Articles tagged with Chirality
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have developed a novel planar chiral mirror that preserves the spin of light upon reflection, overcoming limitations of traditional mirrors. This innovation has potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum optics.
Scientists demonstrate a reconfigurable chiral microlaser in a symmetric WGM microcavity, achieving unprecedented control over laser directionality and chirality. The device exploits the optical Kerr nonlinearity to break symmetry spontaneously, enabling all-optical control of chirality.
Physicists have induced and measured nonsymmetrical states in a layered material using circularly polarized mid-infrared light. This phenomenon, known as chirality, can be controlled and enhanced by shining the light beam at specific conditions, demonstrating a new tool for manipulating electronic behavior in materials.
Researchers developed a regioselective magnetization strategy to create semiconducting heteronanorods with chiroptical activities. This approach enables tuning of chiroptical activity through electric and magnetic transition dipoles.
Researchers at Université de Montrêl have successfully used biocatalysis to control the shapes of large ring molecules, called macrocycles. This breakthrough enables the creation of planar chiral macrocycles, which can be tailored for various applications including pharmaceuticals and electronics.
Scientists have discovered a new type of 3D chirality that exhibits unique macroscopic properties, including fluorescence and strong optical rotation. The discovery was made possible through the use of advanced synthesis techniques, including double cross-couplings and retro-synthetic analysis.
Researchers at TUM functionalized a simple rod-like building block with hydroxamic acids to form molecular networks displaying complexity and beauty. The networks exhibit exceptional properties and chiral symmetry, with unique opportunities for bottom-up nano-templating.
Researchers demonstrate direct emission of orthogonal handed circular polarization from achiral luminophore using liquid crystalline phase. The twisted structure allows for the generation of CP light with various polarization states.
A team of researchers from the University of Münster has developed a new synthetic method for producing all four stereoisomers of α,β-disubstituted γ-butyrolactones. The method uses two chiral catalysts working in tandem to efficiently produce the final product.
Researchers have developed a new method to observe changes in molecular chirality during chemical reactions in real time. They used femtosecond laser pulses with tailor-made polarization to follow the disappearance of chirality after bond breakage.
A KAIST research team has developed a gallium-based metal complex enabling the rapid chiral analysis of alcohols using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This new method can determine enantiomeric excess within minutes, benefiting researchers in organic chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry.
Researchers at MIT have found that coating nanoparticles with right-handed molecules of the amino acid cysteine can improve their ability to avoid being destroyed by enzymes in the body. This approach also allows them to enter cancer cells more efficiently, making it a promising method for developing more effective drug carriers.
A research team at The University of Tokyo has successfully produced helixes that twist preferentially in a particular direction, shedding light on the origin of life's chirality. This breakthrough may lead to new and cheaper drug production methods and finally address the lingering question of how life began.
Researchers have synthesized a new type of chiral light that can tell right- and left-handed molecules apart. This innovative light interacts differently with each type of molecule, allowing for precise control over chemical reactions and potential applications in drug development.
A team at the University of Michigan developed a new catalyst that selectively produces the correct version of twisted molecules, which are essential for medicines. The catalyst is made from mineral nanoparticles and can work in water, reducing costs and environmental impact.
Rice chemists disentangled the mysterious interactions between bovine serum albumin and gold nanorods, revealing multilevel chirality and a possible way to sense single proteins' handedness. This discovery could lead to the development of drug-sensing tools with improved accuracy.
A team of physicists and engineers measured the tensile strengths of individual structure-defined single-walled carbon nanotubes, finding that their strength depends on both the chiral angle and diameter. The study provides a fundamental insight into developing super-strong and ultra-lightweight materials.
Scientists developed a nanomaterial that can detect the twist direction of molecules with ultra-sensitivity, removing a major roadblock in research. The material's unique symmetry properties allow for sensitive detection of molecular chirality, which is crucial in pharmaceuticals and materials science.
Researchers from Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have discovered a unique chiral effect in magnetic materials. The team created parabolic strips of Permalloy, which exhibited a surprisingly strong delayed response to a reversed magnetic field due to curvature-induced chiral properties.
Researchers at São Paulo State University discovered that breaking time-reversal symmetry creates molecules with spin-polarized orbitals, allowing for the encoding of information. This phenomenon could be exploited in quantum computing and spintronics to develop faster, more efficient devices.
A team of scientists led by OHIO Professor Saw-Wai Hla developed a molecular propeller that enables unidirectional rotations on a material surface when energized. The tiny propeller, composed of three components, can be controlled using an electric field or mechanical force.
Researchers from Kanazawa University have developed a three-state switchable chiral stationary phase that can be controlled using metal ions, enabling efficient separation of enantiomers. The phase's stability and separation performance were demonstrated over multiple cycles, opening new doors for drug discovery and other research areas.
Researchers have developed a chiral separation membrane using two-dimensional layered materials, showing high selective permeation efficiency among various enantiomers. The membrane can efficiently separate left-handed and right-handed molecules like limonene, with potential applications in sewage processing and desalination.
Scientists have identified a unique chiral coupling that allows spins in different magnetic layers to interact over long distances, even if they are not adjacent. This discovery opens up novel opportunities for engineering complex magnetic configurations to store and process data more efficiently.
Researchers created a novel solid-state spin filtering device with artificial molecular motors that switch spin polarization direction by light irradiation and thermal treatments. The device demonstrates 4 times chirality inversion, allowing for precise control of spin-polarization direction in spin-polarized currents.
Scientists have successfully synthesized helical ladder polymers using a novel electrophilic aromatic substitution method. The resulting molecules exhibit well-defined right-handed helical geometry and can be modified to create nanoscale architectures for various applications.
A team of researchers discovered polar skyrmions in an electric material, opening up a plethora of materials systems and physical phenomena to explore. The combination of polar skyrmions and electrical properties may allow for the development of novel devices with significant interest to the Army.
Researchers at Cornell University and the University of California Berkeley have made a groundbreaking discovery in polar skyrmions, opening up new possibilities for novel devices. The team found that skyrmions can exhibit chirality in an electric material, which could be used to develop new data storage technologies.
Scientists at PSI investigate a novel material exhibiting electronic properties never seen before, including Rarita-Schwinger fermions and quadruple topological Fermi arcs. The crystal is a chiral topological semimetal with exotic physical phenomena, such as phase transitions at its surface.
Scientists at EPFL demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to use light to dynamically twist an individual electron's wave function. This enables the creation of an ultrafast vortex electron beam that can be used to encode and manipulate quantum information, as well as control magnetic materials.
Researchers from Hong Kong Baptist University have invented a new method that can detect target molecules in pharmaceuticals and pesticides in just five minutes. This breakthrough could lead to the production of higher quality medicinal drugs with no side effects.
A team of researchers has observed chirality in polar skyrmions for the first time in a material with reversible electrical properties. The discovery could lead to applications like more powerful data storage devices that continue to hold information even after being powered off.
Researchers have discovered that certain classes of chiral crystals can host electrons behaving like slowed down light, with collective behavior mimicking magnetic monopoles. The team found that these crystals can exhibit unique phenomena such as large Fermi arcs and electron spins that collectively behave like magnetic monopoles.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab have discovered a new state of quantum matter exhibiting nearly ideal topological surface properties due to its chirality. The spiral-crystal topological chiral conductor shows exceptional electrical conductivity with minimal resistance.
Scientists have discovered that the direction of laser light hitting a molecule determines its chiral form. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient production of molecules with uniform chirality for pharmaceuticals. The research was conducted using the planar formic acid molecule and the reaction microscope method.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have developed a new copper catalyst that can distinguish between two different carbonyl compounds and selectively synthesize one species of 1,2-diol. The catalyst uses a N-heterocyclic carbene ligand to activate the carbonyls and form a carbon-carbon bond.
Researchers have successfully reversed and made repulsive Casimir forces, tunable and enhanced by external magnetic fields. By inserting a chiral material between plates, they created an oscillatory force with large magnitude, reflecting macroscopic effects of quantum fluctuations.
Researchers developed a new iridium catalyst for the selective synthesis of chiral lactams, which are key building blocks in pharmaceutical agents. The catalyst achieves high selectivity by inducing hydrogen bonding between substrate and catalyst, leading to the production of desired compounds with minimal waste.
A new chiral triphenylene derivative forms a higher-order structure that preserves its ordered crystal properties even after being subjected to gravitational flow. This unique property has implications for the development of materials with long-range structural preservation, which could lead to breakthroughs in nanoscale technologies.
Researchers have discovered chiral surface excitons, particles that spin like planets and annihilate each other on the surface of solids, emitting photoluminescence. The finding has potential applications for devices such as solar cells and electronic displays.
Researchers at Rice University have created chiral polymers that can enable materials with unique properties, such as optical and sensing capabilities. The discovery could lead to the creation of metamaterials with tunable properties, including tough-but-flexible compounds with distinct functions.
Physicists at ETH Zurich have created acoustic metamaterials that interact differently with Weyl fermions of opposite chirality, a crucial aspect of particle physics. This discovery enables the manipulation of chiral channels, giving independent access to these particles in bulk systems.
Researchers at the University of Bath have successfully demonstrated a new physical effect that could lead to advancements in chemical manufacturing efficiency and quality control in personalized pharmaceuticals. The technique is 100,000 times more sensitive than standard methods used today, enabling precise measurements of chirality i...
A theoretical model has been developed to describe how chiral molecules can create a spin current, potentially revolutionizing electronic devices. The model predicts that certain circuits with four contacts will allow the detection of this effect.
Researchers have identified 10 genes encoding transaminases, which can synthesize compounds with special chirality. This breakthrough could aid bioprospecting and genetic engineering programs to produce new medicines.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology discovered that RNA's chemical ancestors can spontaneously form spiral strands in plain water without catalysts or enzymes. The spiraling integrated another compound, forming a structure similar to RNA, and demonstrated the possibility of an early evolutionary path for RNA.
Researchers have developed a new method to monitor molecular aggregation in real-time, allowing for the analysis of conformational changes. The method uses the AACD effect and chiral molecules to track aggregation-annihilation circular dichroism, providing valuable insights into biological processes.
Scientists have created a system to probe biomolecules' chiral properties in real-time, providing insights into their biological function. The setup allows for the detection of enantiomers at picosecond resolution, overcoming previous limitations.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have developed a new synthesis strategy for chiral drugs by harnessing the potential of aldehyde-derived chiral hydroxycarbanions. This breakthrough enables the selective production of one enantiomer of chiral molecules, paving the way for the creation of complex drugs with desired chirality.
A dirhodium catalyst makes an inert C-H bond reactive, turning chemical 'trash' to 'treasure.' The catalyst achieves exquisite control over the reaction, producing value-added molecules with high selectivity and minimal byproducts.
Researchers from Kanazawa University investigated gut microbiota effects on kidney function and discovered that the gut microbiota produces D-serine, a substance protective for the kidney. Administering D-serine to normal mice mitigated kidney injury, suggesting its potential as a biomarker or medication for acute kidney injury.
Scientists have created a magnetic method to control the transport of chiral Majorana fermions, which has potential applications for braiding and quantum computing. The technique uses a Josephson junction and cavity to manipulate the fermion excitations.
Scientists have proposed an innovative method to create custom-made mirror molecules for analysis by inducing rotationally-induced chirality in symmetric-top molecules. This technique could enhance insight into the workings of nature and pave the way for new materials and methods.
Research reveals that diabetics' enzyme can flip blood vessel cells, creating gaps three times more permeable than normal. Controlling this process could ease swelling, nerve pain, and infection risks.
Researchers have discovered a method to synthesize helical biomineral structures with opposite spiral directions by adding specific amino acids, shedding light on how certain biological structures can exhibit both rotations within the same species or individual organism.
The Rice University scientists found that the catalyst starts nanotubes with various chiral angles but redirects almost all of them to the fast-growing variant (12,6). The cause appears to be a Janus-like interface composed of armchair and zigzag segments.
Researchers at Osaka University have clarified the cellular mechanism behind left-right asymmetric organ morphogenesis using live imaging and computer simulations. The team discovered that 'cell sliding' is essential for this process, which may lead to breakthroughs in regenerating organs with tubular structures.
Alessandro Baroni's thesis work using chiral effective field theory has characterized neutrino interactions with nuclei at low energy. His calculations combined theoretical framework and ab initio computational methods, leading to results in agreement with previous phenomenological calculations.
Researchers at Osaka University synthesized S- and X-shaped double hexahelicenes, enhancing their chiroptical performance. Their study demonstrated the possibility of using these molecules as ideal chiral materials for advanced technologies.
Researchers have discovered a new type of magnetic particle-like object, chiral bobbers, which offer opportunities to encode digital data directly. Unlike skyrmions, chiral bobbers can flow freely without needing precise distances between successive data bit carriers.