resistance, which affects at least 2 million people in the US each year.
Researchers at Hokkaido University developed a porous material that turns yellow to reddish-brown when exposed to acid vapor, returning to its original color upon removal. The material's stability is remarkable, maintaining its structure at high temperatures and resisting common organic solvents.
Scientists identified a protein, IR7a, required for fruit flies to detect acetic acid and make decisions based on its concentration. This discovery could have implications for understanding taste research and disease prevention.
A team of researchers from Kanazawa University has developed a phototriggered modification reaction of a carboxylic acid using an aminocyclopropenone. The resulting ynamine works as a dehydration agent to connect the carboxylic acid and the amine. Under intense light conditions, another isomeric mixture of three ketones was produced.
Researchers developed a stability-indicating HPLC method to quantify pralatrexate and its degradation products. Four major degradation products were synthesized and characterized, enabling the prediction of degradation pathways.
Researchers have discovered a new, general method for protecting carbonyl groups using camphorsulfonic acid. This procedure offers high yields, simplicity and environmental friendliness.
Researchers investigate Camphorsulfonic acid-catalyzed Michael reactions of diverse indoles with enones, producing 3-indole-substituted compounds in excellent yield. The method is simple, effective, and environmentally friendly.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute have created a novel yeast biohybrid system using an adaptable light-harvesting semiconductor approach. The innovation enables the production of complex chemicals by harnessing energy from light, significantly enhancing product yields and opening up new paths for biomanufacturing.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have discovered a novel acid antibiotic, Scleric Acid, by engineering DNA from soil bacteria. The compound shows moderate antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has potential applications as a biocatalyst for manufacturing high-value chemicals.
Scientists have discovered new compounds in whole grains that may improve glucose metabolism and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. The findings suggest that a high intake of whole grains increases levels of betaine compounds, which are associated with improved glucose metabolism and lower post-meal glucose levels.
Researchers developed an engineered E. coli strain that converts formic acid and CO2 to pyruvate, producing cellular energy from formic acid through reconstructed one-carbon pathways. The strain efficiently utilizes formic acid as a carbon source while reducing glucose consumption.
Scientists at Michigan State University have discovered a light-induced super photobase that is 10 million times stronger than anything previously discovered. The discovery could lead to advances in solar energy capture and the development of new materials with potential applications in medicine and environmental monitoring.
Researchers discovered a link between BSEP inhibition and FXR activation, explaining the weak concordance between BSEP inhibition potency and cholestatic DILI incidence. The C-DILI assay has been shown to have high in vitro-in vivo correlation among compounds known to have a risk of DILI.
A team of researchers discovered a new major source of formic acid over the Pacific and Indian oceans by exploiting non-equilibrium conditions. This breakthrough sheds light on current scientific understanding of hydrocarbon degradation in the atmosphere.
A new study by Vanderbilt University researchers found that bile acids can reduce cocaine reward and cravings. The findings suggest targeting bile acid signaling in the brain may be a novel way to treat cocaine abuse.
Researchers found formic acid in a protoplanetary disk surrounding the young star TW Hydra, suggesting rich organic chemistry existed before planet formation. This discovery implies that complex molecules were present in the solar nebula, which may have contributed to the emergence of life.
University of Illinois researchers found that dry-milling process removes majority of phenolics from corn kernels. Despite this, heat can release bound forms of compounds and improve antioxidant content in corn-based foods.
Researchers developed thermally and chemically durable organic frameworks with large surface areas and fluorescence properties. The new materials have wide specific surface areas and can withstand high temperatures and acidic environments.
Research by Tokyo Institute of Technology team found alpha-hydroxy acid polymers can form easily under conditions prevalent on early Earth, aiding in living system formation. The study suggests these polymers may have provided the toolkit for life's origin.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a new solid polymer electrolyte with twice the proton conductivity of current state-of-the-art material. This breakthrough could enable faster recharge times and improved safety in energy storage devices.